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Cobos-Ontiveros LA, Romero-Hernández LL, Mastranzo-Sánchez EB, Colín-Lozano B, Puerta A, Padrón JM, Merino-Montiel P, Vega Baez JL, Montiel-Smith S. Synthesis, antiproliferative evaluation and in silico studies of a novel steroidal spiro morpholinone. Steroids 2023; 192:109173. [PMID: 36621620 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens play a pivotal role in the development of estrogen-dependent breast cancer and other hormone-dependent disorders. A common strategy to overcome the pathological effects of estrogens is the use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), which bind to the enzyme and prevent the union with the natural substrate, decreasing the amount of estrogens produced. Several AIs have been developed, including inhibitors with a steroidal backbone and a nitrogen heterocycle in their structure. Encouraged by the notable results presented by current and clinical steroidal drugs, herein we present the synthesis of a steroidal spiro morpholinone derivative as a plausible aromatase inhibitor. The morpholinone derivative was synthesized over a six-step methodology starting from estrone. The title compound and its hydroxychloroacetamide derivative precursor were evaluated for their antiproliferative profile against estrogen-dependent and independent solid tumor cell lines: A549, HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D and WiDr. Both compounds exhibited a potent antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range against the six cancer cell lines, with the hydroxychloroacetamide derivative precursor being a more potent inhibitor (GI50 = 0.25-2.4 µM) than the morpholinone derivative (GI50 = 2.0-11 µM). Furthermore, both compounds showed, in almost all cases, better GI50 values than the steroidal anticancer drugs abiraterone and galeterone. Docking simulations of the derivatives were performed in order to explain the experimental biological activity. The results showed interactions with the iron heme (derivative 3) and important residues of the steroidal binding-site (Met374) for the inhibition of human aromatase. A correlation was found between in vitro assays and the score obtained from the molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cobos-Ontiveros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Laura L Romero-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo B Mastranzo-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Blanca Colín-Lozano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Jose Luis Vega Baez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Bacterial origins of thymidylate metabolism in Asgard archaea and Eukarya. Nat Commun 2023; 14:838. [PMID: 36792581 PMCID: PMC9931769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Asgard archaea include the closest known archaeal relatives of eukaryotes. Here, we investigate the evolution and function of Asgard thymidylate synthases and other folate-dependent enzymes required for the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, amino acids and vitamins, as well as syntrophic amino acid utilization. Phylogenies of Asgard folate-dependent enzymes are consistent with their horizontal transmission from various bacterial groups. We experimentally validate the functionality of thymidylate synthase ThyX of the cultured 'Candidatus Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum'. The enzyme efficiently uses bacterial-like folates and is inhibited by mycobacterial ThyX inhibitors, even though the majority of experimentally tested archaea are known to use carbon carriers distinct from bacterial folates. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the eukaryotic thymidylate synthase, required for de novo DNA synthesis, is not closely related to archaeal enzymes and might have been transferred from bacteria to protoeukaryotes during eukaryogenesis. Altogether, our study suggests that the capacity of eukaryotic cells to duplicate their genetic material is a sum of archaeal (replisome) and bacterial (thymidylate synthase) characteristics. We also propose that recent prevalent lateral gene transfer from bacteria has markedly shaped the metabolism of Asgard archaea.
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Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Pyrido [1,2- e]Purine-2,4( 1H,3H)-Dione Derivatives Targeting Flavin-Dependent Thymidylate Synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196216. [PMID: 36234754 PMCID: PMC9571937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2002, a new class of thymidylate synthase (TS) involved in the de novo synthesis of dTMP named Flavin-Dependent Thymidylate Synthase (FDTS) encoded by the thyX gene was discovered; FDTS is present only in 30% of prokaryote pathogens and not in human pathogens, which makes it an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial agents, especially against multi-resistant pathogens. We report herein the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a novel series of hitherto unknown pyrido[1,2-e]purine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione analogues. Several synthetics efforts were done to optimize regioselective N1-alkylation through organopalladium cross-coupling. Modelling of potential hits were performed to generate a model of interaction into the active pocket of FDTS to understand and guide further synthetic modification. All those compounds were evaluated on an in-house in vitro NADPH oxidase assays screening as well as against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ThyX. The highest inhibition was obtained for compound 23a with 84.3% at 200 µM without significant cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μM) on PBM cells.
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Zhang Y, Xie C, Liu Y, Shang F, Shao R, Yu J, Wu C, Yao X, Liu D, Wang Z. Synthesis, biological activities and docking studies of pleuromutilin derivatives with piperazinyl urea linkage. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:764-775. [PMID: 33733986 PMCID: PMC7993385 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics resistance is becoming increasingly common, involving almost all antibiotics on the market. Diseases caused by drug resistant bacteria, such as MRSA, have high mortality and negatively affect public health. The development of new drugs would be an effective means of solving this problem. Modifications based on bioactive natural products could greatly shorten drug development time and improve success rate. Pleuromutilin, a natural product from the basidiomycete bacterial species, is a promising antibiotic candidate. In this study, a series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing piperazinyl urea linkage were efficiently synthesised, and their antibacterial activities and bactericidal properties were evaluated via MIC, MBC and Time-kill kinetics assays. The results showed that all compounds exhibited potent activities against tested strains, especially MRSA strains with MIC values as low as 0.125 μg/mL; 8 times lower than that of marketed antibiotic Tiamulin. Docking studies indicate substituted piperazinyl urea derivatives could provide hydrogen bonds and initiate π-π stacking between molecules and surrounding residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- Yibin Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Small Organic Chiral Molecules, Yibin Research Institute of Xihua University, Yibin, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Shang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rushiya Shao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Kampo Medicine Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghui Yao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- Yibin Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Small Organic Chiral Molecules, Yibin Research Institute of Xihua University, Yibin, China
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Rahimi S, Soleimani E. Synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole, coumarin, benzo[b][1,4]oxazin and dihydropyrimidinone derivatives using core-shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2-ZnCl2 nanoparticles as an effective catalyst. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Fernández-Villa D, Aguilar MR, Rojo L. Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4996. [PMID: 31601031 PMCID: PMC6829374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Bacterial, protozoan and other microbial infections share an accelerated metabolic rate. In order to ensure a proper functioning of cell replication and proteins and nucleic acids synthesis processes, folate metabolism rate is also increased in these cases. For this reason, folic acid antagonists have been used since their discovery to treat different kinds of microbial infections, taking advantage of this metabolic difference when compared with human cells. However, resistances to these compounds have emerged since then and only combined therapies are currently used in clinic. In addition, some of these compounds have been found to have an immunomodulatory behavior that allows clinicians using them as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated state-of-the-art on the use of antifolates as antibacterial and immunomodulating agents in the clinical setting, as well as to present their action mechanisms and currently investigated biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernández-Villa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Rosa Aguilar
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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