1
|
Wu Z, Wei F, Wan B, Zhang Y. Pd-Catalyzed ipso, meta-Dimethylation of ortho-Substituted Iodoarenes via a Base-Controlled C-H Activation Cascade with Dimethyl Carbonate as the Methyl Source. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4524-4530. [PMID: 33750128 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A methyl group can have a profound impact on the pharmacological properties of organic molecules. Hence, developing methylation methods and methylating reagents is essential in medicinal chemistry. We report a palladium-catalyzed dimethylation reaction of ortho-substituted iodoarenes using dimethyl carbonate as a methyl source. In the presence of K2CO3 as a base, iodoarenes are dimethylated at the ipso- and meta-positions of the iodo group, which represents a novel strategy for meta-C-H methylation. With KOAc as the base, subsequent oxidative C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H coupling occurs; in this case, the overall transformation achieves triple C-H activation to form three new C-C bonds. These reactions allow expedient access to 2,6-dimethylated phenols, 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, and indanes, which are ubiquitous structural motifs and essential synthetic intermediates of biologically and pharmacologically active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Wan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dawidowski M, Król M, Szulczyk B, Chodkowski A, Podsadni P, Konopelski P, Ufnal M, Szuberski P, Wróbel MZ, Zhang Y, El Harchi A, Hancox JC, Jarkovska D, Mistrova E, Sviglerova J, Štengl M, Popowicz GM, Turło J. Structure-activity relationship and cardiac safety of 2-aryl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)acetamides as a new class of broad-spectrum anticonvulsants derived from Disopyramide. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103717. [PMID: 32171994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-aryl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)acetamides were synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant activity in animal models of epilepsy. The compounds were broadly active in the 'classical' maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous Metrazol (scMET) tests as well as in the 6 Hz and kindling models of pharmacoresistant seizures. Furthermore, the compounds showed good therapeutic indices between anticonvulsant activity and motor impairment. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) trends clearly showed the highest activity resides in unsubstituted phenyl derivatives or compounds having ortho- and meta- substituents on the phenyl ring. The 2-aryl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)acetamides were derived by redesign of the cardiotoxic sodium channel blocker Disopyramide (DISO). Our results show that the compounds preserve the capability of the parent compound to inhibit voltage gated sodium currents in patch-clamp experiments; however, in contrast to DISO, a representative compound from the series 1 displays high levels of cardiac safety in a panel of in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dawidowski
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Król
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Chodkowski
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Podsadni
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Konopelski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szuberski
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Zofia Wróbel
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yihong Zhang
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Aziza El Harchi
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar Jarkovska
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Mistrova
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Sviglerova
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Štengl
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Turło
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|