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Nachimuthu L, Desikan R. Development of methyl 5-((cinnamoyloxy)methyl)picolinate, exploring its bio-target potential aiming at CVD mediated by multiple proteins through surface and physiochemical analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13328. [PMID: 38858562 PMCID: PMC11164877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The emphasis on sustainable sources of drug development seems imminent with phytochemicals emerging as promising candidates due to their minimal probability of adverse effects. This study focuses on utilizing simple cinnamic acid and nicotinic acid derivatives as starting materials, employing an efficient synthetic protocol to obtain methyl 5-((cinnamoyloxy)methyl)picolinate targeting CVD mediated by multiple enzymes such as MAPK, PCSK9, MPO, SIRT1 and TNF-α. Comprehensive characterization of synthesized molecule is achieved through 1H, 13C, FT-IR, and HRMS methods. Additionally, the crystal structure was established via SC-XRD. Comparative analysis with the DFT-optimized structure identifies key nucleophilic and electrophilic regions for determining interactions with bio-targets. Notably, Compound 5 adheres to all drug-likeness criteria, further validated through screening similar pharmacophoric drugs from databases. Targeting bio-relevant areas with a specific focus on CVD drug development. The molecular docking studies elucidate ligand-protein interactions for better binding connectivity. This investigation further underscores the importance of sustainable practices, simple chemical synthesis, and computational approaches, contributing to the pursuit of eco-friendly drug development with enhanced safety profiles (MTT assay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Nachimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Desikan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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Rajan R, Karthikeyan S, Desikan R. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, In Silico and In Vitro Studies of New Class of Methylenedioxyphenyl-Based Amide Derivatives as Potential Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Protection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7850-7868. [PMID: 38405500 PMCID: PMC10882620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Novel methylenedioxyphenyl-based amides, especially N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-nitrobenzo-[1,3]-dioxole-5-carboxamide (MDC) and N-(3-acetylphenyl)-6-nitrobenzo-[1,3]-dioxole-5-carboxamide (ADC), potential cardiovascular preventive agents, are successfully synthesized, and their chemical structures are verified by 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analyses. Data obtained from SC-XRD reveal that MDC and ADC are both monoclinic molecules with Z = 2 and 4, respectively. From density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 3.54 and 3.96 eV are the energy gaps of the optimized MDC and ADC structures, respectively. MDC and ADC exhibit an electrophilicity index value of more than 1.5 eV, suggesting that they can act as an electrophile, facilitating bond formation with biomolecules. Hirshfeld surface analysis demonstrates that more than 25% of atomic interactions in both MDC and ADC are from H···H interactions. Based on pharmacokinetic predictions, MDC and ADC exhibit drug-like properties, and molecular docking simulations revealed favorable interactions with active site pockets. Both MDC and ADC achieved higher docking scores of -7.74 and -7.79 kcal/mol, respectively, with myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein. From docking results, MPO was found to be most favorable followed by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and α-glucosidase (α-GD). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and in vitro enzymatic studies of MDC and ADC indicate that MDC is more selective toward MPO and more potent than ADC. The application of MDC to inhibit myeloperoxidase could be ascertained to reduce the cardiovascular risk factor. This can be supported from the results of computational docking (based on hydrogen bonding and docking score), in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and MPO enzymatic inhibition (based on the percentage of inhibition and IC50 values).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sambantham Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Desikan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
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Aqeel MT, Rahman NU, Khan AU, Khan MT, Ashraf Z, Hassan SSU, Bungau SG, Majid M. Cardioprotective effect of 2-methoxy phenol derivatives against oxidative stress-induced vascular complications: An integrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo investigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115240. [PMID: 37531779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation play crucial roles in macro/microvascular complications. Phenolic compounds and their derivatives show promise as therapeutic agents for diseases like cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. With their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, these compounds hold potential for mitigating vascular complications and improving overall health. METHODOLOGY This study aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of five 2-methoxy phenol derivatives (T2, T5, T6, T7, and T8) as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and vasorelaxants using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches. RESULTS Among all, T2 exhibited substantial antioxidant potential against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with IC50 (27.97 µg/mL), nitric oxide (NO) radicals (IC50 = 34.36 µg/mL), hydroxyl (OH) radicals (IC50 = 34.83 µg/mL) and Iron chelation (IC50 = 24.32 µg/mL). Molecular docking analysis confirms that all derivatives, particularly T2, exhibit favorable binding energies with the target proteins, ACE (-7.7 Kcal/mol), ECE-1 (-7.9 Kcal/mol), and COX-1 (-7.8 Kcal/mol). All of the compounds demonstrated satisfactory physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and showed minimal to no toxicity during in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assessments. In isolated aortic rings from Sprague Dawley rats, pre-contracted with high K+ (80 mM), T2 induced vasorelaxation in dose dependent manner and shifted calcium response curves to the right as compared to verapamil. T2 also showed substantial platelet aggregation inhibition in a dose dependent manner with IC50 21.29 µM. All derivatives except T7 exhibited significant conservation of endogenous antioxidants i.e. catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and significantly suppressed serum levels of inflammatory markers i.e. nitric oxide (NO), peroxides (TBARS), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). CONCLUSION The study concludes that T2 has significant antioxidant potential and vasorelaxant effects with adequate pharmacokinetics, making it a promising lead compound for further molecular investigation in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisar-Ur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45720, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44310, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Kaisin G, Bovy L, Joyard Y, Maindron N, Tadino V, Monbaliu JCM. A perspective on automated advanced continuous flow manufacturing units for the upgrading of biobased chemicals toward pharmaceuticals. J Flow Chem 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 36467977 PMCID: PMC9707424 DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomass is a renewable, almost infinite reservoir of a large diversity of highly functionalized chemicals. The conversion of biomass toward biobased platform molecules through biorefineries generally still lacks economic viability. Profitability could be enhanced through the development of new market opportunities for these biobased platform chemicals. The fine chemical industry, and more specifically the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals is one of the sectors bearing significant potential for these biobased building blocks to rapidly emerge and make a difference. There are, however, still many challenges to be dealt with before this market can thrive. Continuous flow technology and its integration for the upgrading of biobased platform molecules for the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals is foreseen as a game-changer. This perspective reflects on the main challenges relative to chemical, process, regulatory and supply chain-related burdens still to be addressed. The implementation of integrated continuous flow processes and their automation into modular units will help for tackling with these challenges. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Kaisin
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Loïc Bovy
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Research Unit MolSys, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Yoann Joyard
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Maindron
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Vincent Tadino
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Research Unit MolSys, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Lin Y, Tang D, Liu X, Cheng J, Wang X, Guo D, Zou J, Yang H. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of longan pulp of different cultivars from South China. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kong ASY, Lai KS, Hee CW, Loh JY, Lim SHE, Sathiya M. Oxidative Stress Parameters as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease towards the Development and Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061175. [PMID: 35740071 PMCID: PMC9219727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, with unhealthy lifestyles today greatly increasing the risk. Over the decades, scientific investigation has been carried out on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their resultant oxidative stress based on their changes made on biological targets such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Since the existing clinical studies with antioxidants failed to provide relevant findings on CVD prediction, the focus has shifted towards recognition of oxidised targets as biomarkers to predict prognosis and response to accurate treatment. The identification of redox markers could help clinicians in providing risk stratification for CVD events beyond the traditional prognostic and diagnostic targets. This review will focus on how oxidant-related parameters can be applied as biomarkers for CVD based on recent clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Shen-Yee Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Kok Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates; (K.S.L.); (S.H.E.L.)
| | - Cheng-Wan Hee
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Jiun Yan Loh
- Centre of Research for Advanced Aquaculture (CORAA), UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates; (K.S.L.); (S.H.E.L.)
| | - Maran Sathiya
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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Martinez LO, Ingueneau C, Genoux A. Is it time to reconcile HDL with cardiovascular diseases and beyond? An update on a paradigm shift. Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:302-304. [PMID: 32881754 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent O Martinez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University
| | - Cécile Ingueneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University
- Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Annelise Genoux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University
- Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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