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Nitsche V, Höfner G, Kaiser J, Gertzen CGW, Seeger T, Niessen KV, Steinritz D, Worek F, Gohlke H, Paintner FF, Wanner KT. MS Binding Assays with UNC0642 as reporter ligand for the MB327 binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Toxicol Lett 2024; 392:94-106. [PMID: 38216073 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Intoxications with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) based chemical warfare agents and insecticides may result in a detrimental overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors evolving into a cholinergic crisis leading to death due to respiratory failure. In the case of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), overstimulation leads to a desensitization of the receptor, which cannot be pharmacologically treated so far. Still, compounds interacting with the MB327 binding site of the nAChR like the bispyridinium salt MB327 have been found to re-establish the functional activity of the desensitized receptor. Only recently, a series of quinazoline derivatives with UNC0642 as one of the most prominent representatives has been identified to address the MB327 binding site of the nAChR, as well. In this study, UNC0642 has been utilized as a reporter ligand to establish new Binding Assays for this target. These assays follow the concept of MS Binding Assays for which by assessing the amount of bound reporter ligand by mass spectrometry no radiolabeled material is required. According to the results of the performed MS Binding Assays comprising saturation and competition experiments it can be concluded, that UNC0642 used as a reporter ligand addresses the MB327 binding site of the Torpedo-nAChR. This is further supported by the outcome of ex vivo studies carried out with poisoned rat diaphragm muscles as well as by in silico studies predicting the binding mode of UNC0646, an analog of UNC0642 with the highest binding affinity, in the recently proposed binding site of MB327 (MB327-PAM-1). With UNC0642 addressing the MB327 binding site of the Torpedo-nAChR, this and related quinazoline derivatives represent a promising starting point for the development of novel ligands of the nAChR as antidotes for the treatment of intoxications with organophosphorus compounds. Further, the new MS Binding Assays are a potent alternative to established assays and of particular value, as they do not require the use of radiolabeled material and are based on a commercially available compound as reporter ligand, UNC0642, exhibiting one of the highest binding affinities for the MB327 binding site known so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Nitsche
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jesko Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeger
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin V Niessen
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Bio, and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Franz F Paintner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Ackermann TM, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Screening for New Inhibitors of Glycine Transporter 1 and 2 by Means of MS Binding Assays. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3094-3104. [PMID: 34174033 PMCID: PMC8518836 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward screening of a compound library comprising 2439 substances for the identification of new inhibitors for the neurotransmitter transporters GlyT1 and GlyT2 is described. Screening and full-scale competition experiments were performed using recently developed GlyT1 and GlyT2 MS Binding Assays. That way for both targets, GlyT1 and GlyT2, ligands were identified, which exhibited affinities (pKi values) in the low micromolar to sub-micromolar range. The majority of these binders exhibit new chemical scaffolds in the class of GlyT1 and GlyT2 inhibitors, which could be of interest for the development of new ligands with improved affinities for the target proteins. Additionally, compounds with excellent fluorescent properties were found for GlyT2, which renders them promising compounds for future fluorescence-based techniques. All in all, this study demonstrates that MS Binding Assays represent a powerful technology platform also well suited for the screening of compound libraries in a highly reliable and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Ackermann
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
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Halloy F, Iyer PS, Ghidini A, Lysenko V, Barman-Aksözen J, Grubenmann CP, Jucker J, Wildner-Verhey van Wijk N, Ruepp MD, Minder EI, Minder AE, Schneider-Yin X, Theocharides APA, Schümperli D, Hall J. Repurposing of glycine transport inhibitors for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1221-1234.e6. [PMID: 33756123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare disease in which patients experience severe light sensitivity. It is caused by a deficiency of ferrochelatase (FECH), the last enzyme in heme biosynthesis (HBS). The lack of FECH causes accumulation of its photoreactive substrate protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in patients' erythrocytes. Here, we explored an approach for the treatment of EPP by decreasing PPIX synthesis using small-molecule inhibitors directed to factors in the HBS pathway. We generated a FECH-knockout clone from K562 erythroleukemia cells, which accumulates PPIX and undergoes oxidative stress upon light exposure. We used these matched cell lines to screen a set of publicly available inhibitors of factors in the HBS pathway. Inhibitors of the glycine transporters GlyT1 and GlyT2 lowered levels of PPIX and markers of oxidative stress selectively in K56211B4 cells, and in primary erythroid cultures from an EPP patient. Our findings open the door to investigation of glycine transport inhibitors for HBS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Halloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavithra S Iyer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Ghidini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Lysenko
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Barman-Aksözen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Municipal Hospital Waid and Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chia-Pei Grubenmann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Municipal Hospital Waid and Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Jucker
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Municipal Hospital Waid and Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc-David Ruepp
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, SE5 9RT London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF London, UK
| | - Elisabeth I Minder
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Porphyria, Municipal Hospital Waid and Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Elisabeth Minder
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Porphyria, Municipal Hospital Waid and Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoye Schneider-Yin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Municipal Hospital Waid and Triemli, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre P A Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schümperli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ackermann TM, Allmendinger L, Höfner G, Wanner KT. MS Binding Assays for Glycine Transporter 2 (GlyT2) Employing Org25543 as Reporter Ligand. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:199-215. [PMID: 32734692 PMCID: PMC7821181 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the first binding assay for glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) following the concept of MS Binding Assays. The selective GlyT2 inhibitor Org25543 was employed as a reporter ligand and it was quantified with a highly sensitive and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Binding of Org25543 at GlyT2 was characterized in kinetic and saturation experiments with an off-rate of 7.07×10-3 s-1 , an on-rate of 1.01×106 M-1 s-1 , and an equilibrium dissociation constant of 7.45 nM. Furthermore, the inhibitory constants of 19 GlyT ligands were determined in competition experiments. The validity of the GlyT2 affinities determined with the binding assay was examined by a comparison with published inhibitory potencies from various functional assays. With the capability for affinity determination towards GlyT2 the developed MS Binding Assays provide the first tool for affinity profiling of potential ligands and it represents a valuable new alternative to functional assays addressing GlyT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Ackermann
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
| | - Lars Allmendinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
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