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Rizvi SFA, Zhang H, Fang Q. Engineering peptide drug therapeutics through chemical conjugation and implication in clinics. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38704826 DOI: 10.1002/med.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of peptide drugs has made tremendous progress in the past few decades because of the advancements in modification chemistry and analytical technologies. The novel-designed peptide drugs have been modified through various biochemical methods with improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and drug-delivery strategies. Researchers found it a helping hand to overcome the inherent limitations of peptides and bring continued advancements in their applications. Furthermore, the emergence of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs)-utilizes target-oriented peptide moieties as a vehicle for cytotoxic payloads via conjugation with cleavable chemical agents, resulting in the key foundation of the new era of targeted peptide drugs. This review summarizes the various classifications of peptide drugs, suitable chemical modification strategies to improve the ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) features of peptide drugs, and recent (2015-early 2024) progress/achievements in peptide-based drug delivery systems as well as their fruitful implication in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we also summarized the brief description of other types of PDCs, including peptide-MOF conjugates and peptide-UCNP conjugates. The principal aim is to provide scattered and diversified knowledge in one place and to help researchers understand the pinching knots in the science of PDC development and progress toward a bright future of novel peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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2
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Rizvi SF, Zhang L, Zhang H, Fang Q. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Design, Chemistry, and Drug Delivery System as a Novel Cancer Theranostic. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:309-334. [PMID: 38357281 PMCID: PMC10863443 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) that utilize target-oriented peptide moieties as carriers of cytotoxic payloads, interconnected with various cleavable/noncleavable linkers, resulted in the key-foundation of the new era of targeted therapeutics. They are capable of retaining the integrity of conjugates in the blood circulatory system as well as releasing the drugs at the tumor microenvironment. Other valuable advantages are specificity and selectivity toward targeted-receptors, higher penetration ability, and drug-loading capacity, making them a suitable candidate to play their vital role as promising carrier agents. In this review, we summarized the types of cell-targeting (CTPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) that have broad applications in the advancement of targeted drug-delivery systems (DDS). Moreover, the techniques to overcome the limitations of peptide-chemistry for their extensive implementation to construct the PDCs. Besides this, the diversified breakthrough of linker chemistry, and ample knowledge of various cytotoxic payloads used in PDCs in recent years, as well as the mechanism of action of PDCs was critically discussed. The principal aim is to provide scattered and diversified knowledge in one place and to help researchers understand the pinching knots in the science of PDC development, also their progression toward a bright future for PDCs as novel theranostics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem
Askari Rizvi
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and
Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Linjie Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
| | - Quan Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and
Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu P.R. China
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Groß VE, Gershkovich MM, Schöneberg T, Kaiser A, Prömel S. NanoBRET in C. elegans illuminates functional receptor interactions in real time. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:8. [PMID: 35100990 PMCID: PMC8805316 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-protein interactions form the basis of every organism and thus, investigating their dynamics, intracellular protein localization, trafficking and interactions of distinct proteins such as receptors and their ligand-binding are of general interest. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a powerful tool to investigate these aspects in vitro. Since in vitro approaches mostly neglect the more complex in vivo situation, we established BRET as an in vivo tool for studying protein interactions in the nematode C. elegans. Results We generated worms expressing NanoBRET sensors and elucidated the interaction of two ligand-G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pairs, the neuropeptide receptor NPR-11 and the Adhesion GPCR LAT-1. Furthermore, we adapted the enhanced bystander BRET technology to measure subcellular protein localization. Using this approach, we traced ligand-induced internalization of NPR-11 in vivo. Conclusions Our results indicate that in vivo NanoBRET is a tool to investigate specific protein interactions and localization in a physiological setting in real time in the living organism C. elegans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-022-00405-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Elisabeth Groß
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Simone Prömel
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Wanka L, Behr V, Beck-Sickinger AG. Arrestin-dependent internalization of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. Biol Chem 2021; 403:133-149. [PMID: 34036761 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is an important mechanism regulating the signal strength and limiting the opportunity of receptor activation. Based on the importance of GPCRs, the detailed knowledge about the regulation of signal transduction is crucial. Here, current knowledge about the agonist-induced, arrestin-dependent internalization process of rhodopsin-like GPCRs is reviewed. Arrestins are conserved molecules that act as key players within the internalization process of many GPCRs. Based on highly conserved structural characteristics within the rhodopsin-like GPCRs, the identification of arrestin interaction sites in model systems can be compared and used for the investigation of internalization processes of other receptors. The increasing understanding of this essential regulation mechanism of receptors can be used for drug development targeting rhodopsin-like GPCRs. Here, we focus on the neuropeptide Y receptor family, as these receptors transmit various physiological processes such as food intake, energy homeostasis, and regulation of emotional behavior, and are further involved in pathophysiological processes like cancer, obesity and mood disorders. Hence, this receptor family represents an interesting target for the development of novel therapeutics requiring the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms influencing receptor mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy Wanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Victoria Behr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
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Cattaneo S, Verlengia G, Marino P, Simonato M, Bettegazzi B. NPY and Gene Therapy for Epilepsy: How, When,... and Y. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:608001. [PMID: 33551745 PMCID: PMC7862707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.608001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuropeptide abundantly expressed in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system. NPY is a pleiotropic molecule, which influences cell proliferation, cardiovascular and metabolic function, pain and neuronal excitability. In the central nervous system, NPY acts as a neuromodulator, affecting pathways that range from cellular (excitability, neurogenesis) to circuit level (food intake, stress response, pain perception). NPY has a broad repertoire of receptor subtypes, each activating specific signaling pathways in different tissues and cellular sub-regions. In the context of epilepsy, NPY is thought to act as an endogenous anticonvulsant that performs its action through Y2 and Y5 receptors. In fact, its overexpression in the brain with the aid of viral vectors can suppress seizures in animal models of epilepsy. Therefore, NPY-based gene therapy may represent a novel approach for the treatment of epilepsy patients, particularly for pharmaco-resistant and genetic forms of the disease. Nonetheless, considering all the aforementioned aspects of NPY signaling, the study of possible NPY applications as a therapeutic molecule is not devoid of critical aspects. The present review will summarize data related to NPY biology, focusing on its anti-epileptic effects, with a critical appraisal of key elements that could be exploited to improve the already existing NPY-based gene therapy approaches for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cattaneo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Marino
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bettegazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Ziffert I, Kaiser A, Hoppenz P, Mörl K, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Shuttling of Peptide-Drug Conjugates by G Protein-Coupled Receptors Is Significantly Improved by Pulsed Application. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:164-178. [PMID: 32700391 PMCID: PMC7818256 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be used to shuttle peptide-drug conjugates into cells. But, for efficient therapy, a high concentration of cargo needs to be delivered. To explore this, we studied the pharmacologically interesting neuropeptide Y1 receptor (Y1 R) in one recombinant and three oncogenic cell systems that endogenously express the receptor. We demonstrate that recycled receptors behave identically to newly synthesized receptors with respect to ligand binding and internalization pathways. Depending on the cell system, biosynthesis, recycling efficiency, and peptide uptake differ partially, but shuttling was efficient in all systems. However, by comparing continuous application of the ligand for four hours to four cycles of internalization and recycling in between, a significantly higher amount of peptide uptake was achieved in the pulsed application (150-250 % to 300-400 %). Accordingly, in this well-suited drug shuttle system pulsed application is superior under all investigated conditions and should be considered for innovative, targeted drug delivery in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ziffert
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Paul Hoppenz
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Karin Mörl
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
| | - Annette G. Beck‐Sickinger
- Institute of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigBrüderstraße 3404103LeipzigGermany
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