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Peluso P, Mamane V, Spissu Y, Casu G, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Sechi B, Palmieri G, Rozzo C. Iodinated 4,4'-Bipyridines with Antiproliferative Activity Against Melanoma Cell Lines. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300662. [PMID: 38489502 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, biological processes involving halogen bond (HaB) as a leading interaction attracted great interest. However, although bound iodine atoms are considered powerful HaB donors, few iodinated new drugs were reported so far. Recently, iodinated 4,4'-bipyridines showed interesting properties as HaB donors in solution and in the solid state. In this paper, a study on the inhibition activity of seven halogenated 4,4'-bipyridines against malignant melanoma (MM) cell proliferation is described. Explorative dose/response proliferation assays were first performed with three 4,4'-bipyridines by using four MM cell lines and the normal BJ fibroblast cell line as control. Among them, the A375 MM cell line was the most sensitive, as determined by MTT assays, which was selected to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of all 4,4'-bipyridines. Significantly, the presence of an electrophilic iodine impacted the biological activity of the corresponding compounds. The 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridine showed significant antiproliferation activity against the A375 cell line, and lower toxicity on BJ fibroblasts. Through in silico studies, the stereoelectronic features of possible sites determining the bioactivity were explored. These results pave the way for the utilization of iodinated 4,4'-bipyridines as templates to design new promising HaB-enabled inhibitors of MM cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7177, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ylenia Spissu
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari ISPA-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Casu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica IRGB-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Barbara Sechi
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica IRGB-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Rozzo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica IRGB-CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa La Crucca, 3, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Pisano M, Dettori MA, Fabbri D, Delogu G, Palmieri G, Rozzo C. Anticancer Activity of Two Novel Hydroxylated Biphenyl Compounds toward Malignant Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5636. [PMID: 34073232 PMCID: PMC8198844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is still one of the most difficult cancers to treat despite recent advances in targeted and immune therapies. About 50% of advanced melanoma do not benefit of such therapies, and novel treatments are requested. Curcumin and its analogs have shown good anticancer properties and are being considered for use in combination with or sequence to recent therapies to improve patient outcomes. Our group previously published the synthesis and anticancer activity characterization of a novel curcumin-related compound against melanoma and neuroblastoma cells (D6). Here, two hydroxylated biphenyl compounds-namely, compounds 11 and 12-were selected among a small collection of previously screened C2-symmetric hydroxylated biphenyls structurally related to D6 and curcumin, showing the best antitumor potentiality against melanoma cells (IC50 values of 1.7 ± 0.5 μM for 11 and 2.0 ± 0.7 μM for 12) and no toxicity of normal fibroblasts up to 32 µM. Their antiproliferative activity was deeply characterized on five melanoma cell lines by performing dose-response and clonal growth inhibition assays, which revealed long-lasting and irreversible effects for both compounds. Apoptosis induction was ascertained by the annexin V and TUNEL assays, whereas Western blotting showed caspase activation and PARP cleavage. A cell cycle analysis, following cell treatments with either compound 11 or 12, highlighted an arrest in the G2/M transition. Taking all this evidence together, 11 and 12 were shown to be good candidates as lead compounds to develop new anticancer drugs against malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pisano
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Dettori
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.A.D.); (D.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Davide Fabbri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.A.D.); (D.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.A.D.); (D.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Carla Rozzo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.)
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Natural Chain-Breaking Antioxidants and Their Synthetic Analogs as Modulators of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040624. [PMID: 33921802 PMCID: PMC8074124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with the increased production of reactive oxygen species or with a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic defense. The penetration of oxygen and free radicals in the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes initiates radical disintegration of the hydrocarbon “tails” of the lipids. This process is known as “lipid peroxidation”, and the accumulation of the oxidation products as peroxides and the aldehydes and acids derived from them are often used as a measure of oxidative stress levels. In total, 40 phenolic antioxidants were selected for a comparative study and analysis of their chain-breaking antioxidant activity, and thus as modulators of oxidative stress. This included natural and natural-like ortho-methoxy and ortho-hydroxy phenols, nine of them newly synthesized. Applied experimental and theoretical methods (bulk lipid autoxidation, chemiluminescence, in silico methods such as density functional theory (DFT) and quantitative structure–activity relationship ((Q)SAR) modeling) were used to clarify their structure–activity relationship. Kinetics of non-inhibited and inhibited lipid oxidation in close connection with inhibitor transformation under oxidative stress is considered. Special attention has been paid to chemical reactions resulting in the initiation of free radicals, a key stage of oxidative stress. Effects of substituents in the side chains and in the phenolic ring of hydroxylated phenols and biphenols, and the concentration were discussed.
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