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da Costa CS, Marques EM, do Nascimento JR, Lima VAS, Santos-Oliveira R, Figueredo AS, de Jesus CM, de Souza Nunes GC, Brandão CM, de Jesus ET, Sa MC, Tanaka AA, Braga G, Santos ACF, de Lima RB, Silva LA, Alencar LMR, da Rocha CQ, Gonçalves RS. Design of Liquid Formulation Based on F127-Loaded Natural Dimeric Flavonoids as a New Perspective Treatment for Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:252. [PMID: 38399306 PMCID: PMC10891960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (IPD) remain a challenge for medicine due to several interconnected reasons, such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an overlooked IPD causing persistent skin ulcers that are challenging to heal, resulting in disfiguring scars. Moreover, it has the potential to extend from the skin to the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat in both humans and various animals. Given the limited effectiveness and AMR of current drugs, the exploration of new substances has emerged as a promising alternative for ATL treatment. Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC). Bureau is a native Brazilian plant rich in dimeric flavonoids, including Brachydin (BRA), which displays antimicrobial activity, but still little has been explored regarding the development of therapeutic formulations. In this work, we present the design of a low-cost liquid formulation based on the use of Pluronic F127 for encapsulation of high BRA concentration (LF-B500). The characterization techniques revealed that BRA-loaded F127 micelles are well-stabilized in an unusual worm-like form. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that LF-B500 was non-toxic to macrophages but efficient in the inactivation of forms of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with IC50 of 16.06 µg/mL. The results demonstrated that LF-B500 opened a new perspective on the use of liquid formulation-based natural products for ATL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Silva da Costa
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (C.S.d.C.); (E.M.M.); (J.R.d.N.); (V.A.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Estela Mesquita Marques
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (C.S.d.C.); (E.M.M.); (J.R.d.N.); (V.A.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Jessyane Rodrigues do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (C.S.d.C.); (E.M.M.); (J.R.d.N.); (V.A.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP-Estadual University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Victor Antônio Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (C.S.d.C.); (E.M.M.); (J.R.d.N.); (V.A.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro 21941-906, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Aline Santana Figueredo
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (C.M.d.J.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Caroline Martins de Jesus
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (C.M.d.J.); (L.A.S.)
| | | | - Clenilma Marques Brandão
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Maranhão, São Luis 65075-441, Brazil; (C.M.B.); (E.T.d.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Edson Tobias de Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Maranhão, São Luis 65075-441, Brazil; (C.M.B.); (E.T.d.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Mayara Coelho Sa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Maranhão, São Luis 65075-441, Brazil; (C.M.B.); (E.T.d.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Auro Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.A.T.); (G.B.); (A.C.F.S.); (R.B.d.L.)
| | - Gustavo Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.A.T.); (G.B.); (A.C.F.S.); (R.B.d.L.)
| | - Ana Caroline Ferreira Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.A.T.); (G.B.); (A.C.F.S.); (R.B.d.L.)
| | - Roberto Batista de Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.A.T.); (G.B.); (A.C.F.S.); (R.B.d.L.)
| | - Lucilene Amorim Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (A.S.F.); (C.M.d.J.); (L.A.S.)
| | | | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (C.S.d.C.); (E.M.M.); (J.R.d.N.); (V.A.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
| | - Renato Sonchini Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (C.S.d.C.); (E.M.M.); (J.R.d.N.); (V.A.S.L.); (C.Q.d.R.)
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Barbosa DCDS, Holanda VN, Ghosh A, Maia RT, da Silva WV, Lima VLDM, da Silva MV, Dos Santos Correia MT, de Figueiredo RCBQ. Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity of essential oil from the fruit peel of Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of its major constituent onto Leishmania enzyme targets. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13001-13016. [PMID: 34632943 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1978320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease characterized by highest morbidity rates worldwide. The available treatment for CL has several limitations including serious side effects and resistance to the treatment. Herein we aimed to evaluate the activity of essential oil from the peel of Myrciaria floribunda fruits (MfEO) on Leishmania amazonensis. The cytotoxic potential of MfEO on host mammalian cells was evaluated by MTT. The in vitro leishmanicidal effects of MfEO were investigated on the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms. The ultrastructural changes induced by MfEO were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The molecular docking of the major compounds δ-Cadinene, γ-Cadinene, γ-Muurolene, α-Selinene, α-Muurolene and (E)-Caryophyllene onto the enzymes trypanothione reductase (TreR) and sterol 14-alpha demethylase (C14DM) were performed. Our results showed that MfEO presented moderate cytotoxicity for Vero cells and macrophages. The MfEO inhibited the growth of promastigote and the survival of intracellular amastigotes, in a dose- and time- dependent way. The MfEO presented high selectivity towards amastigote forms, being 44.1 times more toxic for this form than to macrophages. Molecular docking analysis showed that the major compounds of MfEO interact with Leishmania enzymes and that δ-Cadinene (δ-CAD) presented favorable affinity energy values over TreR and C14DM enzymes, when compared with the other major constituents. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed a stable binding of δ-CAD with lowest binding free energy values in MMGBSA assay. Our results suggested that δ-CAD may be a potent inhibitor of TreR and C14DM enzymes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanderlan Nogueira Holanda
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rafael Trindade Maia
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Soni M, Pratap JV. Development of Novel Anti-Leishmanials: The Case for Structure-Based Approaches. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080950. [PMID: 36015070 PMCID: PMC9414883 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neglected tropical disease (NTD) leishmaniasis is the collective name given to a diverse group of illnesses caused by ~20 species belonging to the genus Leishmania, a majority of which are vector borne and associated with complex life cycles that cause immense health, social, and economic burdens locally, but individually are not a major global health priority. Therapeutic approaches against leishmaniasis have various inadequacies including drug resistance and a lack of effective control and eradication of the disease spread. Therefore, the development of a rationale-driven, target based approaches towards novel therapeutics against leishmaniasis is an emergent need. The utilization of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning methods, which have made significant advances in drug discovery applications, would benefit the discovery process. In this review, following a summary of the disease epidemiology and available therapies, we consider three important leishmanial metabolic pathways that can be attractive targets for a structure-based drug discovery approach towards the development of novel anti-leishmanials. The folate biosynthesis pathway is critical, as Leishmania is auxotrophic for folates that are essential in many metabolic pathways. Leishmania can not synthesize purines de novo, and salvage them from the host, making the purine salvage pathway an attractive target for novel therapeutics. Leishmania also possesses an organelle glycosome, evolutionarily related to peroxisomes of higher eukaryotes, which is essential for the survival of the parasite. Research towards therapeutics is underway against enzymes from the first two pathways, while the third is as yet unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Soni
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - J. Venkatesh Pratap
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence:
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Maia DO, Santos VF, Barbosa CRS, Fróes YN, Muniz DF, Santos ALE, Santos MHC, Silva RRS, Silva CGL, Souza ROS, Sousa JCS, Coutinho HDM, Teixeira CS. Nickel (II) chloride schiff base complex: Synthesis, characterization, toxicity, antibacterial and leishmanicidal activity. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109714. [PMID: 34710376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of schiff base complex against microbial agentes a has recently received more attention as a strategy to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and leishmania. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity, antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of the nickel (II) chloride schiff base complex ([Ni(L2)] against Leishmania amazonensis promastigote, multi-resistant bacterial strains and evaluate to modulate antibiotic activity against multi-resistant bacterial. The schiff base complex was characterized by the techniques of elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA/DTG/DSC). The [Ni(L2)] complex presented moderate toxicity in saline artemia (LC50 = 150.8 μg/mL). In leishmanicidal assay, the NiL2 complex showed values of IC50 of (6.079 μg/mL ± 0.05656 at the 24 h), (0.854 μg/mL ± 0.02474, 48 h) and (1.076 μg/mL ± 0.04039, 72 h). In antibacterial assay, the [Ni(L2)] complex presented significant inhibited the bacterial growth of P. aeruginosa (MIC = 256 μg/mL). However, [Ni(L2)] complex did not present clinically relevant minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ≥1024 μg/mL) against S. aureus and E. coli. The combination of [Ni(L2)] complex and antibacterial drugs resulted in the increased antibiotic activity of gentamicin and amikacin against S. aureus and E.coli multi-resistant strains. Thus, our results showed that [Ni(L2)] complex is a promising molecule for the development of new therapies associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics and in disease control related to resistant bacteria and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle O Maia
- Agrarian and Environmental Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Valdenice F Santos
- Agrarian and Environmental Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Cristina R S Barbosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Yuri N Fróes
- Postgraduate Program in Microbial Biology, CEUMA, University of São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Debora F Muniz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana L E Santos
- Medical School, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria H C Santos
- Agrarian and Environmental Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Romério R S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cláudio G L Silva
- Medical School, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Racquel O S Souza
- Medical School, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joicy C S Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Microbial Biology, CEUMA, University of São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudener S Teixeira
- Agrarian and Biodiversity Sciences Center, Federal University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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Herrera-Acevedo C, Flores-Gaspar A, Scotti L, Mendonça-Junior FJB, Scotti MT, Coy-Barrera E. Identification of Kaurane-Type Diterpenes as Inhibitors of Leishmania Pteridine Reductase I. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113076. [PMID: 34063939 PMCID: PMC8196580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments against Leishmania parasites present high toxicity and multiple side effects, which makes the control and elimination of leishmaniasis challenging. Natural products constitute an interesting and diverse chemical space for the identification of new antileishmanial drugs. To identify new drug options, an in-house database of 360 kauranes (tetracyclic diterpenes) was generated, and a combined ligand- and structure-based virtual screening (VS) approach was performed to select potential inhibitors of Leishmania major (Lm) pteridine reductase I (PTR1). The best-ranked kauranes were employed to verify the validity of the VS approach through LmPTR1 enzyme inhibition assay. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of selected bioactive compounds were examined using the random forest (RF) model (i.e., 2β-hydroxy-menth-6-en-5β-yl ent-kaurenoate (135) and 3α-cinnamoyloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (302)) were below 10 μM. A compound similar to 302, 3α-p-coumaroyloxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (302a), was also synthesized and showed the highest activity against LmPTR1. Finally, molecular docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the VS-selected, most-active kauranes within the active sites of PTR1 hybrid models, generated from three Leishmania species that are known to cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world (i.e., L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, and L. amazonensis) to explore the targeting potential of these kauranes to other species-dependent variants of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonny Herrera-Acevedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (C.H.-A.); (L.S.)
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Areli Flores-Gaspar
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
- Correspondence: (A.F.-G.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +57-1-650-00-00 (ext. 1526) (A.F.-G.); +55-83-99869-0415 (M.T.S.)
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (C.H.-A.); (L.S.)
| | | | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (C.H.-A.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.-G.); (M.T.S.); Tel.: +57-1-650-00-00 (ext. 1526) (A.F.-G.); +55-83-99869-0415 (M.T.S.)
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
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