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Sun J, Baker JR, Russell CC, Pham HNT, Goldsmith CD, Cossar PJ, Sakoff JA, Scarlett CJ, McCluskey A. Novel piperazine-1,2,3-triazole leads for the potential treatment of pancreatic cancer. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2246-2267. [PMID: 37974967 PMCID: PMC10650957 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
From lead 1, (N-(4-((4-(3-(4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-phenyl)acetamide), a S100A2-p53 protein-protein interaction inhibitor based on an in silico modelling driven hypothesis, four focused libraries were designed and synthesised. Growth inhibition screening was performed against 16 human cancer cell lines including the pancreatic cell lines MiaPaCa2, BxPC3, AsPC-1, Capan-2, HPAC, PANC-1 and the drug resistant CFPAC1. Modification of 1's phenylacetamide moiety, gave Library 1 with only modest pancreatic cancer activity. Modification of the 3-OCH3Ph moiety (Library 2) gave 4-CH3 (26), 4-CH2CH3 (27), 4-CF3 (31) and 4-NO2 (32) with sterically bulky groups more active. A 4-CF3 acetamide replacement enhanced cytotoxicity (Library 3). The 4-C(CH3)336 resulted in a predicted steric clash in the S100A2-p53 binding groove, with a potency decrease. Alkyl moieties afforded more potent analogues, 34 (4-CH3) and 35 (CH2CH3), a trend evident against pancreatic cancer: GI50 3.7 (35; BxPC-3) to 18 (40; AsPC-1) μM. Library 4 analogues with a 2-CF3 and 3-CF3 benzenesulfonamide moiety were less active than the corresponding Library 3 analogues. Two additional analogues were designed: 51 (4-CF3; 4-OCH3) and 52 (4-CF3; 2-OCH3) revealed 52 to be 10-20 fold more active than 51, against the pancreatic cancer cell lines examined with sub-micromolar GI50 values 0.43 (HPAC) to 0.61 μM (PANC-1). MOE calculated binding scores for each pose are also consistent with the observed biological activity with 52. The obtained SAR data is consistent with the proposed interaction within the S100A2-p53 bonding groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufeng Sun
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
- Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 China
| | - Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Cecilia C Russell
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Hong N T Pham
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital Edith Street Waratah NSW 2298 Australia
| | - Chloe D Goldsmith
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital Edith Street Waratah NSW 2298 Australia
| | - Peter J Cossar
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital Edith Street Waratah NSW 2298 Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle Ourimbah NSW 2258 Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
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Hopkins MD, Costello IJ, Brandeburg ZC, Slay EL, Zanders LA, Dunn CE, Derewonko CA, Davitt CL, Reeder MA, Prichard K, Chiew B, McCluskey A, Sheaff RJ, Lamar AA. Expansion of a Synthesized Library of N-Benzyl Sulfonamides Derived from an Indole Core to Target Pancreatic Cancer. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300265. [PMID: 37421174 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to further investigate previously observed activity of indolyl sulfonamides towards pancreatic cancer cell lines, a library of 44 compounds has been synthesized. The biological activity of the compounds has been determined using two different screening assay techniques against 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 9 non-pancreatic cancer cell lines. In the first assay, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated using a traditional (48 hour compound exposure) method. An in silico investigation was conducted to determine if the compounds might be inducing cell death by inhibiting the S100A2-p53 protein-protein interaction. In the second assay, the potential role of the compounds as metabolic inhibitors of ATP production was evaluated using a rapid screening (1-2 hour compound exposure) method. IC50 values of the hit compounds were obtained and four compounds displayed sub-micromolar potency against PANC-1 cells. The investigation has provided several compounds that display selective in vitro activity toward pancreatic cancer that warrant further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ian J Costello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Zachary C Brandeburg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Emily L Slay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Levi A Zanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Caroline E Dunn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Carina A Derewonko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Colin L Davitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Madison A Reeder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Kate Prichard
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, 2308, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Beatrice Chiew
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, 2308, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, 2308, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Sheaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Angus A Lamar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 South Tucker Drive, 74104, Tulsa, OK, USA
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3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylsulfonamides, a novel pancreatic cancer active lead. Investigation of the terminal aromatic moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 61:128591. [PMID: 35114371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Virtual screening identified N-(6-((4-bromobenzyl)amino)hexyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide (1) a lead compound that bound to the S100A2-p53 binding groove. S100A2 is a Ca2+ binding protein with implications in cell signaling and is known to be upregulated in pancreatic cancer. It is a validated pancreatic cancer drug target. Lead 1, inhibited the growth of the MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line (GI50 = 2.97 μM). Focused compound libraries were developed to explore the SAR of this compound class with 4 libraries and 43 compounds total. Focused library (Library 1) development identified lipophillic sulfonamides as preferred for MiaPaCa-2 activity, with -CF3 and -C(CH3)3 substituents well tolerated (MiaPaCa-2 GI50 < 6 μM). Contraction of the hexylamino spacer to ethyl (Library 2) and propyl (Library 3) proved beneficial to activity against a broad spectrum panel of cancer cell lines: HT29 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), A2780 (ovarian), H460 (colon), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), U87 and SJ-G2 (glioblastoma) (cohort-1); and a pancreatic cancer cell line panel: MiaPaCa-2, BxPC-3, AsPC-1, Capan-2, HPAC and PANC-1 (cohort-2). With a marked preference for a propyl linker the observed GI50 values ranged from 1.4 - 18 μM against cohort-1 and 1.4-18 μM against cohort-2 cell lines. In Library 4 the terminal aromatic moiety was explored with 4-substituted analogues preferred (with activity of 48 (4-Cl) >47 (3-Cl) >46 (2-Cl)) against the cell lines examined. The introduction of bulky aromatic moieties was well tolerated, e.g. dihydrobenzo[b]1,4dioxine (51) returned cohort-2 GI50 values of 1.7 - 3.4 μM. In all instances the observed docked binding poses and binding scores were consistent with the observed cytotoxicity. This in turn supports, but does not prove, that these analogues function via S100A2-p53 binding groove inhibition.
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