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Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081009. [PMID: 36015157 PMCID: PMC9416173 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions 9i.e., those that engage three or more starting materials to form a product that contains significant fragments of all of them), have been widely employed in the construction of compound libraries, especially in the context of diversity-oriented synthesis. While relatively less exploited, their use in target-oriented synthesis offers significant advantages in terms of synthetic efficiency. This review provides a critical summary of the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of active pharmaceutical principles.
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Hartwig D, Soares LK, Dapper LH, Nascimento JER, Lenardão EJ. Dicarbonyl compounds in the synthesis of heterocycles under green conditions. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon–carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions are strategically employed for the generation of a variety of heterocyclic systems. This class of compounds represents the most general structural unit, present in many natural compounds. They are recognized for their valuable biologically properties and wide range of applications in medicinal, pharmaceutical, and other related fields of chemistry. This is an updated review on the use of dicarbonyl compounds under environmentally friendly conditions to access a series of heterocyclic structures, e.g., quinoxaline, quinazolinones, benzochalcogenazoles, indoles, among others. Synthetic protocols involving copper-catalyzed, multicomponent and cascade reactions, decarboxylative cyclization, recycling of CO2, and electrochemical approaches are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hartwig
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Liane K. Soares
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Luiz H. Dapper
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - José E. R. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
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