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Alfei S, Zuccari G, Athanassopoulos CM, Domenicotti C, Marengo B. Strongly ROS-Correlated, Time-Dependent, and Selective Antiproliferative Effects of Synthesized Nano Vesicles on BRAF Mutant Melanoma Cells and Their Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel Formulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10071. [PMID: 39337557 PMCID: PMC11432396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous metastatic melanoma (CMM) is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with a poor prognosis. Drug-induced secondary tumorigenesis and the emergency of drug resistance worsen an already worrying scenario, thus rendering urgent the development of new treatments not dealing with mutable cellular processes. Triphenyl phosphonium salts (TPPSs), in addiction to acting as cytoplasmic membrane disruptors, are reported to be mitochondria-targeting compounds, exerting anticancer effects mainly by damaging their membranes and causing depolarization, impairing mitochondria functions and their DNA, triggering oxidative stress (OS), and priming primarily apoptotic cell death. TPP-based bola amphiphiles are capable of self-forming nanoparticles (NPs) with enhanced biological properties, as commonly observed for nanomaterials. Already employed in several other biomedical applications, the per se selective potent antibacterial effects of a TPP bola amphiphile have only recently been demonstrated on 50 multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical superbugs, as well as its exceptional and selective anticancer properties on sensitive and MDR neuroblastoma cells. Here, aiming at finding new molecules possibly developable as new treatments for counteracting CMM, the effects of this TPP-based bola amphiphile (BPPB) have been investigated against two BRAF mutants CMM cell lines (MeOV and MeTRAV) with excellent results (even IC50 = 49 nM on MeOV after 72 h treatment). With these findings and considering the low cytotoxicity of BPPB against different mammalian non-tumoral cell lines and red blood cells (RBCs, selectivity indexes up to 299 on MeOV after 72 h treatment), the possible future development of BPPB as topical treatment for CMM lesions was presumed. With this aim, a biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel formulation (HA-BPPB-HG) was prepared without using any potentially toxic crosslinking agents simply by dispersing suitable amounts of the two ingredients in water and sonicating under gentle heating. HA-BPPB-HA was completely characterized, with promising outcomes such as high swelling capability, high porosity, and viscous elastic rheological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Via Alberti L.B., 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Via Alberti L.B., 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Alfei S, Giannoni P, Signorello MG, Torazza C, Zuccari G, Athanassopoulos CM, Domenicotti C, Marengo B. The Remarkable and Selective In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Synthesized Bola-Amphiphilic Nanovesicles on Etoposide-Sensitive and -Resistant Neuroblastoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1505. [PMID: 39330662 PMCID: PMC11434613 DOI: 10.3390/nano14181505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a solid tumor occurring in infancy and childhood. Its high-risk form has currently a survival rate <50%, despite aggressive treatments. This worrying scenario is worsened by drug-induced secondary tumorigenesis and the emergency of drug resistance, calling for the urgent development of new extra-genomic treatments. Triphenyl phosphonium salts (TPPs) are mitochondria-targeting compounds that exert anticancer effects, impair mitochondria functions, and damage DNA at the same time. Despite several biochemical applications, TPP-based bola-amphiphiles self-assembling nanoparticles (NPs) in water have never been tested as antitumor agents. Here, with the aim of developing new antitumor devices to also counteract resistant forms of HR-NB, the anticancer effects of a TPP-based bola-amphiphile molecule have been investigated in vitro for the first time. To this end, we considered the previously synthesized and characterized sterically hindered quaternary phosphonium salt (BPPB). It embodies both the characteristics of mitochondria-targeting compounds and those of bola-amphiphiles. The anticancer effects of BPPB were assessed against HTLA-230 human stage-IV NB cells and their counterpart, which is resistant to etoposide (ETO), doxorubicin (DOX), and many other therapeutics (HTLA-ER). Very low IC50 values of 0.2 µM on HTLA-230 and 1.1 µM on HTLA-ER (538-fold lower than that of ETO) were already determined after 24 h of treatment. The very low cell viability observed after 24 h did not significantly differ from that observed for the longest exposure timing. The putative future inclusion of BPPB in a chemotherapeutic cocktail for HR-NB was assessed by investigating in vitro its cytotoxic effects against mammalian cell lines. These included monkey kidney cells (Cos-7, IC50 = 4.9 µM), human hepatic cells (HepG2, IC50 = 9.6 µM), a lung-derived fibroblast cell line (MRC-5, IC50 = 2.8 µM), and red blood cells (RBCs, IC50 = 14.9 µM). Appreciable to very high selectivity indexes (SIs) have been determined after 24 h treatments (SIs = 2.5-74.6), which provided evidence that both NB cell populations were already fully exterminated. These in vitro results pave the way for future investigations of BPPB on animal models and upon confirmation for the possible development of BPPB as a novel therapeutic to treat MDR HR-NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.T.); (G.Z.)
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Via Alberti L.B., 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia Signorello
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Carola Torazza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.T.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.T.); (G.Z.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Via Alberti L.B., 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.G.); (C.D.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Via Alberti L.B., 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.G.); (C.D.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Semenyuta I, Golovchenko O, Bahrieieva O, Vydzhak R, Zhirnov V, Brovarets V. Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation, ADMET Properties, and Molecular Docking of Novel 5-Sulfanyl Substituted (Thiazol-4-yl)-Phosphonium Salts. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400205. [PMID: 38847335 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Seven TPP+ new 5-sulfanyl substituted (thiazol-4-yl) phosphonium salts functionalized with different substituents were designed, synthesized, and studied against the NCI-60 human cancer cell lines. Compounds 1-4 show the total average parameters GI50=0.7-2.7 μM, TGI=7.0-14.6 μM, and LC50=25.2-41.8 μM, and compounds 5-7 show GI50=0.3-0.5 μM, TGI=1.3-3.1 μM, and LC50=3.6-4.0 μM. The most active compound 7 demonstrated the best anticancer results against leukemia (K-562, GI50=0.141 μM; RPMI-8226, GI50=0.143 μM), ovarian cancer (NCI/ADR-RES, GI50=0.142 μM), breast cancer (HS578T, GI50=0.175 μM; MDA-MB-468, GI50=0.101 μM), melanoma (SK-MEL-5, GI50=0.155 μM), and colon cancer (COLO 205, GI50=0.163 μM). All compounds showed low cytotoxicity against the leukemia subpanel (LC50>100 μM). The SAR analysis reveals the critical role of the substitutes at the thiazole C2 and C5 positions. Adding the phenyl, p-tolyl, or 4-chlorophenyl group to the C2 position in compounds 5-7 increases anticancer effectiveness. According to the NCI COMPARE analysis, compounds 2-3 showed a very high (r=0.92, 0.81) correlation with morpholino-doxorubicin. Molecular docking-analyzing the antitumor mechanism of compounds 1-4 action demonstrated that the DNA chain is a probable biotarget. The ADMET analysis acknowledges the favorable prognosis using compounds as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Semenyuta
- Department of chemistry of natural compounds, V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar st. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Golovchenko
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar st. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Bahrieieva
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar st. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Vydzhak
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar st. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Zhirnov
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar st. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Brovarets
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar st. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Haffouz A, Elleuch H, Khemakhem B, Ben Amor I, Jerbi A, Gargouri J, Sahli E, Mhadhbi N, Ghalla H, Rezgui F, Gargouri A, HadjKacem B. Antiplatelet activity and toxicity profile of novel phosphonium salts derived from Michael reaction. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106692. [PMID: 38181870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, five novel phosphonium salts derived from the Michael reaction were screened for their antiplatelet activity. Our findings revealed that compounds 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d significantly inhibit platelet aggregation triggered by ADP or collagen (P < 0.001). Notably, compound 2c inhibited the arachidonic acid pathway (P < 0.001). Moreover, the selected compounds reduce CD62-P expression and inhibit GPIIb/IIIa activation. The interactions of the active compounds with their targets, ADP and collagen receptors, P2Y12 and GPVI respectively were investigated in silico using molecular docking studies. The results revealed a strong affinity of the active compounds for P2Y12 and GPVI. Additionally, cytotoxicity assays on platelets, erythrocytes, and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells showed that compounds 2a, 2c and 2d were non-toxic even at high concentrations. In summary, our study shows that phosphonium salts can have strong antiplatelet power and suggests that compounds 2a, 2c and 2d could be promising antiplatelet agents for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Haffouz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eucaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Elleuch
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Campus, 2092, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Khemakhem
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, BP 1171, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ben Amor
- Laboratory of Hematology (LR19SP04), Medical Faculty of Sfax. University of Sfax, Magida Boulila Avenue, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jerbi
- Laboratory of Hematology (LR19SP04), Medical Faculty of Sfax. University of Sfax, Magida Boulila Avenue, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Gargouri
- Laboratory of Hematology (LR19SP04), Medical Faculty of Sfax. University of Sfax, Magida Boulila Avenue, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Sahli
- Analytical service provider unit, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Mhadhbi
- Laboratory Physico Chemistry of the Solid State, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Monastir, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Houcine Ghalla
- Quantum Physics and Statistic Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Rezgui
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Campus, 2092, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eucaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Basma HadjKacem
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eucaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia.
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Allende J, Olaizola I, Ochoa de Retana AM, Palacios F, de Los Santos JM. Diastereoselective ZnCl 2-Mediated Joullié-Ugi Three-Component Reaction for the Preparation of Phosphorylated N-Acylaziridines from 2 H-Azirines. Molecules 2024; 29:1023. [PMID: 38474535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We disclose a direct approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of phosphorus substituted N-acylaziridines based on a one-pot ZnCl2-catalyzed Joullié-Ugi three-component reaction of phosphorylated 2H-azirines, carboxylic acids and isocyanides. Hence, this robust protocol offers rapid access to an array of N-acylaziridines in moderate-to-good yields and up to 98:2 dr for substrates over a wide scope. The relevance of this synthetic methodology was achieved via a gram-scale reaction and the further derivatization of the nitrogen-containing three-membered heterocycle. The diastereo- and regioselective ring expansion of the obtained N-acylaziridines to oxazole derivatives was accomplished in the presence of BF3·OEt2 as an efficient Lewid acid catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julene Allende
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Iurre Olaizola
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ana M Ochoa de Retana
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jesús M de Los Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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Shablykin OV, Brovarets VS, Shablykina OV. Recyclization of 5-Amino- oxazoles as a Route to new Functionalized Heterocycles (Developments of V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine). CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300264. [PMID: 37882374 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The recyclizations of 5-amino- and 5-hydrazine-1,3-oxazoles mainly with electron-withdrawing group in 4th position are considered. The chemical behavior of these heterocycles is due to the presence of two hidden amide fragments; therefore, the recyclization processes include a stage of nucleophile attack on 2nd or 5th position of the oxazole cycle. When the nitrile group is present in 4th position, it is often involved in the recyclization forming α-aminoazoles. 5-Amino/hydrazine-1,3-oxazoles undergo recyclization both in nucleophilic (amines, hydrazine, thionating agents) and electrophilic medium ((trifluoro)acetic acid, other acylating agents). The numerous types of functionalized heterocycles can be easily obtained with the usage of these recyclizations, such as the derivatives of 3-amino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole, imidazolidine-2,4-dione, 1H-pyrazole-3,4,5-triamine, 5,6-diamino-2,3-diphenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one, 2-(2-R-7-oxo-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-6(7H)-yl)acetic acid, 2-R-4-(5-R'-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)oxazol-5-amine, (amino(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl)phosphonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh V Shablykin
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill str., 78, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr S Brovarets
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga V Shablykina
- Department of chemistry of bioactive nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str., 60, Kyiv, Ukraine
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