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Meng T, Xu Z, Wang HJ, Huang J, Wen JL, Huang MP, Zhou CY, Zhong JP. Mitochondria-localizing triphenylphosphine-8-hydroxyquinoline Ru complexes induce ferroptosis and their antitumor evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112585. [PMID: 38718498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes are one of the most promising anticancer drugs and ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death, the study on the effect of Ru complexes on ferroptosis is helpful to find more effective antitumor drugs. Here, the synthesis and characterization of two Ru complexes containing 8-hydroxylquinoline and triphenylphosphine as ligands, [Ru(L1) (PPh3)2Cl2] (Ru-1), [Ru(L2) (PPh3)2Cl2] (Ru-2), were reported. Complexes Ru-1 ∼ Ru-2 showed good anticancer activity in Hep-G2 cells. Researches indicated that complexes Ru-1 ∼ Ru-2 could be enriched and appear as red fluorescence in the mitochondria, arouse dysfunction of mitochondria, induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), while the morphology of nuclei and cell apoptosis had no significant change. Further experiments proved that GPX4 and Ferritin were down-regulated, which eventually triggered ferroptosis in Hep-G2 cells. Remarkably, Ru-1 showed high inhibitory activity against xenograft tumor growth in vivo (TGIR = 49%). This study shows that the complex Ru-1 could act as a novel drug candidate by triggering cell ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhong Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Han-Jie Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jia-Li Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Mei-Ping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Jing-Ping Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Levina A, Wardhani K, Stephens LJ, Werrett MV, Caporale C, Dallerba E, Blair VL, Massi M, Lay PA, Andrews PC. Neutral rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with sulfur-donor ligands: anti-proliferative activity and cellular localization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7866-7879. [PMID: 38632950 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes are widely studied for their cell imaging properties and anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities, but the complexes with S-donor ligands remain relatively unexplored. A series of six fac-[Re(NN)(CO)3(SR)] complexes, where (NN) is 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and RSH is a series of thiocarboxylic acid methyl esters, have been synthesized and characterized. Cellular uptake and anti-proliferative activities of these complexes in human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were generally lower than those of the previously described fac-[Re(NN)(CO)3(OH2)]+ complexes; however, one of the complexes, fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(SC(Ph)CH2C(O)OMe)] (3b), was active (IC50 ∼ 10 μM at 72 h treatment) in thiol-depleted MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, unlike fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(OH2)]+, this complex did not lose activity in the presence of extracellular glutathione. Taken together these properties show promise for further development of 3b and its analogues as potential anti-cancer drugs for co-treatment with thiol-depleting agents. Conversely, the stable and non-toxic complex, fac-[Re(bipy)(CO)3(SC(Me)C(O)OMe)] (1a), predominantly localized in the lysosomes of MDA-MB-231 cells, as shown by live cell confocal microscopy (λex = 405 nm, λem = 470-570 nm). It is strongly localized in a subset of lysosomes (25 μM Re, 4 h treatment), as shown by co-localization with a Lysotracker dye. Longer treatment times with 1a (25 μM Re for 48 h) resulted in partial migration of the probe into the mitochondria, as shown by co-localization with a Mitotracker dye. These properties make complex 1a an attractive target for further development as an organelle probe for multimodal imaging, including phosphorescence, carbonyl tag for vibrational spectroscopy, and Re tag for X-ray fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Liam J Stephens
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Melissa V Werrett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elena Dallerba
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Victoria L Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Yambulatov DS, Lutsenko IA, Baravikov DE, Dolgushin FM, Astaf’eva TV, Bekker OB, Nersisyan LG, Samvelyan MA, Ghochikyan TV, Kiskin MA, Eremenko IL, Ivanov VK. Synthesis, Structure, Biological Activity, and Luminescence Properties of a "Butterfly"-Type Silver Cluster with 3-Benzyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-thiol. Molecules 2023; 29:105. [PMID: 38202688 PMCID: PMC10779673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A new silver(I) cluster [Ag8L4(Py)(Pype)]·4Py·11H2O (I) with 3-benzyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-thiol (L) was synthesized via the direct reaction of AgNO3 and L in MeOH, followed by recrystallization from a pyridine-piperidine mixture. The compound I was isolated in a monocrystal form and its crystal structure was determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex forms a "butterfly" cluster with triazol-5-thioles. The purity of the silver complex and its stability in the solution was confirmed via NMR analysis. Excitation and emission of the free ligand and its silver complex were studied at room temperature for solid samples. The in vitro biological activity of the free ligand and its complex was studied in relation to the non-pathogenic Mycolicibacterium smegmatis strain. Complexation of the free ligand with silver increases the biological activity of the former by almost twenty times. For the newly obtained silver cluster, a bactericidal effect was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy S. Yambulatov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Irina A. Lutsenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Dmitry E. Baravikov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Fedor M. Dolgushin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Tatiana V. Astaf’eva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Olga B. Bekker
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina, 3, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Lusik G. Nersisyan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Yerevan State University, 1 A Manoukyan Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (L.G.N.); (M.A.S.); (T.V.G.)
| | - Melanya A. Samvelyan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Yerevan State University, 1 A Manoukyan Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (L.G.N.); (M.A.S.); (T.V.G.)
| | - Tariel V. Ghochikyan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Yerevan State University, 1 A Manoukyan Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (L.G.N.); (M.A.S.); (T.V.G.)
| | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Igor L. Eremenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (D.E.B.); (F.M.D.); (T.V.A.); (M.A.K.); (I.L.E.); (V.K.I.)
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