1
|
Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kandarakov OF, Demin AM, Popenko VI, Leonova OG, Kopantseva EE, Krasnov VP, Belyavsky AV. Factors Affecting the Labeling of NIH 3T3 Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Nejadnik H, Taghavi-Garmestani SM, Madsen SJ, Li K, Zanganeh S, Yang P, Mahmoudi M, Daldrup-Link HE. The Protein Corona around Nanoparticles Facilitates Stem Cell Labeling for Clinical MR Imaging. Radiology 2017; 286:938-947. [PMID: 29091749 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate if the formation of a protein corona around ferumoxytol nanoparticles can facilitate stem cell labeling for in vivo tracking with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods Ferumoxytol was incubated in media containing human serum (group 1), fetal bovine serum (group 2), StemPro medium (group 3), protamine (group 4), and protamine plus heparin (group 5). Formation of a protein corona was characterized by means of dynamic light scattering, ζ potential, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Iron uptake was evaluated with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-Prussian blue staining, lysosomal staining, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. To evaluate the effect of a protein corona on stem cell labeling, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were labeled with the above formulations, implanted into pig knee specimens, and investigated with T2-weighted fast spin-echo and multiecho spin-echo sequences on a 3.0-T MR imaging unit. Data in different groups were compared by using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Compared with bare nanoparticles, all experimental groups showed significantly increased negative ζ values (from -37 to less than -10; P = .008). Nanoparticles in groups 1-3 showed an increased size because of the formation of a protein corona. hMSCs labeled with group 1-5 media showed significantly shortened T2 relaxation times compared with unlabeled control cells (P = .0012). hMSCs labeled with group 3 and 5 media had the highest iron uptake after cells labeled with group 1 medium. After implantation into pig knees, hMSCs labeled with group 1 medium showed significantly shorter T2 relaxation times than hMSCs labeled with group 2-5 media (P = .0022). Conclusion The protein corona around ferumoxytol nanoparticles can facilitate stem cell labeling for clinical cell tracking with MR imaging. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nejadnik
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Seyed-Meghdad Taghavi-Garmestani
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Steven J Madsen
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Kai Li
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Saeid Zanganeh
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Phillip Yang
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aswendt M, Henn N, Michalk S, Schneider G, Steiner MS, Bissa U, Dose C, Hoehn M. Novel bimodal iron oxide particles for efficient tracking of human neural stem cells in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2499-512. [PMID: 26296195 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We validated novel bimodal iron oxide particles as substitute of ferumoxides for efficient labeling of human neural stem cells (NSCs). The dextrane-coated FeraTrack Direct (FTD)-Vio particles have additional far-red fluorophores for microscopic cell analysis. METHODS MR relaxometry, spectrophotometric iron determination and microscopy are used for characterization in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Efficient uptake is not transfection agent-dependent. FTD-Vio594 labeling had no influence on viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation capacity. It allows MRI-based tracking of engrafted NSCs in mouse brain up to 11 days, complemented by bioluminescence imaging of firefly luciferase expressed by the engrafted cells. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the FTD-Vio594 particles as safe and sensitive substitute of ferumoxides for longitudinal tracking of NSCs in preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Aswendt
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Henn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Michalk
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schneider
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark-Steven Steiner
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Ursula Bissa
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christian Dose
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Percuros BV, Enschede, Drienerlolaan 5-Zuidhorst, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adams CF, Rai A, Sneddon G, Yiu HH, Polyak B, Chari DM. Increasing magnetite contents of polymeric magnetic particles dramatically improves labeling of neural stem cell transplant populations. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
6
|
Wang X, Zhang H, Jing H, Cui L. Highly Efficient Labeling of Human Lung Cancer Cells Using Cationic Poly-l-lysine-Assisted Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2015; 7:374-384. [PMID: 30464985 PMCID: PMC6223914 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-015-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell labeling with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is increasingly a routine approach in the cell-based cancer treatment. However, cell labeling with magnetic IONPs and their leading effects on the biological properties of human lung carcinoma cells remain scarcely reported. Therefore, in the present study the magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (MNPs) were firstly synthesized and surface-modified with cationic poly-l-lysine (PLL) to construct the PLL-MNPs, which were then used to magnetically label human A549 lung cancer cells. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated with propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate double staining and standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-diphenyl-tetrazolium) bromide assay, and the cytoskeleton was immunocytochemically stained. The cell cycle of the PLL-MNP-labeled A549 lung cancer cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Apoptotic cells were fluorescently analyzed with nuclear-specific staining after the PLL-MNP labeling. The results showed that the constructed PLL-MNPs efficiently magnetically labeled A549 lung cancer cells and that, at low concentrations, labeling did not affect cellular viability, proliferation capability, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton in the treated cells was detected intact in comparison with the untreated counterparts. However, the results also showed that at high concentration (400 µg mL-1), the PLL-MNPs would slightly impair cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis and disrupt the cytoskeleton in the treated A549 lung cancer cells. Therefore, the present results indicated that the PLL-MNPs at adequate concentrations can be efficiently used for labeling A549 lung cancer cells and could be considered as a feasible approach for magnetic targeted anti-cancer drug/gene delivery, targeted diagnosis, and therapy in lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Jing
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuqing Cui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Modo M, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Nicholls F, Ling W, Wilhelm C, Debarge O, Gazeau F, Clement O. Considerations for the clinical use of contrast agents for cellular MRI in regenerative medicine. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 8:439-55. [PMID: 24375900 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in regenerative medicine are rapidly transforming healthcare. A cornerstone of regenerative medicine is the introduction of cells that were grown or manipulated in vitro. Key questions that arise after these cells are re-introduced are: whether these cells are localized in the appropriate site; whether cells survive; and whether these cells migrate. These questions predominantly relate to the safety of the therapeutic approach (i.e. tumorigenesis), but certain aspects can also influence the efficacy of the therapeutic approach (e.g. site of injection). The European Medicines Agency has indicated that suitable methods for stem cell tracking should be applied where these methods are available. We here discuss the European regulatory framework, as well as the scientific evidence, that should be considered to facilitate the potential clinical implementation of magnetic resonance imaging contrast media to track implanted/injected cells in human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Protein corona composition of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with various physico-chemical properties and coatings. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5020. [PMID: 24846348 PMCID: PMC5381372 DOI: 10.1038/srep05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their biocompatibility and unique magnetic properties, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles NPs (SPIONs) are recognized as some of the most prominent agents for theranostic applications. Thus, understanding the interaction of SPIONs with biological systems is important for their safe design and efficient applications. In this study, SPIONs were coated with 2 different polymers: polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVA) and dextran. The obtained NPs with different surface charges (positive, neutral, and negative) were used as a model study of the effect of surface charges and surface polymer materials on protein adsorption using a magnetic separator. We found that the PVA-coated SPIONs with negative and neutral surface charge adsorbed more serum proteins than the dextran-coated SPIONs, which resulted in higher blood circulation time for PVA-coated NPs than the dextran-coated ones. Highly abundant proteins such as serum albumin, serotransferrin, prothrombin, alpha-fetoprotein, and kininogen-1 were commonly found on both PVA- and dextran-coated SPIONs. By increasing the ionic strength, soft- and hard-corona proteins were observed on 3 types of PVA-SPIONs. However, the tightly bound proteins were observed only on negatively charged PVA-coated SPIONs after the strong protein elution.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ketkar-Atre A, Struys T, Soenen SJ, Lambrichts I, Verfaillie CM, De Cuyper M, Himmelreich U. Variability in contrast agent uptake by different but similar stem cell types. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4577-91. [PMID: 24399873 PMCID: PMC3876490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to track and evaluate the fate of transplanted cells is an important issue in regenerative medicine. In order to accomplish this, pre-labelling cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents is a well-established method. Uptake of MRI contrast agents by non-phagocytic stem cells, and factors such as cell homeostasis or the adverse effects of contrast agents on cell biology have been extensively studied, but in the context of nanoparticle (NP)-specific parameters. Here, we have studied three different types of NPs (Endorem®, magnetoliposomes [MLs], and citrate coated C-200) to label relatively larger, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and, much smaller yet faster proliferating, multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs). Both cell types are similar, as they are isolated from bone marrow and have substantial regenerative potential, which make them interesting candidates for comparative experiments. Using NPs with different surface coatings and sizes, we found that differences in the proliferative and morphological characteristics of the cells used in the study are mainly responsible for the fate of endocytosed iron, intracellular iron concentration, and cytotoxic responses. The quantitative analysis, using high-resolution electron microscopy images, demonstrated a strong relationship between cell volume/surface, uptake, and cytotoxicity. Interestingly, uptake and toxicity trends are reversed if intracellular concentrations, and not amounts, are considered. This indicates that more attention should be paid to cellular parameters such as cell size and proliferation rate in comparative cell-labeling studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Ketkar-Atre
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Struys
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Lab of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Lab for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Lab of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Interdepartmental Stem Cell Institute, O&N IV, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel De Cuyper
- Laboratory of BioNanoColloids, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|