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Hassan MS, Awasthi N, Ponna S, von Holzen U. Nab-Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers-Improvements in Clinical Efficacy and Safety. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2000. [PMID: 37509639 PMCID: PMC10377238 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are one of the most useful classes of anticancer drugs. Taxanes are highly hydrophobic; therefore, these drugs must be dissolved in organic solvents (polysorbate or Cremophor EL), which contribute to their toxicities. To reduce this toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, novel formulations have been developed. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is an albumin-stabilized, Cremophor-free, and water-soluble nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel. Nab-paclitaxel has better solubility and less infusion-associated toxicity compared to solvent-based paclitaxel. Additionally, nab-paclitaxel can be given at higher doses and concentrations compared with solvent-based paclitaxel. Based on its superior clinical efficacy and safety profile, nab-paclitaxel received FDA approval for metastatic breast cancer (2008) and NSCLC (2011). Among gastrointestinal cancers, it is now approved in the USA for treating patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas as first-line therapy in combination with gemcitabine. Furthermore, several clinical trials have suggested the potential efficacy of nab-paclitaxel as a single agent or in combination with other agents for the treatment of metastatic esophageal, gastric, bowel, and biliary tract cancers. Nab-paclitaxel has been demonstrated to have greater overall response rates (ORR) with enhanced progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and a superior safety profile with fewer adverse effects in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers. This review summarizes the advantages associated with nab-paclitaxel-based regimens in terms of improving clinical efficacy and the safety profile in upper gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sazzad Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Saisantosh Ponna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN 46526, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Basel School of Medicine, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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Kawish S, Hasan N, Beg S, Qadir A, Jain GK, Aqil M, Ahmad FJ. Docetaxel-loaded borage seed oil nanoemulsion with improved antitumor activity for solid tumor treatment: Formulation development, in vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Vena F, Bayle S, Nieto A, Quereda V, Aceti M, Frydman SM, Sansil SS, Grant W, Monastyrskyi A, McDonald P, Roush WR, Teng M, Duckett D. Targeting Casein Kinase 1 Delta Sensitizes Pancreatic and Bladder Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine Treatment by Upregulating Deoxycytidine Kinase. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1623-1635. [PMID: 32430484 PMCID: PMC7415672 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine is the cornerstone of care for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), patients lack durable responses and relapse is inevitable. While the underlying mechanisms leading to gemcitabine resistance are likely to be multifactorial, there is a strong association between activating gemcitabine metabolism pathways and clinical outcome. This study evaluated casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) as a potential therapeutic target for PDA and bladder cancer, in which CK1δ is frequently overexpressed. We assessed the antitumor effects of genetically silencing or pharmacologically inhibiting CK1δ using our in-house CK1δ small-molecule inhibitor SR-3029, either alone or in combination with gemcitabine, on the proliferation and survival of pancreatic and bladder cancer cell lines and orthotopic mouse models. Genetic studies confirmed that silencing CK1δ or treatment with SR-3029 induced a significant upregulation of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), a rate-limiting enzyme in gemcitabine metabolite activation. The combination of SR-3029 with gemcitabine induced synergistic antiproliferative activity and enhanced apoptosis in both pancreatic and bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor model, we observed improved efficacy with combination treatment concomitant with increased dCK expression. This study demonstrates that CK1δ plays a role in gemcitabine metabolism, and that the combination of CK1δ inhibition with gemcitabine holds promise as a future therapeutic option for metastatic PDA as well as other cancers with upregulated CK1δ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vena
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Simon Bayle
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ainhoa Nieto
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Sylvia M Frydman
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Samer S Sansil
- Translational Research Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Mingxiang Teng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Derek Duckett
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
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Tekchandani P, Kurmi BD, Paliwal R, Paliwal SR. Galactosylated TPGS Micelles for Docetaxel Targeting to Hepatic Carcinoma: Development, Characterization, and Biodistribution Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:174. [PMID: 32548786 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a foremost type of cancer problem in which asialoglycoprotein receptors are overexpressed. In this study, asialoglycoprotein receptor-targeted nanoformulation (galactose-conjugated TPGS micelles) loaded with docetaxel (DTX) was developed to achieve its site-specific delivery for HCC therapy. The pharmaceutical characteristics like shape morphology, average particle size and zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release kinetics of developed system were evaluated. DTX-loaded galactosylated TPGS (DTX-TPGS-Gal) micelles and TPGS micelles (DTX-TPGS) were having 58.76 ± 1.82% and 54.76 ± 1.42% entrapment of the DTX, respectively. In vitro drug release behavior from micelles was controlled release. Cytotoxicitiy (IC50) of DTX-TPGS-Gal formulation on HepG2 cell lines was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) lower (6.3 ± 0.86 μg/ml) than DTX-TPGS (9.06 ± 0.82 μg/ml) and plain DTX (16.06 ± 0.98 μg/ml) indicating higher efficacy of targeted formulation. Further, in vivo biodistribution studies in animal model showed maximum drug accumulation at target site, i.e., the liver in the case of DTX-TPGS-Gal as compared with non-targeted one. It is concluded from the findings that TPGS-Gal micelles can be utilized for targeted drug delivery of cytotoxic drugs towards HCC with minimized side effects. Graphical abstract.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated how well phase II trials in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer (LAMPC) meet current recommendations for trial design. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of phase II first-line treatment trial for LAMPC. We assessed baseline characteristics, type of comparison, and primary end point to examine adherence to the National Cancer Institute recommendations for trial design. RESULTS We identified 148 studies (180 treatment arms, 7505 participants). Forty-seven (32%) studies adhered to none of the 5 evaluated National Cancer Institute recommendations, 62 (42%) followed 1, 31 (21%) followed 2, and 8 (5%) followed 3 recommendations. Studies varied with respect to the proportion of patients with good performance status (range, 0%-80%) and locally advanced disease (range, 14%-100%). Eighty-two (55%) studies concluded that investigational agents should progress to phase III testing; of these, 24 (16%) had documented phase III trials. Three (8%) phase III trials demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements for investigational agents. One of 38 phase II trials that investigated biological investigational agents was enriched for a biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Phase II trials do not conform well to current recommendations for trial design in LAMPC.
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Tajima H, Okazaki M, Yamaguchi T, Ohbatake Y, Okamoto K, Nakanuma S, Terai S, Sakai S, Kinoshita J, Makino I, Nakamura K, Hayashi H, Oyama K, Inokuchi M, Miyashita T, Takamura H, Ninomiya I, Fushida S, Ohta T. Phase I study of third-line palliative chemotherapy with low dose paclitaxel for pancreatic cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:623-627. [PMID: 29556385 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancers is very poor. Prior to development of nab-paclitaxel (PTX) plus gemcitabine (GEM) therapy and FOLFIRINOX therapy, there was no recommended third-line chemotherapy after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and GEM-based regimens. The present study conducted a Phase I clinical trial of weekly low-dose PTX as a third-line palliative chemotherapy for patients with pancreatic cancer. PTX was administered on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle, repeated twice as follows: Level 1, 40 mg/m2 (n=6); Level 2, 50 mg/m2 (n=4). During the two cycles, three patients developed Grade 3 neutropenia in level 2; thus, the recommended dose was defined as 40 mg/m2. The disease control rate was 40.0% (stable disease, n=4). Median time to treatment failure of the four patients with stable disease was 5.5 months. In conclusion, palliative chemotherapy with low-dose PTX after failure of GEM and 5-FU is well tolerated and safe for unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer patients. The unique ID issues by UMIN: 000008148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Ohbatake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shiro Terai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seisho Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Tajima H, Ohta T, Shinbashi H, Hirose A, Okazaki M, Yamaguchi T, Ohbatake Y, Okamoto K, Nakanuma S, Sakai S, Kinoshita J, Makino I, Nakamura K, Hayashi H, Oyama K, Inokuchi M, Miyashita T, Takamura H, Ninomiya I, Fushida S, Nakamura H. Phase I study of weekly palliative chemotherapy with low-dose third-line paclitaxel for biliary tract cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:753-757. [PMID: 28529750 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with unresectable and recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC) is very poor. Although gemcitabine (GEM) plus cisplatin therapy is useful for unresectable cases, the median overall survival (OS) of the patients is <1 year, and third-line chemotherapy following failure of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and GEM plus cisplatin is currently unavailable. The clinical efficacy and basic effects of low-dose paclitaxel (PTX) therapy for patients with BTC was previously reported. We herein present the results of a phase I clinical trial of weekly low-dose PTX as third-line palliative chemotherapy. PTX was administered on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each cycle and repeated twice as follows: Level 1, 40 mg/m2; level 2, 50 mg/m2 (n=3). During the two cycles, grade 1 or 2 adverse events were observed in 3 patients, whereas dose-limiting adverse events (grade 3 or 4) were not observed. The disease control rate was 83.3% (partial response, n=3; stable disease, n=2). The OS and median survival were 15.4 and 9.0 months, respectively. In conclusion, palliative chemotherapy with low-dose PTX following failure of GEM and 5-FU was well-tolerated, safe and effective for patients with unresectable or recurrent BTCs, and the optimal dose was 50 mg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shinbashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirose
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Ohbatake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seisho Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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Liang Z, Yang N, Jiang Y, Hou C, Zheng J, Shi J, Zhang R, Li D, Liu Y, Zuo P. Targeting docetaxel-PLA nanoparticles simultaneously inhibit tumor growth and liver metastases of small cell lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:337-45. [PMID: 26299762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most malignant cancers in the world and 5-year survival rate has not been significantly improved with conventional chemotherapy. Targeting treatment may be a promising alternative to enhance the antitumor efficacy. Present study was aimed at establishing a targeting nanodrug delivery system for SCLC therapy. A targeting peptide (AHSGMYP, named AP), screened in H446 cells by phage display technology, was conjugated to the docetaxel (DTX) encapsulated polylactic acid nanoparticles (DN) to prepare the targeting DTX nanoparticles (AP-DN). Cell cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, therapeutic efficacy and biodistribution of AP-DN were investigated in vitro and in vivo experiment. The mean particle size of AP-DN was 260 nm with encapsulation efficiency >94% and a sustained release profile. Cytotoxicity of AP-DN against H446 cell was superior to that of DTX and DN. AP-DN exhibited excellent antitumor efficacy and particularly effectively inhibited the liver metastases with better tolerance. Results of cellular uptake and biodistribution indicated that the excellent antitumor efficacy of AP-DN was attributed to both the increased accumulation of drug and cellular uptake. To our knowledge, this is the first report on establishing SCLC targeting delivery system which offers a potential therapeutic alterative for SCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China.
| | - Pingping Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China.
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20-(s)-ginsenoside Rg3 induces apoptotic cell death in human leukemic U937 and HL-60 cells through PI3K/Akt pathways. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 25:1072-80. [PMID: 25035959 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is currently one of the most deadly diseases. Ginseng has been used in Asian countries for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, including leukemia, but the molecular mechanism of its antileukemia activity has not been well defined. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of 20-(s)-ginsenoside Rg3 on apoptosis in human leukemic U937 and HL-60 cells and the underlying mechanism. We found that 20-(s)-ginsenoside Rg3 reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in U937 and HL-60 cells. The induction of apoptosis was accompanied by the downregulation of PI3K/Akt family proteins. Moreover, we observed that 20-(s)-ginsenoside Rg3 treatment resulted in activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Taken together, our findings suggest for the first time that 20-(s)-ginsenoside Rg3 can promote apoptosis in U937 and HL-60 cells, at least partly through the downregulation of PI3K/Akt family proteins. Moreover, the triggering of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation mediated apoptotic induction. All these findings collectively demonstrate that the natural compound 20-(s)-ginsenoside Rg3 effectively induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells, which suggests that this compound may play a role in future therapies for leukemia.
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Al-Hajeili M, Azmi AS, Choi M. Nab-paclitaxel: potential for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:187-92. [PMID: 24523592 PMCID: PMC3921002 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s40705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a deadly disease and is considered incurable. For the past two decades, gemcitabine remained the major chemotherapeutic drug with modest clinical benefit. Many chemotherapy and targeted agents were combined with gemcitabine but failed to demonstrate improvement in pancreatic cancer (PC) survival. Taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel) were introduced in the clinic as anti-microtubule agents and showed activity against PC cells in vitro; however, clinical efficacy was limited. Nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) is an albumin-bound paclitaxel that has shown clinical activity in advanced breast and lung cancer. Recently, nab-paclitaxel was tested in a large Phase III clinical trial in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of advanced PC. The data showed that the addition of nab-paclitaxel improved the response rate (7% in gemcitabine alone versus 23% in combination), progression-free survival (from 3.7 months to 5.5 months), and overall survival from 6.7 months to 8.5 months, compared to single agent gemcitabine. Through this review, we provide the preclinical and clinical progress in the development of nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Al-Hajeili
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Minsig Choi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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11
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Study and evaluation of mechanisms of dual targeting drug delivery system with tumor microenvironment assays compared with normal assays. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:858-67. [PMID: 24239900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual targeting delivery system was developed to completely conquer the two barriers that glioma treatment faces: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the brain-glioma barrier. Recently, a system comprising AS1411 aptamer (for glioma targeting) and TGN peptide (for BBB targeting) modified nanoparticles (AsTNPs) was developed, which can effectively target brain glioma and improve the survival of glioma-bearing mice. However, the in vitro models currently used are far too different from the in vivo tumor microenvironment that the glioma targeting delivery system actually faces. In this study, the pharmacology mechanisms of AsTNPs were explored in several models that imitated the tumor microenvironment. AsTNPs can be selectively taken up by endothelial and glioma cells, effectively penetrating the BBB and brain-glioma barriers to reach glioma cells and display their anti-glioma effect. The cell monolayers, tumor spheroids and coculture systems were more suitable in vitro models for the pharmacology evaluation of targeted drug delivery systems.
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12
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He AR, Marshall JL. Clinical experiences with G17DT in gastrointestinal malignancies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:487-92. [PMID: 16613537 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.4.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of new agents for the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies is increasing in pace and importance. The discovery of novel targets, namely the epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor, have sparked an explosion of new agents being tested in gastrointestinal malignancies. Clearly, novel agents and approaches are required. G17DT is a novel immunoconjugate designed to elicit a humoral response against the N-terminal end of G17 gastrin. In this overview, the authors summarize the clinical research focused on gastrointestinal tract cancers to date. In total, there is a clear signal of efficacy with this compound, although further testing is required in order for this efficacy to be demonstrated in a manner that will support regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwu R He
- Vincent T Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Podium Level, Corridor B, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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13
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Ma WW, Hidalgo M. The winning formulation: the development of paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5572-9. [PMID: 23918602 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel has wide application in anticancer therapy but was never considered an efficacious agent in pancreatic cancer. A review of the experience with the Cremaphor formulation hinted at paclitaxel's activity in pancreatic cancer, but the early development was hampered by significant toxicities such as neutropenia and infection at clinically tolerable doses. However, such efficacy was confirmed in the recently completed phase III Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Clinical Trial (MPACT), in which the addition of nab-paclitaxel to gemcitabine significantly improved the survival of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Several other Cremaphor-free formulations of paclitaxel had also been evaluated in pancreatic cancer, and the reasons for the success of the albumin nanoparticulate are examined here. In the era of biologic and molecularly targeted agents, the success of nab-paclitaxel in recalcitrant pancreatic cancer is a timely reminder of the importance and relevance of pharmacology and novel drug delivery technology in the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wee Ma
- Authors' Affiliations: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas and Hospital de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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TAJIMA HIDEHIRO, OHTA TETSUO, SHINBASHI HIROYUKI, HIROSE ATSUSHI, TSUKADA TOMOYA, OKAMOTO KOICHI, NAKANUMA SHINICHI, SAKAI SEISHO, FURUKAWA HIROYUKI, MAKINO ISAMU, NAKAMURA KEISHI, HAYASHI HIRONORI, OYAMA KATSUNOBU, INOKUCHI MASAFUMI, NAKAGAWARA HISATOSHI, MIYASHITA TOMOHARU, FUJITA HIDETO, TAKAMURA HIROYUKI, NINOMIYA ITASU, KITAGAWA HIROHISA, FUSHIDA SACHIO, FUJIMURA TAKASHI, MOURI HISATSUGU, OHTSUBO KOUSHIRO. Successful treatment of unresectable gallbladder cancer with low-dose paclitaxel as palliative chemotherapy after failure of gemcitabine and oral S-1: A case report. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:1281-1284. [PMID: 23226802 PMCID: PMC3506779 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old female with metastatic gallbladder cancer involving the liver and stenosis of the hilar bile duct was treated with gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2)) plus S-1 (60 mg/m(2)). After 9 cycles of therapy, CT showed evidence of stable disease; however, the serum CEA level was increased. Therefore, the chemotherapy regimen was changed to weekly low-dose paclitaxel (60 mg/m(2)). After 12 cycles of therapy, paclitaxel was reduced to 30 mg/m(2) as the patient developed neutropenia. The patient completed 32 cycles of therapy, and the tumor was reduced in size and marked improvement in bile duct stenosis was noted without any impairment in quality of life. The patient succumbed to the disease 25 months after treatment was initiated. Thus, in this case paclitaxel was more effective than gemcitabine plus S-1. Palliative chemotherapy with paclitaxel after failure of gemcitabine and 5-FU was well-tolerated; therefore, it may be an effective treatment for biliary tract cancer (BTC). A phase I study of palliative chemotherapy with weekly low-dose paclitaxel following gemcitabine (plus cisplatin) and 5-FU is currently in progress in patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- HIDEHIRO TAJIMA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - TETSUO OHTA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HIROYUKI SHINBASHI
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - ATSUSHI HIROSE
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - TOMOYA TSUKADA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - KOICHI OKAMOTO
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - SHINICHI NAKANUMA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - SEISHO SAKAI
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HIROYUKI FURUKAWA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - ISAMU MAKINO
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - KEISHI NAKAMURA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HIRONORI HAYASHI
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - KATSUNOBU OYAMA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - MASAFUMI INOKUCHI
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HISATOSHI NAKAGAWARA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - TOMOHARU MIYASHITA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HIDETO FUJITA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HIROYUKI TAKAMURA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - ITASU NINOMIYA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HIROHISA KITAGAWA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - SACHIO FUSHIDA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - TAKASHI FUJIMURA
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - HISATSUGU MOURI
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University,
Japan
| | - KOUSHIRO OHTSUBO
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University,
Japan
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15
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Yang LQ, Wang B, Gan H, Fu ST, Zhu XX, Wu ZN, Zhan DW, Gu RL, Dou GF, Meng ZY. Enhanced oral bioavailability and anti-tumour effect of paclitaxel by 20(s)-ginsenoside Rg3in vivo. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 33:425-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Haematological Pharmacology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; 27 Taiping Road; Beijing; 100850; PR China
| | - Hui Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Haematological Pharmacology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; 27 Taiping Road; Beijing; 100850; PR China
| | - Shou-Ting Fu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Smooth Muscle; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; 103 Wenhau Road; Shenyang; 110016; China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Haematological Pharmacology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; 27 Taiping Road; Beijing; 100850; PR China
| | - Zhuo-Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Haematological Pharmacology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; 27 Taiping Road; Beijing; 100850; PR China
| | - Da-Wei Zhan
- Department of Experimental Animal; 304 Hospital of PLA; Beijing; 100048; PR China
| | - Ruo-Lan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Haematological Pharmacology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; 27 Taiping Road; Beijing; 100850; PR China
| | - Gui-Fang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Haematological Pharmacology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; 27 Taiping Road; Beijing; 100850; PR China
| | - Zhi-Yun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Haematological Pharmacology; Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine; 27 Taiping Road; Beijing; 100850; PR China
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16
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Belli C, Cereda S, Reni M. Role of taxanes in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:4457-65. [PMID: 22969215 PMCID: PMC3435767 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i33.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancers and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Single agent gemcitabine, despite its limited activity and modest impact on disease outcome, is considered as the standard therapy in pancreatic cancer. Most of the combination regimens used in the treatment of this disease, also including the targeted agents, did not improve the outcome of patients. Also, taxanes have been tested as single agent and in combination chemotherapy, both in first line and as salvage chemotherapy, as another possible option for treating pancreatic cancer. The inclusion of taxanes in combination with gemcitabine as upfront therapy obtained promising results. Accordingly, taxanes, and above all, new generation taxanes, appear to be suitable candidates for further testing to assess their role against pancreatic cancer in various clinical settings.
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17
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Frese KK, Neesse A, Cook N, Bapiro TE, Lolkema MP, Jodrell DI, Tuveson DA. nab-Paclitaxel potentiates gemcitabine activity by reducing cytidine deaminase levels in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:260-269. [PMID: 22585996 PMCID: PMC4866937 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel, an albumin-stabilized paclitaxel formulation, demonstrates clinical activity when administered in combination with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). The limited availability of patient tissue and exquisite sensitivity of xenografts to chemotherapeutics have limited our ability to address the mechanistic basis of this treatment regimen. Here, we used a mouse model of PDA to show that the coadministration of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine uniquely demonstrates evidence of tumor regression. Combination treatment increases intratumoral gemcitabine levels attributable to a marked decrease in the primary gemcitabine metabolizing enzyme, cytidine deaminase. Correspondingly, paclitaxel reduced the levels of cytidine deaminase protein in cultured cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated degradation, resulting in the increased stabilization of gemcitabine. Our findings support the concept that suboptimal intratumoral concentrations of gemcitabine represent a crucial mechanism of therapeutic resistance in PDA and highlight the advantages of genetically engineered mouse models in preclinical therapeutic trials. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides mechanistic insight into the clinical cooperation observed between gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher K. Frese
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstr, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Cook
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tashinga E. Bapiro
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martijn P. Lolkema
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan I. Jodrell
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Gaoe H, Pang Z, Pan S, Cao S, Yang Z, Chen C, Jiang X. Anti-glioma effect and safety of docetaxel-loaded nanoemulsion. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:333-41. [PMID: 22370788 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel, an inhibitor of microtubule depolymerization, has been used for many malignancies. Due to its toxicity and the non-selective distribution of its commercial formulation, Taxotere®, new formulations with less toxicity and tumor targeting need to be explored. For its safety and ease of factory scale production, nanoemulsion, was selected to encapsulate docetaxel. The particle size of docetaxel loaded nanoemulsion (DNE) was 72.3 nm, the average zeta potential was -6.38 mV, the encapsulation efficiency was 93.1% and the drug loading capacity was 2.87%. Although DNE presented similar antiproliferation effects on both U87 cells and bEnd.3 cells, its in vivo toxicity was significantly lower than Taxotere®. In vivo fluorescent imaging suggested nanoemulsions loaded with a fluorescent probe could distribute to the brain and accumulate at the glioma site. The pharmacological experiments also confirmed that the DNE could target glioma sites and prolong the median survival time of mice with gliomas. In conclusion, DNE is a new, less toxic, drug formulation that is effective for brain glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huil Gaoe
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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19
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Zhao M, Tominaga Y, Ohuchida K, Mizumoto K, Cui L, Kozono S, Fujita H, Maeyama R, Toma H, Tanaka M. Significance of combination therapy of zoledronic acid and gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:58-66. [PMID: 21954965 PMCID: PMC11164147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of combination therapy with zoledronic acid (ZOL) and gemcitabine (GEM) on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Four human pancreatic cancer cell lines were treated with ZOL, GEM or a combination of both, and the effects of the respective drug regimens on cell proliferation, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression were examined. A pancreatic cancer cell line was also intrasplenically or orthotopically implanted into athymic mice and the effects of these drugs on tumor metastasis and growth in vivo were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Combination treatment with low doses of ZOL and GEM efficiently inhibited the proliferation (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001) of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Western blotting assay revealed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels were decreased after ZOL treatment. In vivo, combined treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.05) and the development of liver metastasis (P < 0.05). These data revealed that ZOL and GEM, when used in combination, have significant antitumor, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects on pancreatic cancer cells. The present study is the first to report the significance of the combination treatment of ZOL and GEM in pancreatic cancer using an in vivo model. These data are promising for the future application of this drug regimen in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Binder D, Hübner RH, Temmesfeld-Wollbrück B, Schlattmann P. Pulmonary toxicity among cancer patients treated with a combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:1575-83. [PMID: 21547571 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine was tested in several studies in patients with lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers and other tumor entities. Some studies reported cases of severe or even fatal pulmonary toxicity that led to early termination of some trials. We created a meta-analysis model of published studies to identify explanatory factors for docetaxel-gemcitabine-dependent pulmonary toxicity. METHODS We searched MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Clinical Trials database for prospective full-text studies that used a schedule of docetaxel and gemcitabine to treat a malignant disease. We performed a meta-analysis for proportions using the arcsine transformation and a meta-regression using a generalized linear mixed model based on a binomial distribution and a logit link. RESULTS We included 103 trials with 113 treatment arms comprising 5,065 patients (major entities included non-small cell lung cancer (n = 2,550), breast cancer (n = 1,119), pancreatic cancer (n = 466), and urothelial cancer (n = 161)). For the incidence of severe lung toxicity (common toxicity criteria [CTC] grades 3-5), we found a combined estimate of 2.70% (95% CI 2.26, 3.14). The estimate for the proportion of fatal cases was 0.35% (95% CI 0.21, 0.58). We found that the sequence of the chemotherapy schedule had no influence on the incidence of severe pulmonary adverse events (F-test F = 0.65, df = 3,113, P = 0.58) nor did the study phase, treatment line or ethnicity of the participants. We found that patients with breast cancer, compared to lung cancer patients, developed severe lung toxicity less frequently (OR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.09, 0.36)). CONCLUSION We could not demonstrate that a particular chemotherapy sequence of docetaxel-gemcitabine is associated with excess pulmonary toxicity. Patients with lung cancer are at a higher risk for severe pulmonary side effects with docetaxel-gemcitabine than are patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Trouilloud I, Dubreuil O, Boussaha T, Lepère C, Landi B, Zaanan A, Bachet JB, Taieb J. Medical treatment of pancreatic cancer: new hopes after 10 years of gemcitabine. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:364-74. [PMID: 21435966 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis. R0 resection of the tumor is to date the only potentially curative approach, but less than 20% of patients are eligible for a curative surgery at diagnosis. Until recently, gemcitabine was the standard treatment for advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer patients, since it was shown more than a decade ago to induce clinical benefit and to improve survival when compared to weekly bolus 5-fluorouracil. In order to improve patients' outcome many trials have, during the last 10 years, explored the pharmacokinetic modulation of gemcitabine and combination therapies with gemcitabine and other anti-cancer agents with consistent negative results. It is finally a trial assessing the efficacy of a combination chemotherapy without gemcitabine: the FOLFIRINOX regimen, reported this year, that has shown for the first time a significant improvement in progression free and overall survivals. In parallel, many trials testing new targeted agents in these patients are currently ongoing. After 10 years without significant progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients, the hope that a significant improvement in the outcome of these patients can be achieved has been raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Trouilloud
- Service d'oncologie digestive, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, université Paris V, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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22
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Chiorean EG, Dragovich T, Hamm J, Barrios CH, Gorini CF, Langmuir VK, Kroll S, Jung DT, Tidmarsh GT, Loehrer PJ. A phase 2 trial of glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2010; 33:111-6. [PMID: 19687729 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e3181979204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A dose-escalation study of glufosfamide plus gemcitabine showed that the combination could be administered safely at full doses. The purpose of this phase II study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination in chemotherapy-naive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Eligible patients had metastatic and/or locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Karnofsky performance status >or=70, creatinine clearance (CrCL) >or=60 mL/min, and acceptable organ function. Patients received glufosfamide 4500 mg/m intravenous on day 1 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m intravenous on Days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle. The primary end point was response rate. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were enrolled; 14 male, median age 58 years. Twenty-three (79%) patients had distant metastases. Median cycles on treatment was 4 (range: 1-18+). Of 28, 5 (18%; 95% CI: 6%-37%) patients had a confirmed partial response (median duration: 8.4 months) and 1 had an unconfirmed partial response. Eleven patients (39%) had stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 3.7 months, median overall survival was 6 months, and 1-year survival was 32%. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 23 (79%) patients and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 10 (34%) patients. The CrCL fell below 60 mL/min in 10 of 27 (37%) patients. Renal failure occurred in 4 patients. Decrease in CrCL was correlated with glufosfamide and isophosphoramide mustard pharmacokinetic area under the curve. CONCLUSIONS The combination of glufosfamide plus gemcitabine is active in pancreatic cancer; however, hematologic and renal toxicity were pronounced. Alternative dosing of glufosfamide plus gemcitabine should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Chiorean
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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23
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Bayraktar S, Bayraktar UD, Rocha-Lima CM. Recent developments in palliative chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic pancreas cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:673-82. [PMID: 20135714 PMCID: PMC2817054 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i6.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of advances made in the management of the other more common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, significant progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains elusive. Nearly as many deaths occur from pancreatic cancer as are diagnosed each year reflecting the poor prognosis typically associated with this disease. Until recently, the only treatment with an impact on survival was surgery. In the palliative setting, gemcitabine (Gem) has been a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer since it was shown a decade ago to result in a superior clinical benefit response and survival compared with bolus 5-fluorouracil. Since then, clinical trials have explored the pharmacokinetic modulation of Gem by fixed dose administration and the combination of Gem with other cytotoxic or the biologically "targeted" agents. However, promising trial results in small phase II trials have not translated into survival improvements in larger phase III randomized trials in the advanced disease setting. Two trials have recently reported modest survival improvements with the use of combination treatment with Gem and capecitabine (United Kingdom National Cancer Research GEMCAP trial) or erlotinib (National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group PA.3 trial). This review will focus on the use of systemic therapy for advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer, summarizing the results of several recent clinical trials and discuss their implications for clinical practice. We will also discuss briefly the second-line chemotherapy options for advanced pancreatic cancer.
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24
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Lee SY, Cho JS, Yuk DY, Moon DC, Jung JK, Yoo HS, Lee YM, Han SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Obovatol enhances docetaxel-induced prostate and colon cancer cell death through inactivation of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 111:124-36. [PMID: 19834284 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09048fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is constitutively activated in prostate and colon cancers and is related with the resistance of cancer cells against chemotherapeutics. Previously, we found that obovatol, an active compound isolated from Magnolia obovata, inhibited cancer cell growth through inhibition of NF-kappaB activity. We investigated here whether obovatol could sensitize cancer cells against docetaxel through inhibition of NF-kappaB activity in prostate cancer (LNCaP and PC-3) and colon cancer (SW620 and HCT116) cells. The combination treatment with each drug at one half the respective IC(50) dose (5 microM obovatol + 5 nM docetaxel) was more effective and significant (60%-70%) in the inhibition of cancer cell growth than single treatment by each drug (20%-40%); inhibition was exerted through a significant increase of apoptosis induction (60%-80%) by the combination treatment compared to the single treatment (10%-30%). Correlating well with the synergistic inhibition (combination indices are less than 1 in all cell types), the combination significantly inhibited NF-kappaB activities as well as expression of NF-kappaB target apoptotic cell death proteins, but decreased anti-apoptotic cell death proteins. Similar combination effects of obovatol with other chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, cisplatin, and doxorubicin) on the inhibition of cell growth and NF-kappaB activity were also found. These results indicate that obovatol augments cell growth inhibition by chemotherapeutics through inactivation of NF-kappaB and suggest that obovatol may have therapeutic advantages in the combination treatment with other chemotherapeutics. [Supplementary Figure: available only at http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.09048FP].
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, South Korea
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25
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Kim SM, Lee SY, Cho JS, Son SM, Choi SS, Yun YP, Yoo HS, Yoon DY, Oh KW, Han SB, Hong JT. Combination of ginsenoside Rg3 with docetaxel enhances the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells via inhibition of NF-kappaB. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 631:1-9. [PMID: 20056115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 has been a subject of interest for use as a cancer preventive or therapeutic agent. Nuclear factor-kappa (NF-kappaB) is constitutively activated in prostate cancer, and gives cancer cells resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. To investigate whether Rg3 can suppress the activation of NF-kappaB, and thus increase susceptibility of prostate (LNCaP and PC-3, DU145) cells against chemotherapeutics, prostate cancer cell growth as well as activation of NF-kappaB was examined. We found that a combination treatment of Rg3 (50 microM) with a conventional agent docetaxel (5 nM) was more effective in the inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis as well as G(0)/G(1) arrest accompanied with the significant inhibition of NF-kappaB activity than those by treatment of Rg3 or docetaxel alone. It was also found that NF-kappaB target gene expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 was much more significantly enhanced, but the expression of Bcl-2, inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP-1) and X chromosome IAP (XIAP), and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin B, D1 and E, and cyclin dependent kinases 2 and 4 was also much more significantly inhibited by the combination treatment. The combination of Rg3 (50 microM) with cisplatin (10 microM) and doxorubicin (2 microM) was also more effective in the inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth and NF-kappaB activity than those by the treatment of Rg3 or chemotherapeutics alone. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits NF-kappaB, and enhances the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and other chemotherapeutics. Thus, ginsenoside Rg3 could be useful as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 48, Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Ban JO, Cho JS, Hwang IG, Noh JW, Kim WJ, Lee US, Moon DC, Jeong HS, Lee HS, Hwang BY, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT. Anti-Cancer Effect of the Combination of Thiacremonone and Docetaxel by Inactivation of NF-κB in Human Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.4.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Xu Z, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Chen L, Lin L, Li Y. The characteristics and performance of a multifunctional nanoassembly system for the co-delivery of docetaxel and iSur-pDNA in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model. Biomaterials 2009; 31:916-22. [PMID: 19846217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most causes of cancer-related death and is well known because of resistant to chemotherapeutic drug. Co-delivery of antitumor agent docetaxel and iSur-pDNA, a suppressor of metastatic and resistance-related protein survivin, was postulated to achieve synergistic/combined effect of antitumor drug and gene therapeutics. To valid this hypothesis, a folate-modified multifunctional nanoassembly (FNA) loading both docetaxel and iSur-pDNA was constructed and evaluated as a therapeutic approach for HCC. The FNAs were prepared with folate-modified lipid FA-PEG-DSPE as the target to tumor, protamine sulfate (PS) as the condenser to protect and enhance the nuclear transfer of iSur-pDNA, and DOPE-based lipid envelope as the carrier of doctaxel and PS/DNA complex to achieve their co-delivery and enhance internalization into hepatoma cells. FNAs showed the particle size about 200nm with encapsulation efficiency >90%. Blank nanoassemblies (BNAs) loading only reporter gene revealed higher transfection efficiency with neglectable cytotoxicity compared with Lipofectamine 2000, which could result from enhanced cellular uptake via ligand-receptor recognition and efficient nuclear delivery mediated by PS. Cytotoxicity of FNAs against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL 7402 was much higher than either docetaxel or non-docetaxel FNAs (nFNAs) loading only iSur-pDNA, and was also superior to the combined treatment with free docetaxel and nFNAs. Better antitumor efficacy of FNAs with low systemic toxicity was also observed on mouse hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model. These results suggested that co-delivery of docetaxel and iSur-pDNA with FNAs could be a safer and more efficient strategy for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Xu
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Kim SM, Lee SY, Yuk DY, Moon DC, Choi SS, Kim Y, Han SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Inhibition of NF-kappaB by ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the susceptibility of colon cancer cells to docetaxel. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:755-65. [PMID: 19471891 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3, the main constituent isolated from Panax ginseng, has been of interest for use as a cancer preventive or therapeutic agent. We investigated here whether Rg3 can inhibit the activity of NF-kappaB, a key transcriptional factor constitutively activated in colon cancer that confers cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. To investigate whether RG3 can suppress activation of NF-kappaB, and thus inhibit cancer cell growth, we examined the susceptibility of colon cancer cells (SW620 and HCT116) to treatment with Rg3 (25, 50, 75, 100 microM) and RG3-induced activation of NF-kappaB. RG3 dose-dependently inhibited cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis and decreased NF-kappaB activity. In a further study of compounds in colon cancer, we used half of the IC(50) dose, values in combined treatments of Rg3 (50 microM) with conventional agents - docetaxel (5 nM), paclitaxel (10 nM) cisplatin (10 microM) and doxorubicin (2 microM). Compared to treatment with Rg3 or chemotherapy alone, combined treatment was more effective (i.e., there were synergistic effects) in the inhibition of cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis and these effects were accompanied by significant inhibition of NF-kappaB activity. NF-kappaB target gene expression of apoptotic cell death proteins (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9) was significantly enhanced, but the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and cell proliferation marker genes (Bcl-2, inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP-1) and X chromosome IAP (XIAP), Cox-2, c-Fos, c-Jun and cyclin D1) was significantly inhibited by the combined treatment compared to Rg3 or docetaxel alone. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits NF-kappaB, and enhances the susceptibility of colon cancer cells to docetaxel and other chemotherapeutics. Thus, ginsenoside Rg3 could be useful as an anti-cancer or adjuvant anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
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Xu Z, Chen L, Gu W, Gao Y, Lin L, Zhang Z, Xi Y, Li Y. The performance of docetaxel-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles targeted to hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2008; 30:226-32. [PMID: 18851881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Targeted uptake of therapeutic agent in the cell-, tissue- or disease-specific manner represents a potential technology for the treatment of HCC. A new docetaxel-loaded hepatoma-targeted solid lipid nanoparticle (tSLN) was designed and prepared with galactosylated dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine. The cellular cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, subcellular localization, in vivo toxicity, therapeutic effect, biodistribution and histology of tSLNs were investigated. The tSLNs showed the particle size about 120nm with encapsulation efficiency >90%, a low burst effect within the first day and a sustained release for the next 29 days in vitro. Cytotoxicity of tSLNs against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL7402 was superior to Taxotere and non-targeted SLNs (nSLNs). The tSLNs also showed better tolerant and antitumor efficacy in murine model bearing hepatoma compared with Taxotere or nSLNs. The studies on cellular uptake and biodistribution indicated that the better antitumor efficacy of tSLNs was attributed to both the increased accumulation of drug in tumor and more cellular uptake by hepatoma cells. The histology demonstrated that tSLNs had no detrimental effect on both healthy liver and liver with fibrosis. These results implied that this targeted nanocarrier of docetaxel could enhance its antitumor effect in vivo with low systemic toxicity for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Hilbig A, Oettle H. Gemcitabine in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2008; 8:511-23. [PMID: 18402518 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.4.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (2 ,2 -difluorodeoxycytidine) is a deoxycytidine-analog antimetabolite with broad activity against a variety of solid tumors and lymphoid malignancies. It was approved as standard of care in patients with pancreatic cancer one decade ago, based primarily on improvement in clinical benefit response such as pain reduction, improvement in Karnofsky performance status and increase in body weight. This article gives an overview of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine, highlights the clinical activity of gemcitabine and summarizes the treatment options in metastatic pancreatic cancer with focus on gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. The emerging role of combinations of gemcitabine with novel targeted agents, including small-molecule inhibitors and other investigational drugs, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hilbig
- Department of Medical Hematology & Oncology, Charité School of Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a significant therapeutic challenge in oncology as the 21st century begins. Currently available cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents provide only a modest survival benefit for patients with advanced disease. Recent efforts to improve survival in the setting of locally advanced and metastatic disease have focused on combinations of cytotoxic agents and the integration of newer molecular agents. To date, these strategies have been somewhat disappointing, prompting some experts to consider changes in clinical trial design with more rigorous patient eligibility criteria. In the adjuvant therapy setting, investigation of newer agents has lagged behind studies in more advanced disease, but recent results suggested some evidence of incremental advance. However, just as in advanced pancreatic cancer, without a more disciplined approach to patient selection for surgical intervention and subsequent adjuvant therapy, progress can be expected to remain very slow. This review will provide a brief summary of the history of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and focus on its current and future role in adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Laheru D. An Evidence-Based Approach to the Management of Pancreatic Cancer. Oncology 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/0-387-31056-8_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lee KM, Cao D, Itami A, Pour PM, Hruban RH, Maitra A, Ouellette MM. Class III beta-tubulin, a marker of resistance to paclitaxel, is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia. Histopathology 2007; 51:539-46. [PMID: 17714470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) reduces microtubule stability and confers resistance to microtubule-stabilizing taxanes, including paclitaxel and docetaxel. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas show limited responsiveness to taxanes, but little is known of the underlying mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine TUBB3 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines, invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). METHODS AND RESULTS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to study TUBB3 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess TUBB3 in pancreatic cancer specimens, including 75 invasive adenocarcinomas and 41 PanIN precursor lesions. TUBB3 was undetectable in non-neoplastic ducts of the pancreas. In contrast, the vast majority (78-93%) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas demonstrated either diffuse or focal TUBB3 expression. TUBB3 was found to increase progressively in PanIN lesions from 3/16 of PanIN-1 (19%), 5/17 of PanIN-2 (29%) to 5/8 of PanIN-3 lesions (63%). CONCLUSIONS TUBB3 is expressed in most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, possibly accounting for the suboptimal response of these tumours to microtubule-stabilizing agents. Up-regulation of TUBB3 in PanIN lesions suggests that microtubule dysfunction is an early feature of this disease. TUBB3 immunohistochemistry could potentially help identify pancreatic cancer patients lacking TUBB3 expression who might benefit from taxane therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lee
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
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Dumez H, Martens M, Selleslach J, Guetens G, De Boeck G, Aerts R, De Bruijn EA, Maes RA, van Oosterom AT. Docetaxel and gemcitabine combination therapy in advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium: results of a phase II and pharmacologic study. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:211-8. [PMID: 17159607 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328010ee5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the response to gemcitabine plus docetaxel in advanced urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in a phase II trial, and gemcitabine distribution between plasma and erythrocytes, following docetaxel administration. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma, following a maximum of one prior chemotherapy regimen, were given gemcitabine 800 mg/m on days 1 and 8 plus docetaxel 85 mg/m on day 8, every 21 days. Gemcitabine was measured in the plasma and erythrocytes of nine patients before and after docetaxel administration. Thirty-four patients (median 63 years; range 49-79 years), of whom seven had prior chemotherapy and 27 were chemotherapy-naive, received a median of six cycles (range 1-6). Complete and partial remissions were observed in two and 16 (including three pretreated) patients, respectively, for an overall response rate of 53%. Median response duration was 5 months (range 1-39+). Haematoxicity was manageable, despite grade 3 infections in 24% of patients, but other toxicities were mostly mild. An apparent shift of gemcitabine from plasma to erythrocytes occurred after docetaxel in five of six patients evaluable for this analysis. We conclude gemcitabine plus docetaxel is tolerable and highly active in treated and untreated patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinde Dumez
- Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Bang S, Jeon TJ, Kim MH, Park JY, Park SW, Chung JB, Song SY. Phase II study of cisplatin combined with weekly gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreatology 2006; 6:635-41. [PMID: 17159377 DOI: 10.1159/000097784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Combination therapy of gemcitabine and cisplatin has been reported as an effective regimen for advanced pancreatic cancer. However, the toxicity and synergism are known to depend on the schedule of cisplatin. A phase II study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a single dose of cisplatin in combination with weekly gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS Patients with measurable, metastatic pancreatic carcinoma, not locally advanced diseases, were included. The patients were treated with a combination of gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) i.v. over 30 min administered on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) i.v. administered 6 h after gemcitabine infusion on day 1 with adequate prehydration. Response and toxicity were assessed according to World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS A total of 52 patients, 5 with recurrent disease after curative operation, were enrolled from January 2000 to March 2004. The objective response rate was 16 of 52 patients (1 complete response and 15 partial response). Disease stabilization was seen in 10 patients (20.8%). The median survival was 11.8 months (95% CI, 10.7-13.0 months), with 76.1% of patients alive at 6 months and 50% alive at 12 months. The median time to progression was 6.1 months (95% CI, 4.16-7.98 months). Major toxicity profiles were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. CONCLUSIONS The modified regimen of a single dose of cisplatin per cycle in combination with weekly gemcitabine appeared to have a more favorable therapeutic index and comparable toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Bang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Seoul, Korea
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Mitry E, Ducreux M, Ould-Kaci M, Boige V, Seitz JF, Bugat R, Breau JL, Bouché O, Etienne PL, Tigaud JM, Morvan F, Cvitkovic E, Rougier P. Oxaliplatin combined with 5-FU in second line treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Results of a phase II trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 30:357-63. [PMID: 16633299 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(06)73188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and benefit of second-line chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma has never been demonstrated although it is regularly used. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized phase II study evaluating oxaliplatin alone (OXA), infusional 5-fluorouracil alone (5-FU) and an oxaliplatin/infusional 5-FU combination (OXFU) in untreated advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been conducted. In this trial, a second-line treatment with the OXFU regimen (OXA 130 mg/m2 2-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion combined with 5-FU (1000 mg/m2/day, continuous i.v., days 1-4), every 3 weeks) was offered to patients progressing after single agent treatment. RESULTS Eighteen out of 32 patients (12 males, median age 57 years) treated in the single agent arms received the OXFU combination in second-line treatment. WHO performance status was at least 2 in 61% of the patients. There was no objective response and 3 patients (17%) had a disease stabilisation. Median time to progression from the start of second-line treatment was 0.9 months. Median overall survival was 4.9 months from the start of front-line therapy and 1.3 months from the start of second-line therapy. CONCLUSION The results of this trial bring arguments to support a modest value of second-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Ogura Y, Mizumoto K, Nagai E, Murakami M, Inadome N, Saimura M, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Maemondo M, Nukiwa T, Tanaka M. Peritumoral injection of adenovirus vector expressing NK4 combined with gemcitabine treatment suppresses growth and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells implanted orthotopically in nude mice and prolongs survival. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:520-9. [PMID: 16341142 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NK4 or adenovirus vector expressing NK4 (Ad-NK4) can act bifunctionally as a hepatocyte growth factor antagonist and angiogenesis inhibitor and has potential value in cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Ad-NK4 in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) against pancreatic cancer. In vitro study showed a strong antiproliferative effect of GEM and a potent anti-invasive effect of Ad-NK4 against pancreatic cancer cells. In in vivo experiments, SUIT-2 human pancreatic cancer cells were implanted into the pancreas of nude mice. Mice were treated with Ad-NK4 by injection into the peritumoral region of the pancreas on day 5 after implantation followed by weekly i.p. injections of GEM. On day 28 after implantation, pancreatic tumor volume was significantly smaller than that in mice treated with Ad-LacZ, Ad-NK4 alone, or GEM alone. Furthermore, combination therapy completely suppressed peritoneal dissemination and liver metastases, leading to significantly increased survival. Histologic and immunohistochemical assays of primary tumors indicated that combination therapy prohibited both cell proliferation and angiogenesis, resulting in high levels of apoptosis. These results suggest that peritumoral injection of Ad-NK4 plus GEM is a potent combination therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ogura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Single-agent gemcitabine was established as standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer after a superior clinical benefit response was demonstrated in a randomized study comparing it to 5-fluorouracil (FU). Until recently, many subsequent randomized trials of newer, often gemcitabine-based combinations have not been able to show improved survival over gemcitabine. Combination gemcitabine and capecitabine is likely to become the preferred standard treatment, at least in the UK, on the basis of the positive interim results of the UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) randomized study of chemotherapy with this combination. At present, there is no standard second-line treatment for patients who have become refractory to gemcitabine, although a recently reported study has suggested that oxaliplatin with FU and leucovorin is superior to best supportive care in these patients. This article will review and discuss the clinical trials of chemotherapy for this disease, including the more recent trials, which have included the novel targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jo Chua
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
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Lutz MP, Van Cutsem E, Wagener T, Van Laethem JL, Vanhoefer U, Wils JA, Gamelin E, Koehne CH, Arnaud JP, Mitry E, Husseini F, Reichardt P, El-Serafi M, Etienne PL, Lingenfelser T, Praet M, Genicot B, Debois M, Nordlinger B, Ducreux MP. Docetaxel plus gemcitabine or docetaxel plus cisplatin in advanced pancreatic carcinoma: randomized phase II study 40984 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group. J Clin Oncol 2006; 23:9250-6. [PMID: 16361622 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.02.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel plus gemcitabine or docetaxel plus cisplatin for advanced pancreatic carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Chemotherapy-naive patients with measurable disease and WHO performance status less than 2 were randomly assigned to receive 21-day cycles of gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus docetaxel 85 mg/m2 on day 8 (arm A) or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1 (arm B). Primary end points were tumor response and rate of febrile neutropenia grade. RESULTS Of 96 randomly assigned patients (49 patients in arm A and 47 patients in arm B), 70 patients were analyzed for response (36 in arm A and 34 in arm B) and 89 patients were analyzed for safety (45 in arm A and 44 in arm B). Confirmed responses were observed in 19.4% (95% CI, 8.2% to 36.0%) of patients in arm A and 23.5% (95% CI, 10.7% to 41.2%) in arm B. In arm A, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.0 to 4.7 months), median survival was 7.4 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.0 months), and 1-year survival was 30%. In arm B, the median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI, 2.6 to 4.6 months), median survival was 7.1 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 8.7 months), and 1-year survival was 16%. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 9% and 16% of patients in arms A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION Both regimens are well tolerated and show activity in advanced pancreatic carcinoma. The safety profile and survival analyses favor docetaxel plus gemcitabine for further evaluation.
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Ridwelski K, Fahlke J, Kuhn R, Hribaschek A, Kettner E, Greiner C, Florschuetz A, Manger T, Wilhelm G, Klein H, Hahnfeld S, Lippert H, Meyer F. Multicenter phase-I/II study using a combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel in metastasized and unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:297-302. [PMID: 16414235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the maximum tolerability of a combined therapy regimen of gemcitabine and docetaxel, and to evaluate tumour response rate, survival time and tolerability in patients receiving these agents for advanced pancreatic carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (n=68) with pancreatic carcinoma (advanced and/or unresectable tumour growth or histopathologically diagnosed metastases) were enrolled in a multicenter phase-I (n=25) and phase-II study (n=43). Treatment during phase II of the study was continued until either complete tumour remission (CR), tumour progression, indicated clinically or by means of radiological imaging, or until unacceptable toxicity occurred. RESULTS Phase I: the tolerability maximum of the combined agents was established at gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) and docetaxel 35 mg/m(2) with tolerable adverse events. Phase II: a total of 139 chemotherapy cycles were completed (mean, 3.2; range, 1-10). While CR was achieved in three of 43 patients (7%), in five further cases, partial remission (PR) was documented, amounting to an overall response rate (OR) of 18.6%. Eighteen patients showed stable disease (41.9%), whereas in 17 of 43 subjects (39.5%), primary tumour progression was detected. The median survival time was 9.0 months; the 1-year survival rate was 13.9% (six of 43 patients). These results were associated with a side-effect profile of moderate severity and acceptable quality of life (QOL). CONCLUSION The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel for chemotherapy in unresectable pancreatic carcinoma was well tolerated. Survival time and 1-year survival rate proved promising and the regimen appears suitable for further evaluation in a prospective phase-III study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ridwelski
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Birkenallee 34, D-39130 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for pancreatic cancer as most patients present with advanced disease, which precludes locoregional treatment. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited. Gemcitabine is the only agent that improves symptoms and confers a modest survival advantage. Many combination therapy regimens have been studied in phase II settings. Eleven randomised phase III trials have been conducted to compare gemcitabine-containing regimens with gemcitabine monotherapy since gemcitabine became available clinically. The combination of gemcitabine plus capecitabine has demonstrated a survival advantage over gemcitabine, whereas gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin and gemcitabine plus cisplatin have shown improved progression-free survival or time to tumour progression but failed to demonstrate a survival advantage over gemcitabine. The search for effective therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer continues. Gemcitabine in combination with cytotoxic agents or molecular targeted agents hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Q Xiong
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Pipas JM, Barth RJ, Zaki B, Tsapakos MJ, Suriawinata AA, Bettmann MA, Cates JM, Ripple GH, Sutton JE, Gordon SR, McDonnell CE, Perez RP, Redfield N, Meyer LP, Marshall JF, Cole BF, Colacchio TA. Docetaxel/Gemcitabine Followed by Gemcitabine and External Beam Radiotherapy in Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2005; 12:995-1004. [PMID: 16252135 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2005.04.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer remains highly lethal. Previous attempts with neoadjuvant therapy in this disease have been inconclusive, but a potential for benefit exists. We conducted a phase II trial of dose-intense docetaxel and gemcitabine followed by twice-weekly gemcitabine and external beam radiotherapy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Patients with stage I to III disease were eligible. Docetaxel 65 mg/m(2) intravenously over 1 hour and gemcitabine 4000 mg/m(2) given intravenously over 30 minutes were given on days 1, 15, and 29. On day 43, radiotherapy was begun at 50.4 Gy with gemcitabine 50 mg/m(2) intravenously over 30 minutes twice weekly for 12 doses. After treatment, patients were considered for resection. RESULTS Twenty-four assessable patients were recruited onto the trial. All but one patient completed a full 12 weeks of therapy. Grade 3 and 4 hematological and nonhematological toxicities were common but manageable, and neutropenic fever did not occur. No patient had local tumor progression. Twelve patients (50%) responded by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Group (RECIST) criteria, including one radiographic complete response. Seventeen patients underwent resection after therapy. Margin-negative resections were performed in 13 patients, including 9 patients whose disease was borderline or unresectable before treatment. A treatment effect was seen in all resection specimens. There have been no local recurrences of tumor, and several patients remain alive without evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS Docetaxel/gemcitabine followed by gemcitabine/radiotherapy is active in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with manageable toxicity. Tumor downstaging occurs in some patients to allow complete resection. Further investigation of this regimen is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Pipas
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Abstract
The poor outcome of pancreatic cancer with conventional treatment options emphasizes the need for continued research. The benefits of gemcitabine in improving quality of life and survival have been established in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Randomized clinical trials studying the addition of a second drug to gemcitabine, either a classic cytotoxic (5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, irinotecan, pemetrexed, oxaliplatin, or exatecan) or targeted agents (ie, the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 or the metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat) have not resulted in improvement in survival compared with gemcitabine alone. Although limited activity of docetaxel in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been reported in single-agent studies, attractive efficacy results have been documented with docetaxel in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents for the management of advanced pancreatic cancer. Phase I and II trials of docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, or thalidomide, as well as trials of docetaxel and radiotherapy, suggest that docetaxel combinations in pancreatic cancer should be further studied in randomized trials.
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Zagon IS, Jaglowski JR, Verderame MF, Smith JP, Leure-Dupree AE, McLaughlin PJ. Combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and biotherapy with opioid growth factor (OGF) enhances the growth inhibition of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:510-20. [PMID: 15947928 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-005-1028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is the standard of care for advanced pancreatic neoplasia, and exerts its effect through inhibition of DNA synthesis. However, gemcitabine has limited survival benefits. Opioid growth factor (OGF) is an autocrine-produced peptide that interacts with the nuclear receptor, OGFr, to inhibit cell proliferation but is not cytotoxic or apoptotic. The present study was designed to examine whether a combination of chemotherapy with gemcitabine and biotherapy with OGF is more effective than either agent alone in inhibiting pancreatic cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. The combination of OGF (10(-6) M) and gemcitabine (10(-8) M) reduced MIA PaCa-2 cell number from control levels by 46% within 48 h, and resulted in a growth inhibition greater than that of the individual compounds. OGF in combination with 5-fluorouracil also depressed cell growth more than either agent alone. The action of OGF, but not gemcitabine, was mediated by a naloxone-sensitive receptor, and was completely reversible. OGF, but no other endogenous or exogenous opioids, altered pancreatic cancer growth in tissue culture. The combination of OGF and gemcitabine also repressed the growth of another pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1. MIA PaCa-2 cells transplanted into athymic mice received 10 mg/kg OGF daily, 120 mg/kg gemcitabine every 3 days; 10 mg/kg OGF daily and 120 mg/kg gemcitabine every 3rd day, or 0.1 ml of sterile saline daily. Tumor incidence, and latency times to tumor appearance, of mice receiving combined therapy with OGF and gemcitabine, were significantly decreased from those of the control, OGF, and gemcitabine groups. Tumor volumes in the OGF, gemcitabine, and OGF/gemcitabine groups were markedly decreased from controls beginning on days 14, 12, and 8, respectively, after tumor cell inoculation. Tumor weight and tumor volume were reduced from control levels by 36-85% in the OGF and/or gemcitabine groups on day 45 (date of termination), and the group of mice exposed to a combination of OGF and gemcitabine had decreases in tumor size of 70% and 63% from the OGF or the gemcitabine alone groups, respectively. This preclinical evidence shows that combined chemotherapy (e.g. gemcitabine) and biotherapy (OGF) provides an enhanced therapeutic benefit for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Zagon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, H109, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, 17033, USA.
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Hata T, Furukawa T, Sunamura M, Egawa S, Motoi F, Ohmura N, Marumoto T, Saya H, Horii A. RNA interference targeting aurora kinase a suppresses tumor growth and enhances the taxane chemosensitivity in human pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:2899-905. [PMID: 15805292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AURKA/STK15/BTAK, the gene encoding Aurora A kinase that is involved in the regulation of centrosomes and segregation of chromosomes, is frequently amplified and overexpressed in various kinds of human cancers, including pancreatic cancer. To address its possibility as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer, we employed the RNA interference technique to knockdown AURKA expression and analyzed its phenotypes. We found that the specific knockdown of AURKA in cultured pancreatic cancer cells strongly suppressed in vitro cell growth and in vivo tumorigenicity. The knockdown induced the accumulation of cells in the G(2)-M phase and eventual apoptosis. Furthermore, we observed a synergistic enhancement of the cytotoxicity of taxanes, a group of chemotherapeutic agents impairing G(2)-M transition, by the RNA interference-mediated knockdown of AURKA. These results indicate that inhibition of AURKA expression can result in potent antitumor activity and chemosensitizing activity to taxanes in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Hata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai Miyagi, Japan
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Abstract
In the last decade, continued efforts in pancreas cancer research have led to the development of new, more effective therapies. Additionally, progress in understanding the molecular processes underlying the development and progression of this disease provides hope for the development of more effective treatment strategies. Recent clinical trials have provided reason for hope that novel chemotherapy combinations and molecularly targeted agents will lead to improved clinical outcomes for patients with this disease. This article will summarize the data that has led to the current standards of therapy for patients with resectable and advanced pancreatic cancer and review new treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Craig Lockhart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6307, USA
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Meyer F, Ridwelski K, Gebauer T, Grote R, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Lippert H. Pharmacokinetics of the Antineoplastic Drug Mitomycin C in Regional Chemotherapy Using the Aortic Stop Flow Technique in Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma. Chemotherapy 2005; 51:1-8. [PMID: 15722626 DOI: 10.1159/000084016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An isolated perfusion may lead to a higher concentration of cytostatics within the target tissue, which can be associated with a high response rate and longer survival in addition to a low rate of side effects in comparison with systemic palliative chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C utilizing the aortic stop flow technique with commercially available tools in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS Seventeen patients with unresectable or metastasized pancreatic carcinoma (diagnosed by histological investigation) underwent a 20-min hypoxic perfusion of the isolated abdominal compartment with 20 mg/m2 mitomycin C (Mitomedac, medac, Hamburg, Germany) 22 times. Cytostatic concentration was determined intrainterventionally within the systemic and regional compartment. RESULTS The mitomycin C concentration was 10 times higher within the regional compared with the systemic compartment at its maximum. The area under the curve was 4.02 times greater. Toxicity was considerable, i.e. WHO grade I/II in 8 of 17 cases, and III/IV in 9 of 17 cases. Two treatment-related deaths were documented. The objective response rate was 17.6% (3 of 17 cases; 1 complete remission, 2 partial remissions). In 3 subjects, stable disease was registered, and in 11 individuals, tumor progression. The median survival was 4.1 months. CONCLUSION Though high concentrations of the cytostatic drug were achieved within the regional compartment, the aortic stop flow technique was associated with a high toxicity rate but no improvement of tumor response and survival in comparison with systemic chemotherapy. Despite its pharmacokinetic advantages, the aortic stop flow technique is currently not recommendable for routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Meyer
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Masaki T, Ohkawa S, Amano A, Ueno M, Miyakawa K, Tarao K. Noninvasive assessment of tumor vascularity by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and the prognosis of patients with nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 103:1026-35. [PMID: 15672386 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that angiogenesis is one of the factors that influences the prognosis of patients with solid tumors, including pancreatic carcinomas. However, none have assessed noninvasively the relation between angiogenesis and prognosis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) not only is a convenient, harmless, and noninvasive imaging modality, but it also provides detailed information on tumor vascularity. The objectives of this study were to assess the vascularity of pancreatic carcinoma noninvasively by contrast-enhanced US and to clarify the prognostic value of tumor vascularity in patients with nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS Thirty-five consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed, nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma were examined with contrast-enhanced US before systemic chemotherapy. The correlations among tumor vascularity, clinicopathologic factors, and clinical outcomes then were analyzed statistically to investigate prognostic indicators. RESULTS The median time to progression (TTP) was longer in patients who had avascular tumors compared with patients who had vascular tumors (110 days vs. 28 days, respectively; P=0.0072; log-rank test). The median survival also was longer in patients who had avascular tumors (267 days vs. 115 days, respectively; P=0.0034; log-rank test). A multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model revealed that tumor vascularity was a significant, independent factor that influenced TTP (P <0.001) and survival (P=0.022) along with primary tumor size and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, which are well known as prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that contrast-enhanced US may be useful in assessing the prognosis of patients with nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma who receive systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
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Meyer F, Lueck A, Hribaschek A, Lippert H, Ridwelski K. Phase I Trial Using Weekly Administration of Gemcitabine and Docetaxel in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma. Chemotherapy 2004; 50:289-96. [PMID: 15608445 DOI: 10.1159/000082628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In advanced pancreatic carcinoma, no effective chemotherapy has been found yet due to the lack of appropriate response. The frequent use of gemcitabine is based on the fact that there is a significant improvement in the quality of life, but neither an effect on remission nor a detectable increase in survival rates could be observed. Therefore, the hypothesis was that the combination of gemcitabine with other drugs can result in a better outcome of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the maximally tolerable dosage of gemcitabine and docetaxel using a weekly administration regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic carcinoma received combination chemotherapy using gemcitabine and docetaxel in a weekly administration regimen, beginning with 800 mg/m2 of gemcitabine and 25 mg/m2 of docetaxel. Four patients were originally enrolled for each of the seven different dosages of both drugs. Side effects were assessed according to the WHO standard. Quality of life was evaluated according to the Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. RESULTS Using the two maximal dosages of gemcitabine and docetaxel (gemcitabine, 800 and 1,000 mg/m2, and docetaxel, 45 and 40 mg/m2; respectively), only 3 and 2 patients were enrolled, respectively, because of toxic side effects > or = grade III according to WHO grading. Maximal dosages with tolerable side effects were 1,000 mg/m2 of gemcitabine and 35 mg/m2 of docetaxel given in weekly intervals. Main side effects of this combination chemotherapy were gastrointestinal symptoms and hematologic toxicity. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel in advanced or metastatic pancreatic carcinoma is a well-tolerated and acceptable alternative treatment option with regard to the severity of side effects and its positive impact on quality of life and tumor-associated pain. According to the study endpoint, dosages of 1,000 mg/m2 of gemcitabine and 35 mg/m2 of docetaxel are recommended as maximum-tolerated doses (given in weekly intervals) for a future phase II trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meyer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.
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