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Liu HN, Shi HR, Zhao XL, Zhang RT, Liu GZ, Zhang JX. The TLR3, PI3K, survin, FasL, and Fas genes as major risk factors of occurrence and development of cervical cancer disease. Gene 2014; 550:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang Z, Knobloch TJ, Seamon LG, Stoner GD, Cohn DE, Paskett ED, Fowler JM, Weghorst CM. A black raspberry extract inhibits proliferation and regulates apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 123:401-6. [PMID: 21831414 PMCID: PMC3919135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer worldwide, and it remains a challenge to manage preinvasive and invasive lesions. Food-based cancer prevention entities, such as black raspberries and their derivatives, have demonstrated a marked ability to inhibit preclinical models of epithelial cancer cell growth and tumor formation. Here, we extend the role of black raspberry-mediated chemoprevention to that of cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS Three human cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa (HPV16-/HPV18+, adenocarcinoma), SiHa (HPV16+/HPV18-, squamous cell carcinoma) and C-33A (HPV16-/HPV18-, squamous cell carcinoma), were treated with a lyophilized black raspberry ethanol extract (RO-ET) at 25, 50, 100 or 200μg/ml for 1, 3 and 5days, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured by WST1 (tetrazolium salt cleavage) assays. Flow cytometry (propidium iodide and Annexin V staining) and fluorescence microscopy analysis were used to measure apoptotic cell changes. RESULTS We found that non-toxic levels of RO-ET significantly inhibited the growth of human cervical cancer cells, in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner to a maximum of 54%, 52% and 67%, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, cell growth inhibition was persistent following short-term withdrawal of RO-ET from the culture medium. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated RO-ET-induced apoptosis in all cell lines. CONCLUSION Black raspberries and their bioactive components represent promising candidates for future phytochemical-based mechanistic pathway-targeted cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J. Knobloch
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leigh G. Seamon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gary D. Stoner
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David E. Cohn
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Fowler
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher M. Weghorst
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a leading cause of virus-associated cancers of the anogenital, oropharyneal and cutaneous epithelium. The most prevalent of these is cervical cancer, which is responsible for approximately 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. A group of about 15 serologically unrelated 'high-risk' HPV types are responsible for almost all HPV-associated cancers. Prevention of papillomavirus infection can be achieved by induction of capsid-specific neutralising antibodies in preclinical animal papillomavirus models and in recent human clinical trials. High titres of conformationally-dependent, type-specific HPV-neutralising antibodies are triggered by HPV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Overcoming the problems of type-specificity of the responses to these VLP vaccines is a potentially important area of current HPV vaccine research, with an emphasis on induction of more broadly cross-protective neutralising responses. Viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are continuously present in HPV-associated cancers and are prime targets for HPV therapeutic vaccines. A variety of approaches are being tested in therapeutic vaccine clinical trials and in various preclinical animal papillomavirus models for efficacy. Approaches include genetic vaccines, recombinant virus vaccines, dendritic cell-based strategies, immunomodulatory strategies and various combination strategies to maximise cell-mediated immunity to papillomavirus proteins present in HPV infections and cancers. The success of preventive HPV VLP vaccines in clinical trials is clear. However, current therapeutic vaccine trials are less effective with respect to disease clearance. Nevertheless, a series of combination approaches have shown significant therapeutic enhancement in preclinical papillomavirus models and await testing in patient populations to determine the most effective strategy. There is much encouragement that HPV vaccines will be the most effective approach to prevention and cure of infections caused by this group of viruses, which re-present a significant human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Christensen
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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