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Zaragoza-Huesca D, Rodenas MC, Peñas-Martínez J, Pardo-Sánchez I, Peña-García J, Espín S, Ricote G, Nieto A, García-Molina F, Vicente V, Lozano ML, Carmona-Bayonas A, Mulero V, Pérez-Sánchez H, Martínez-Martínez I. Suramin, a drug for the treatment of trypanosomiasis, reduces the prothrombotic and metastatic phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting hepsin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115814. [PMID: 37918256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, our group identified serine-protease hepsin from primary tumor as a biomarker of metastasis and thrombosis in patients with localized colorectal cancer. We described hepsin promotes invasion and thrombin generation of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and identified venetoclax as a hepsin inhibitor that suppresses these effects. Now, we aspire to identify additional hepsin inhibitors, aiming to broaden the therapeutic choices for targeted intervention in colorectal cancer. METHODS We developed a virtual screening based on molecular docking between the hepsin active site and 2000 compounds from DrugBank. The most promising drug was validated in a hepsin activity assay. Subsequently, we measured the hepsin inhibitor effect on colorectal cancer cells with basal or overexpression of hepsin via wound-healing, gelatin matrix invasion, and plasma thrombin generation assays. Finally, a zebrafish model determined whether hepsin inhibition reduced the invasion of colorectal cancer cells overexpressing hepsin. RESULTS Suramin was the most potent hepsin inhibitor (docking score: -11.9691 Kcal/mol), with an IC50 of 0.66 µM. In Caco-2 cells with basal or overexpression of hepsin, suramin decreased migration and significantly reduced invasion and thrombin generation. Suramin did not reduce the thrombotic phenotype in the hepsin-negative colorectal cancer cells HCT-116 and DLD-1. Finally, suramin significantly reduced the in vivo invasion of Caco-2 cells overexpressing hepsin. CONCLUSION Suramin is a novel hepsin inhibitor that reduces its protumorigenic and prothrombotic effects in colorectal cancer cells. This suggests the possibility of repurposing suramin and its derivatives to augment the repertoire of molecular targeted therapies against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zaragoza-Huesca
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Maria Carmen Rodenas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Julia Peñas-Martínez
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Irene Pardo-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, CIBERER, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Salvador Espín
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Ricote
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Andrés Nieto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Vicente Vicente
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Maria Luisa Lozano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Carmona-Bayonas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, CIBERER, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Irene Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, CIBERER, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
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Daba MY, Fan Z, Li Q, Yuan X, Liu B. The Role of Calcium Channels in Prostate Cancer Progression and Potential as a Druggable Target for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 186:104014. [PMID: 37119879 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed cancer among men. Discovering novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets are critical. Calcium signaling has been implicated in PCa progression and development of treatment resistance. Altered modification of Ca2+ flows leads to serious pathophysiological processes, such as malignant transformation, tumor proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, evasion of apoptosis, and treatment resistance. Calcium channels control and contribute to these processes. PCa has shown defective Ca2+ channels, which subsequently promotes tumor metastasis and growth. Store-operated Ca2+ entry channels such as Orai and STIM channels and transient receptor potential channels play a significant role in PCa pathogenesis. Pharmacological modulation of these calcium channels or pumps has been suggested as a practical approach. In this review, we discuss the role of calcium channels in PCa development and progression, and we identify current novel discoveries of drugs that target specific calcium channels for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motuma Yigezu Daba
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhijie Fan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Teramoto T, Choi KH, Padmanabhan R. Flavivirus proteases: The viral Achilles heel to prevent future pandemics. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105516. [PMID: 36586467 PMCID: PMC10062209 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are important human pathogens and include dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). DENV, transmitted by mosquitoes, causes diseases ranging in severity from mild dengue fever with non-specific flu-like symptoms to fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. DENV infections are caused by four serotypes, DENV1-4, which interact differently with antibodies in blood serum. The incidence of DENV infection has increased dramatically in recent decades and the CDC estimates 400 million dengue infections occur each year, resulting in ∼25,000 deaths mostly among children and elderly people. Similarly, ZIKV infections are caused by infected mosquito bites to humans, can be transmitted sexually and through blood transfusions. If a pregnant woman is infected, the virus can cross the placental barrier and can spread to her fetus, causing severe brain malformations in the child including microcephaly and other birth defects. It is noteworthy that the neurological manifestations of ZIKV were also observed in DENV endemic regions, suggesting that pre-existing antibody response to DENV could augment ZIKV infection. WNV, previously unknown in the US (and known to cause only mild disease in Middle East), first arrived in New York city in 1999 (NY99) and spread throughout the US and Canada by Culex mosquitoes and birds. WNV is now endemic in North America. Thus, emerging and re-emerging flaviviruses are significant threat to human health. However, vaccines are available for only a limited number of flaviviruses, and antiviral therapies are not available for any flavivirus. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutics that interfere with essential enzymatic steps, such as protease in the flavivirus lifecycle as these viruses possess significant threat to future pandemics. In this review, we focus on our E. coli expression of NS2B hydrophilic domain (NS2BH) covalently linked to NS3 protease domain (NS3Pro) in their natural context which is processed by the combined action of both subunits of the NS2B-NS3Pro precursor. Biochemical activities of the viral protease such as solubility and autoproteolysis of NS2BH-NS3Pro linkage depended on the C-terminal portion of NS2BH linked to the NS3Pro domain. Since 2008, we also focus on the use of the recombinant protease in high throughput screens and characterization of small molecular compounds identified in these screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahisa Teramoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Kyung H Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47406, USA.
| | - Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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4
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Zhang X, Shi S, Su Y, Yang X, He S, Yang X, Wu J, Zhang J, Rao F. Suramin and NF449 are IP5K inhibitors that disrupt inositol hexakisphosphate-mediated regulation of cullin-RING ligase and sensitize cancer cells to MLN4924/pevonedistat. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10281-10292. [PMID: 32493769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is an abundant metabolite synthesized from inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (IP5) by the single IP5 2-kinase (IP5K). Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that IP6 usually functions as a structural cofactor in protein(s) mediating mRNA export, DNA repair, necroptosis, 3D genome organization, HIV infection, and cullin-RING ligase (CRL) deneddylation. However, it remains unknown whether pharmacological perturbation of cellular IP6 levels affects any of these processes. Here, we performed screening for small molecules that regulate human IP5K activity, revealing that the antiparasitic drug and polysulfonic compound suramin efficiently inhibits IP5K in vitro and in vivo The results from docking experiments and biochemical validations suggested that the suramin targets IP5K in a distinct bidentate manner by concurrently binding to the ATP- and IP5-binding pockets, thereby inhibiting both IP5 phosphorylation and ATP hydrolysis. NF449, a suramin analog with additional sulfonate moieties, more potently inhibited IP5K. Both suramin and NF449 disrupted IP6-dependent sequestration of CRL by the deneddylase COP9 signalosome, thereby affecting CRL activity cycle and component dynamics in an IP5K-dependent manner. Finally, nontoxic doses of suramin, NF449, or NF110 exacerbate the loss of cell viability elicited by the neddylation inhibitor and clinical trial drug MLN4924/pevonedistat, suggesting synergistic ef-fects. Suramin and its analogs provide structural templates for designing potent and specific IP5K inhibitors, which could be used in combination therapy along with MLN4924/pevonedistat. IP5K is a potential mechanistic target of suramin, accounting for suramin's therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaodong Shi
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sining He
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Rao
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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Abstract
Suramin is 100 years old and is still being used to treat the first stage of acute human sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Suramin is a multifunctional molecule with a wide array of potential applications, from parasitic and viral diseases to cancer, snakebite, and autism. Suramin is also an enigmatic molecule: What are its targets? How does it get into cells in the first place? Here, we provide an overview of the many different candidate targets of suramin and discuss its modes of action and routes of cellular uptake. We reason that, once the polypharmacology of suramin is understood at the molecular level, new, more specific, and less toxic molecules can be identified for the numerous potential applications of suramin.
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6
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Cross Talk Networks of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling With the Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Their Clinical Implications in Multiple Myeloma. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 343:219-297. [PMID: 30712673 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and results from the clonal amplification of plasma cells. Despite recent advances in treatment, MM remains incurable with a median survival time of only 5-6years, thus necessitating further insights into MM biology and exploitation of novel therapeutic approaches. Both the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis, and treatment of MM and different lines of evidence suggest a close cross talk between these central cell-regulatory signaling networks. In this review, we outline the interplay between the UPS and mTOR pathways and discuss their implications for the pathophysiology and therapy of MM.
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7
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Dupre TV, Doll MA, Shah PP, Sharp CN, Kiefer A, Scherzer MT, Saurabh K, Saforo D, Siow D, Casson L, Arteel GE, Jenson AB, Megyesi J, Schnellmann RG, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Suramin protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F248-58. [PMID: 26661653 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00433.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic, has a dose-limiting side effect of nephrotoxicity. Approximately 30% of patients administered cisplatin suffer from kidney injury, and there are limited treatment options for the treatment of cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Suramin, which is Federal Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of trypanosomiasis, improves kidney function after various forms of kidney injury in rodent models. We hypothesized that suramin would attenuate cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Suramin treatment before cisplatin administration reduced cisplatin-induced decreases in kidney function and injury. Furthermore, suramin attenuated cisplatin-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in the kidney cortex. Treatment of mice with suramin 24 h after cisplatin also improved kidney function, suggesting that the mechanism of protection is not by inhibition of tubular cisplatin uptake or its metabolism to nephrotoxic species. If suramin is to be used in the context of cancer, then it cannot prevent cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity of cancer cells. Suramin did not alter the dose-response curve of cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. In addition, suramin pretreatment of mice harboring lung adenocarcinomas did not alter the initial cytotoxic effects of cisplatin (DNA damage and apoptosis) on tumor cells. These results provide evidence that suramin has potential as a renoprotective agent for the treatment/prevention of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and justify future long-term preclinical studies using cotreatment of suramin and cisplatin in mouse models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess V Dupre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Parag P Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Cierra N Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alex Kiefer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Kumar Saurabh
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Doug Saforo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Deanna Siow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lavona Casson
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Judit Megyesi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas and Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
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The Gβ5 protein regulates sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death in colon carcinoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:2753-63. [PMID: 25043307 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is implicated in numerous diseases including colon cancer. The heterotrimeric G proteins transduce signals from GPCRs to various effectors. So far, the G protein subunit Gβ5 has not been studied in the context of cancer. Here we demonstrate that Gβ5 protects colon carcinoma cells from apoptosis induced by the death ligand TRAIL via different routes. The Gβ5 protein (i) causes a decrease in the cell surface expression of the TRAIL-R2 death receptor, (ii) induces the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP and (iii) activates the NF-κB signaling pathway. The intrinsic resistance to TRAIL-triggered apoptosis of colon cancer cells is overcome by antagonization of Gβ5. Based on these results, targeting of G proteins emerges as a novel therapeutic approach in the experimental treatment of colon cancer.
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Jiang S, Chen X, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang T, Yue Y, Yang G. Suramin inhibits the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the downregulation of osteopontin. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1351-4. [PMID: 22965338 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the principal therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at early stages. A number of chemotherapeutic methods have been used to inhibit the progression of NPC at elevated stages. Suramin has been reported to inhibit the growth of certain tumor cells via various pathways. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the effects of suramin on the proliferation of NPC cells (CNE-2). Suramin was proved to demonstrate NPC cell growth-inhibiting effects both in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To determine the potential mechanisms of these effects, western blotting and flow cytometric analysis were performed. Suramin was found to have the potential to induce cell cycle arrest in S-phase CNE-2 cells. Additionally, we found that the OPN level may decrease in suramin-treated CNE-2 cells. The changes of certain apoptosis- and p-AKT-associated proteins possibly regulating the OPN expression were measured by western blotting. In conclusion, suramin may function as a potential agent for the adjunctive therapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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10
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Liu N, Tolbert E, Pang M, Ponnusamy M, Yan H, Zhuang S. Suramin inhibits renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:1064-75. [PMID: 21617121 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010090956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of cytokine and growth factor receptors associates with the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Suramin is a compound that inhibits the interaction of several cytokines and growth factors with their receptors, but whether suramin inhibits the progression of renal fibrosis is unknown. Here, treatment of cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts with suramin inhibited their activation induced by TGF-β1 and serum. In a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy, administration of a single dose of suramin immediately after ureteral obstruction abolished the expression of fibronectin, largely suppressed expression of α-SMA and type I collagen, and reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Suramin also decreased the expression of multiple cytokines including TGF-β1 and reduced the interstitial infiltration of leukocytes. Moreover, suramin decreased expression of the type II TGF-β receptor, blocked phosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors, and inactivated several signaling pathways associated with the progression of renal fibrosis. In a rat model of CKD, suramin abrogated proteinuria, limited the decline of renal function, and prevented glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage. Collectively, these findings indicate that suramin is a potent antifibrotic agent that may have therapeutic potential for patients with fibrotic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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11
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Yu A, Shepherd B, Wagner M, Clapper J, Esson JM. Development of polymer-membrane based electrodes for suramin. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 686:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Masaki N, Koyama T, Yoshimura I, Hamada C. Optimal two-stage designs allowing flexibility in number of subjects for phase II clinical trials. J Biopharm Stat 2010; 19:721-31. [PMID: 20183436 DOI: 10.1080/10543400902964167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phase II clinical trials are conducted to test whether a drug has a minimum desired effect and to assess whether further development of the drug is warranted. They are often designed as one-arm trials with response rate as the primary endpoint, and a two-stage design is often used to ensure early termination of the trial for futility. To control the type I error rate and guarantee the specified power of the study, planned sample sizes for both stages must be rigidly followed, but a literature review suggests that actual sample size often differs from that planned. We propose to extend simple two-stage designs to allow more flexible sampling plans in both stages. Our designs are preferable to similar extensions proposed to control type I and II error probabilities. Additionally, our assumptions regarding distribution of the actual sample size at the end of stage 1 are more lenient. A list of optimal designs for typical error rates and the selected null and alternative response rates is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Bristol-Myers K.K, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Mauriz JL, González-Gallego J. Antiangiogenic drugs: current knowledge and new approaches to cancer therapy. J Pharm Sci 2009; 97:4129-54. [PMID: 18200520 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis--process of new blood-vessel growth from existing vasculature--is an integral part of both normal developmental processes and numerous pathologies such as cancer, ischemic diseases and chronic inflammation. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role facilitating tumour growth and the metastatic process, and it is the result of a dynamic balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. The potential to block tumour growth and metastases by angiogenesis inhibition represents an intriguing approach to the cancer treatment. Angiogenesis continues to be a topic of major scientific interest; and there are currently more antiangiogenic drugs in cancer clinical trials than those that fit into any other mechanistic category. Based on preclinical studies, researchers believe that targeting the blood vessels which support tumour growth could help treatment of a broad range of cancers. Angiogenic factors or their receptors, endothelial cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinases or endothelial cell adhesion, are the main targets of an increasing number of clinical trials approved to test the tolerance and therapeutic efficacy of antiangiogenic agents. Unfortunately, contrary to initial expectations, it has been described that antiangiogenic treatment can cause different toxicities in cancer patients. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of current attempts to inhibit tumour angiogenesis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Mauriz
- Ciberehd and Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus of Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Medina MA, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Quesada AR. Challenges of antiangiogenic cancer therapy: trials and errors, and renewed hope. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:374-82. [PMID: 17635633 PMCID: PMC3922346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibition has been proposed as a general strategy to fight cancer. However, in spite of the promising preclinical results, a first generation of antiangiogenic compounds yielded poor results in clinical trials. Conceptual errors and mistakes in the design of trials and in the definition of clinical end-points could account for these negative results. In this context of discouraging results, a second generation of antiangiogenic therapies is showing positive results in phases II and III trials at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In fact, several combined treatments with conventional chemotherapy and antiangiogenic compounds have been recently approved. The discovery and pharmacological development of future generations of angiogenesis inhibitors will benefit from further advances in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in human angiogenesis. New styles of trials are necessary, to avoid missing potential therapeutic effects. Different clinical end-points, new surrogate biomarkers and methods of imaging will be helpful in this process. Real efficacy in clinical trials may come with the combined use of antiangiogenic agents with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and combinations of several antiangiogenic compounds with different mechanisms of action. Finally, the existing antiangiogenic strategies should include other approaches such as vascular targeting or angioprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Spain.
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Bhargava S, Hotz B, Hines OJ, Reber HA, Buhr HJ, Hotz HG. Suramin inhibits not only tumor growth and metastasis but also angiogenesis in experimental pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11:171-8. [PMID: 17390169 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-006-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Suramin inhibits the proliferation of several human tumors in vivo and in vitro. In this study, the effects of Suramin on proliferation and angiogenesis were investigated in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and in an orthotopic nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. The effects of Suramin on proliferation, viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were studied in five human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Suramin inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and reduced viability at high concentrations. Cell cycle analysis revealed a decreased S-phase fraction in most cell lines, whereas the apoptotic fraction was not notably different. In vivo treatment with Suramin significantly reduced pancreatic tumor size (MiaPaCa-2, -74%; AsPC-1, -41%; and Capan-1, -49%) and metastatic spread (MiaPaCa-2, -79%; AsPC-1, -34%; and Capan, -38%). As a parameter for angiogenic activity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was measured, revealing reduced VEGF concentrations under Suramin treatment in both cell culture medium and ascites. Also, microvessel density quantified in primary tumors was reduced in animals treated with Suramin. Therefore, Suramin inhibits the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effects seem to involve cell cycle kinetics and may be in part related to the antiangiogenic action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bhargava
- Department of Surgery, Charité--Medical School Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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Dua P, Ingle A, Gude RP. Suramin augments the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of pentoxifylline inB16F10 melanoma. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:1600-8. [PMID: 17582610 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rapid tumor growth and metastasis are 2 major problems associated with treatment of malignant melanoma. Therefore, drugs that can intervene these processes are of clinical importance. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl xanthine derivative, has been shown to inhibit B16F10 melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. We hypothesized that suramin when combined with PTX enhances its antineoplastic effects, which we have examined using the B16F10 mouse melanoma model. Suramin in simultaneous or sequential combination potentiated the cytotoxic effects of PTX on B16F10 cells. PTX arrested cells in the G0-G1 phase and suramin augmented the effects. Both the drugs inhibited F10 adhesion to laminin, matrigel and collagen type IV and showed enhanced inhibition in combination The combination also demonstrated significantly higher inhibition in cell motility (p = 0.002) and invasion through matrigel (p = 0.005) as compared to the single agents. Suramin synergized with PTX in its effects on secretion of MMP-9 gelatinase. DBA2/J mice implanted with intradermal B16F10 tumor were used as a model to study tumor growth. Animals were intratumorally treated with 50 mg/kg of PTX, 10 mg/kg of suramin and their combinations. Simultaneous administration of the drugs inhibited tumor growth by 5- to 6-folds. Tumor growth was completely blocked in sequential regimen with regression in some cases. The number and size of metastatic nodules on lung was also reduced significantly by the combination treatment. In conclusion, the novel combination of PTX and suramin has synergistic antitumor and antimetastatic activity in B16F10 melanoma and may be a promising approach in treatment of patients suffering from malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dua
- Gude Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Quesada AR, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Medina MA. Anti-angiogenic drugs: from bench to clinical trials. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:483-530. [PMID: 16652370 DOI: 10.1002/med.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new capillaries through a process of pre-existing microvessel sprouting, is under stringent control and normally occurs only during embryonic and post-embryonic development, reproductive cycle, and wound repair. However, in many pathological conditions (solid tumor progression, metastasis, diabetic retinopathy, hemangioma, arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis among others), the disease appears to be associated with persistent upregulated angiogenesis. The development of specific anti-angiogenic agents arises as an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases. The formation of new blood vessels is a complex multi-step process. Endothelial cells resting in the parent vessels are activated by an angiogenic signal and stimulated to synthesize and release degradative enzymes allowing endothelial cells to migrate, proliferate and finally differentiate to give rise to capillary tubules. Any of these steps may be a potential target for pharmacological intervention. In spite of the disappointing results obtained initially in clinical trials with anti-angiogenic drugs, recent reports with positive results in phases II and III trials encourage expectations in their therapeutic potential. This review discusses the current approaches for the discovery of new compounds that inhibit angiogenesis, with emphasis on the clinical developmental status of anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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18
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Kanda S, Miyata Y, Kanetake H. Current status and perspective of antiangiogenic therapy for cancer: urinary cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2006; 11:90-107. [PMID: 16622744 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-006-0565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered a prerequisite for solid tumor growth. Antiangiogenic therapy reduces tumor size and extends host survival in a number of preclinical animal models. However, in humans antiangiogenic therapy is a poor promoter of tumor regression and has shown minimal effect on patient survival. In urinary cancers, such as renal cell cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer, advanced refractory disease is a good candidate for antiangiogenic therapy because of its resistance to ordinary chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Unique characteristics of molecular mechanisms underlie the induction of angiogenesis in urinary cancers. In this review, we summarize these unique mechanisms and review the results of clinical trials of antiangiogenic therapy for these cancers, discussing prospects and problems relating to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kanda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Endothelial Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
The behavior of the proteome reflects spatial and temporal organization both within and without cells. We propose that various macromolecular entities possessing polyanionic character such as proteoglycans, lipid bilayer surfaces, microtubules, microfilaments, and polynucleotides may provide a functional network that mediates a variety of cellular phenomena. The interaction of proteins with this array of polyanions is characterized by a lower degree of specificity than seen with most commonly recognized macromolecular interactions. In this commentary, potential roles for this polyanion network in diverse functions such as protein/protein interactions, protein folding and stabilization, macromolecular transport, and various disease processes are all considered, as well as the use of polyanions as therapeutic agents. The role of small polyanions in the regulation of protein/polyanion interactions is also postulated. We provide preliminary experimental analysis of the extent to which proteins interact with polyanions inside cells using a combination of two-dimensional chromatographic and electrophoretic methods and antibody arrays. We conclude that many hundreds to thousands of such interactions are present in cells and argue that future understanding of the proteome will require that the "polyanion world" be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaToya S Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-3729, USA
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