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Liu D, Tang X, Huang Z, Wen J, Zhou Y. Histone deacetylase HDAC2 regulates microRNA-125a expression in neuroblastoma. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2401. [PMID: 35060363 PMCID: PMC8865159 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is an infrequent childhood malignancy of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and is accountable for about 10% of pediatric tumors. microRNA (miR)-125a has been implicated to serve as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. Herein, we set out to ascertain whether miR-125a exerts antitumor effects in NB. METHODS Downregulated miRNAs were identified by miRNA microarray analysis of NB tissues and paracancerous tissues. The expression of miR-125a in NB tissues and cells was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR, followed by prognostic analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Hoechst staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot. NB cells were injected into nude mice to detect tumorigenic, apoptotic, and differentiation activities in vivo. Dual-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were carried out to verify the binding relationship between miR-125a and PHOX2B or histone deacetylases 2 (HDAC2), respectively. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted. RESULTS miR-125a was downregulated in NB tissues and cells, which was associated with poor prognosis. miR-125a reduced NB cell proliferation and augmented apoptosis and differentiation. NB cells with miR-125a overexpression decreased cell tumorigenesis and increased apoptosis and differentiation in xenograft tumor tissues. miR-125a targeted PHOX2B, which was highly expressed in NB tissues and cells. HDAC2, highly expressed in NB tissues and cells, repressed miR-125a transcription through histone deacetylation. Overexpression of HDAC2 or PHOX2B rescued the effects of miR-125a on NB cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. CONCLUSION HDAC2 inhibited miR-125a transcription through deacetylation, and miR-125a suppressed NB development through binding to PHOX2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xianglian Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jiabing Wen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, P.R. China
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most common solid tumors in infancy. Amplification of MYCN, copy number alterations, numerical and segmental chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and rearrangements on a handful of genes, such as ALK, ATRX, TP53, RAS/MAPK pathway genes, and TERT, are attributed as underlying causes that give rise to NB. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease-along with the relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations-reinforces the need to understand the interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in the context of NB. Epigenetic mechanisms tightly control gene expression, embryogenesis, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and tumorigenesis, thereby playing a pivotal role in physio- and pathological settings. The main epigenetic alterations include aberrant DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of posttranslational histone modifications, alterations in chromatin composition and/or architecture, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation and demethylation are mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, respectively, while histone modifications are coordinated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HATs, HDACs), and histone methyltransferases and demethylases (HMTs, HDMs). This article focuses predominately on the crosstalk between the epigenome and NB, and the implications it has on disease diagnosis and treatment.
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O'Brien EM, Selfe JL, Martins AS, Walters ZS, Shipley JM. The long non-coding RNA MYCNOS-01 regulates MYCN protein levels and affects growth of MYCN-amplified rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:217. [PMID: 29466962 PMCID: PMC5822637 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MYCN is amplified in small cell lung cancers and several pediatric tumors, including alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas and neuroblastomas. MYCN protein is known to play a key oncogenic role in both alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas and neuroblastomas. MYCN opposite strand (MYCNOS) is a gene located on the antisense strand to MYCN that encodes alternatively spliced transcripts, two of which (MYCNOS-01 and MYCNOS-02) are known to be expressed in neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer with reciprocal regulation between MYCNOS-02 and MYCN reported for neuroblastomas. We sought to determine a functional role for MYCNOS-01 in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma cells and identify any associated regulatory effects between MYCN and MYCNOS-01. Methods MYCNOS-01, MYCNOS-02 and MYCN expression levels were assessed in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma cell lines and tumor samples from patients using Affymetrix microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR. Following MYCNOS-01 or MYCN siRNA knockdown and MYCNOS-01 overexpression, transcript levels were assayed by quantitative RT-PCR and MYCN protein expression assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Additionally, effects on cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle profiles were determined by a metabolic assay, caspase activity and flow cytometry, respectively. Results MYCNOS-01 transcript levels were generally higher in NB and RMS tumor samples and cell lines with MYCN genomic amplification. RNA interference of MYCNOS-01 expression did not alter MYCN transcript levels but decreased MYCN protein levels. Conversely, MYCN reduction increased MYCNOS-01 transcript levels, creating a negative feedback loop on MYCN protein levels. Reduction of MYCNOS-01 or MYCN expression decreased cell growth in MYCN-amplified alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. This is consistent with MYCNOS-01-mediated regulation of MYCN contributing to the phenotype observed. Conclusions An alternative transcript of MYCNOS, MYCNOS-01, post-transcriptionally regulates MYCN levels and affects growth in MYCN-amplified rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4129-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M O'Brien
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Joanna L Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ana Sofia Martins
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Zoë S Walters
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Janet M Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK.
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Hsu CL, Chang HY, Chang JY, Hsu WM, Huang HC, Juan HF. Unveiling MYCN regulatory networks in neuroblastoma via integrative analysis of heterogeneous genomics data. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36293-36310. [PMID: 27167114 PMCID: PMC5095001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN, an oncogenic transcription factor of the Myc family, is a major driver of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Due to the difficulty in drugging MYCN directly, revealing the molecules in MYCN regulatory networks will help to identify effective therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma therapy. Here we perform ChIP-sequencing and small RNA-sequencing of neuroblastoma cells to determine the MYCN-binding sites and MYCN-associated microRNAs, and integrate various types of genomic data to construct MYCN regulatory networks. The overall analysis indicated that MYCN-regulated genes were involved in a wide range of biological processes and could be used as signatures to identify poor-prognosis MYCN-non-amplified patients. Analysis of the MYCN binding sites showed that MYCN principally served as an activator. Using a computational approach, we identified 32 MYCN co-regulators, and some of these findings are supported by previous studies. Moreover, we investigated the interplay between MYCN transcriptional and microRNA post-transcriptional regulations and identified several microRNAs, such as miR-124-3p and miR-93-5p, which may significantly contribute to neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We also found MYCN and its regulated microRNAs acted together to repress the tumor suppressor genes. This work provides a comprehensive view of MYCN regulations for exploring therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma, as well as insights into the mechanism of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yun Chang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Fabian J, Lodrini M, Oehme I, Schier MC, Thole TM, Hielscher T, Kopp-Schneider A, Opitz L, Capper D, von Deimling A, Wiegand I, Milde T, Mahlknecht U, Westermann F, Popanda O, Roels F, Hero B, Berthold F, Fischer M, Kulozik AE, Witt O, Deubzer HE. GRHL1 acts as tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma and is negatively regulated by MYCN and HDAC3. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2604-16. [PMID: 24419085 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonic solid tumor of neural crest origin and accounts for 11% of all cancer-related deaths in children. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently required. MYCN oncogene amplification, which occurs in 20% of neuroblastomas, is a hallmark of high risk. Here, we aimed to exploit molecular mechanisms that can be pharmacologically addressed with epigenetically modifying drugs, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Grainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1), a gene critical for Drosophila neural development, belonged to the genes most strongly responding to HDAC inhibitor treatment of neuroblastoma cells in a genome-wide screen. An increase in the histone H4 pan-acetylation associated with its promoter preceded transcriptional activation. Physically adjacent, HDAC3 and MYCN colocalized to the GRHL1 promoter and repressed its transcription. High-level GRHL1 expression in primary neuroblastomas correlated on transcriptional and translational levels with favorable patient survival and established clinical and molecular markers for favorable tumor biology, including lack of MYCN amplification. Enforced GRHL1 expression in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells with low endogenous GRHL1 levels abrogated anchorage-independent colony formation, inhibited proliferation, and retarded xenograft growth in mice. GRHL1 knockdown in MYCN single-copy cells with high endogenous GRHL1 levels promoted colony formation. GRHL1 regulated 170 genes genome-wide, and most were involved in pathways regulated during neuroblastomagenesis, including nervous system development, proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cellular differentiation. In summary, the data presented here indicate a significant role of HDAC3 in the MYCN-mediated repression of GRHL1 and suggest drugs that block HDAC3 activity and suppress MYCN expression as promising candidates for novel treatment strategies of high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fabian
- Authors' Affiliations: Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology; Departments of Biostatistics and Tumor Genetics; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology; Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Departments of Neuropathology and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Transcriptome Analysis Laboratory, University of Goettingen, Goettingen; St. Lukas Klinik Solingen, Solingen; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lodrini M, Oehme I, Schroeder C, Milde T, Schier MC, Kopp-Schneider A, Schulte JH, Fischer M, De Preter K, Pattyn F, Castoldi M, Muckenthaler MU, Kulozik AE, Westermann F, Witt O, Deubzer HE. MYCN and HDAC2 cooperate to repress miR-183 signaling in neuroblastoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6018-33. [PMID: 23625969 PMCID: PMC3695529 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN is a master regulator controlling many processes necessary for tumor cell survival. Here, we unravel a microRNA network that causes tumor suppressive effects in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. In profiling studies, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatment most strongly induced miR-183. Enforced miR-183 expression triggered apoptosis, and inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation in vitro and xenograft growth in mice. Furthermore, the mechanism of miR-183 induction was found to contribute to the cell death phenotype induced by HDAC inhibitors. Experiments to identify the HDAC(s) involved in miR-183 transcriptional regulation showed that HDAC2 depletion induced miR-183. HDAC2 overexpression reduced miR-183 levels and counteracted the induction caused by HDAC2 depletion or HDAC inhibitor treatment. MYCN was found to recruit HDAC2 in the same complexes to the miR-183 promoter, and HDAC2 depletion enhanced promoter-associated histone H4 pan-acetylation, suggesting epigenetic changes preceded transcriptional activation. These data reveal miR-183 tumor suppressive properties in neuroblastoma that are jointly repressed by MYCN and HDAC2, and suggest a novel way to bypass MYCN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lodrini
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology (G340), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hwang IY, Roe JS, Seol JH, Kim HR, Cho EJ, Youn HD. pVHL-mediated transcriptional repression of c-Myc by recruitment of histone deacetylases. Mol Cells 2012; 33:195-201. [PMID: 22286234 PMCID: PMC3887712 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of Myc are to regulate cell growth,apoptosis, cell differentiation and stem-cell self-renewal. Abnormal accumulation of c-Myc is able to induce excessive proliferation of normal cells. von Hippel-Lindau protein(pVHL) is a key regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF1α), thus accumulation and hyperactivation of HIF1α is the most prominent feature of VHL-mutated renal cell carcinoma. Interestingly, the Myc pathway is reported to be activated in renal cell carcinoma even though the precise molecular mechanism still remains to be established. Here, we demonstrated that pVHL locates at the c-Myc promoter region through physical interaction with Myc. Furthermore, pVHL reinforces HDAC1/2 recruitment to the Myc promoter, which leads to the auto-suppression of Myc. Therefore, one possible mechanism of Myc auto-suppression by pVHL entails removing histone acetylation. Our study identifies a novel mechanism for pVHL-mediated negative regulation of c-Myc transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Hwang
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Ja-Hwan Seol
- National Research Laboratory for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- National Research Laboratory for Chromatin Dynamics, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Research Laboratory for Metabolic Checkpoint, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742,
Korea
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Francisco R, Pérez-Perarnau A, Cortés C, Gil J, Tauler A, Ambrosio S. Histone deacetylase inhibition induces apoptosis and autophagy in human neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 318:42-52. [PMID: 22186300 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid extracranial tumor in children. Here we showed that trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), decreases cell viability in three NB cell lines of different phenotypes. The treatment leads to G2/M-phase arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy induction accompanies apoptosis in the most proliferative, N-Myc overexpressing cells. In contrast, autophagy precedes apoptosis and acts as a protective mechanism in the less proliferative, non-N-Myc overexpressing cells. Therefore, the autophagy induction is a relevant event in the NB response to HDACis, and it should be considered in the design of new treatments for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Francisco
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Dep. Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Feixa Llarga s/n., Barcelona, Spain
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Kasiappan R, Shih HJ, Wu MH, Choy C, Lin TD, Chen L, Hsu HL. The antagonism between MCT-1 and p53 affects the tumorigenic outcomes. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:311. [PMID: 21138557 PMCID: PMC3019166 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MCT-1 oncoprotein accelerates p53 protein degradation via a proteosome pathway. Synergistic promotion of the xenograft tumorigenicity has been demonstrated in circumstance of p53 loss alongside MCT-1 overexpression. However, the molecular regulation between MCT-1 and p53 in tumor development remains ambiguous. We speculate that MCT-1 may counteract p53 through the diverse mechanisms that determine the tumorigenic outcomes. Results MCT-1 has now identified as a novel target gene of p53 transcriptional regulation. MCT-1 promoter region contains the response elements reactive with wild-type p53 but not mutant p53. Functional p53 suppresses MCT-1 promoter activity and MCT-1 mRNA stability. In a negative feedback regulation, constitutively expressed MCT-1 decreases p53 promoter function and p53 mRNA stability. The apoptotic events are also significantly prevented by oncogenic MCT-1 in a p53-dependent or a p53-independent fashion, according to the genotoxic mechanism. Moreover, oncogenic MCT-1 promotes the tumorigenicity in mice xenografts of p53-null and p53-positive lung cancer cells. In support of the tumor growth are irrepressible by p53 reactivation in vivo, the inhibitors of p53 (MDM2, Pirh2, and Cop1) are constantly stimulated by MCT-1 oncoprotein. Conclusions The oppositions between MCT-1 and p53 are firstly confirmed at multistage processes that include transcription control, mRNA metabolism, and protein expression. MCT-1 oncogenicity can overcome p53 function that persistently advances the tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kasiappan
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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A pathologic link between Wilms tumor suppressor gene, WT1, and IFI16. Neoplasia 2008; 10:69-78. [PMID: 18231640 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms tumor gene (WT1) is mutated or deleted in patients with heredofamilial syndromes associated with the development of Wilms tumors, but is infrequently mutated in sporadic Wilms tumors. By comparing the microarray profiles of syndromic versus sporadic Wilms tumors and WT1-inducible Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells, we identified interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), a transcriptional modulator, as a differentially expressed gene and a candidate WT1 target gene. WT1 induction in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells led to strong induction of IFI16 expression and its promoter activity was responsive to the WT1 protein. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that IFI16 and WT1 colocalized in WT1-replete Wilms tumors, but not in normal human midgestation fetal kidneys, suggesting that the ability of WT1 to regulate IFI16 in tumors represented an aberrant pathologic relationship. In addition, endogenous IFI16 and WT1 interacted in vivo in two Wilms tumor cell lines. Furthermore, IFI16 augmented the transcriptional activity of WT1 on both synthetic and physiological promoters. Strikingly, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of either IFI16 or WT1 led to decreased growth of Wilms tumor cells. These data suggest that IFI16 and WT1, in certain cellular context including sporadic Wilms tumors, may support cell survival.
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Hamner JB, Sims TL, Cutshaw A, Dickson PV, Rosati S, McGee M, Ng CY, Davidoff AM. The efficacy of combination therapy using adeno-associated virus--interferon beta and trichostatin A in vitro and in a murine model of neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43:177-82; discussion 182-3. [PMID: 18206478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trichostatin A (TSA) is a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor and has demonstrated significant antitumor activity against a variety of cancer cell lines. Type I interferons have also shown significant antitumor as well as antiangiogenic activity. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of combination therapy of TSA and interferon beta (IFN-beta) on human neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo using a murine model of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS For in vitro experiments, plated human neuroblastoma cells (NB-1643 and NB-1691) were treated with vehicle or with IFN-beta, TSA, or both for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed by counting cells and expressing the results as a percentage of controls. Expression of the tumor suppressor p21(Waf1) was assessed by Western blot. For in vivo experiments, retroperitoneal neuroblastomas were established in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice. Interferon beta was given using a gene therapy approach, administering 1.5 x 10(10) particles of an adeno-associated virus vector encoding human IFN-beta (AAV hIFN-beta) via tail vein as a single dose per mouse. Trichostatin A was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 48 hours subcutaneously. Treatment groups included controls, AAV hIFN-beta alone, TSA alone, and AAV hIFN-beta together with TSA. Tumor volume was assessed 2 weeks after the treatment began. RESULTS After 24 hours, treatment with IFN-beta, TSA, and a combination of both resulted in a 45.3%, 68.1%, and 75% reduction in cell count relative to controls in the NB-1691 cell line. In the NB-1643 line, cell counts were reduced by 23%, 58%, and 62.3% respectively. In addition, NB-1691 cells treated with TSA showed increased expression of p21(Waf1) on Western blot. For in vivo experiments, control-, AAV hIFN-beta-, TSA-, and combination-treated tumors had the following final volumes: 1577.7 +/- 264.2 mm(3) (n = 3); 128.5 +/- 74.4 mm(3) (n = 4; P = .0001); 1248.7 +/- 673.9 mm(3) (n = 4; P = .48); and 127.5 +/- 36.8 mm(3) (n = 4; P = .0007), respectively. CONCLUSION Neuroblastoma, because of its unique biology, continues to be a challenging tumor to treat, and many times these tumors are refractory to standard chemotherapeutic regimens. These data show that both TSA and IFN-beta inhibit neuroblastoma growth and that the combination may potentially provide a unique way to treat this difficult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Hamner
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Lázcoz P, Muñoz J, Nistal M, Pestaña A, Encío IJ, Castresana JS. Loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability on chromosome arm 10q in neuroblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 174:1-8. [PMID: 17350460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated by various mechanisms, including promoter hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity. We screened the 10q locus for loss of heterozygosity and the promoter methylation status of PTEN, MGMT, MXI1, and FGFR2 in neuroblastic tumors and neuroblastoma cell lines. Expression of these genes in cell lines was analyzed with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Loss of heterozygosity at 10q was detected in 18% of tumors and microsatellite instability in 14%. Promoter hypermethylation of MGMT appeared in 8% of tumors and 25% of cell lines. Correlation between methylation status and lack of expression was evident for PTEN, FGFR2, and MXI1 and was less clear for MGMT. No associations between these alterations and MYCN amplification, 1p deletion, or aggressive tumor histology could be demonstrated, singly or in combination. These data suggest that 10q alterations might be implicated in the development of a small number of neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lázcoz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Kuo HC, Moore JD, Krebs JE. Histone H2A and Spt10 cooperate to regulate induction and autoregulation of the CUP1 metallothionein. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:104-11. [PMID: 15501826 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411437200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential cellular cofactor that becomes toxic at high levels. Copper homeostasis is tightly regulated by opposing mechanisms that control copper import, export, and copper binding capacity within the cell. High levels of copper induce the expression of metallothioneins, small sulfhydryl-rich proteins with high metal binding capabilities that serve as neutralizers of toxic levels of metals. In yeast, the CUP1 gene encodes a copper metallothionein that is strongly induced in response to metals and other stress and is subsequently rapidly down-regulated. Activation of CUP1 is mediated by the copper-responsive transcriptional activator AceI, and also requires the histone acetylase Spt10 for full induction. We have examined the role of histone H2A in the normal regulation of the CUP1 gene. We have shown that specific H2A mutations in combination with spt10 deletions result in aberrant regulation of CUP1 expression. Certain lysine mutations in H2A alleviate the transcriptional defect in spt10 Delta strains, though CUP1 activation is still delayed in these mutants; however, CUP1 shutdown is normal. In contrast, serine mutations in H2A prevent CUP1 shutdown when combined with spt10 deletions. In addition, swi/snf mutants exhibit both impaired CUP1 induction and failure to shut down CUP1 normally. Finally, different Spt10-dependent histone acetylation events correlate with induction and shutdown. Taken together, these data indicate that CUP1 transcriptional shutdown, like induction, is an active process controlled by the chromatin structure of the gene. These results provide new insights for the role of chromatin structure in metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Kuo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
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