Downs TM, Schultzel M, Shi H, Sanders C, Tahir Z, Sadler GR. Renal cell carcinoma: risk assessment and prognostic factors for newly diagnosed patients.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008;
70:59-70. [PMID:
18993080 DOI:
10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.08.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma is the most effective treatment for patients with localized disease. In patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, immune modulation-based therapies are typically used to improve cancer-specific survival. Similar to most cancers, tumor grade and stage are linked to the tumor's biologic potential. Integrating these factors with patients' performance status can help predict their long-term disease-free survival, the likelihood of tumor recurrence, and the median time to failure following surgery and immunotherapy. A novel integrated staging system and a postoperative renal cell carcinoma specific nomogram, along with standardized quality of life assessments have been shown to be useful clinical tools to aid in patient counseling, determining optimal follow-up imaging protocols, and identifying patients who might benefit from early enrollment in adjuvant therapy protocols. This article offers clinicians a review and summary of the most recent evidence-based research related to risk assessment among patients with newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma.
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