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Walker RL, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Transcriptional regulation and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) in sarcoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116342. [PMID: 38848777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sarcomas include various subtypes comprising two significant groups - soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Although the survival rate for some sarcoma subtypes has improved over time, the current methods of treatment remain efficaciously limited, as recurrent, and metastatic diseases remain a major obstacle. There is a need for better options and therapeutic strategies in treating sarcoma. Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a transcriptional kinase and has emerged as a promising target for treating various cancers. The aberrant expression and activation of CDK9 have been observed in several sarcoma subtypes, including rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chordoma. Enhanced CDK9 expression has also been correlated with poorer prognosis in sarcoma patients. As a master regulator of transcription, CDK9 promotes transcription elongation by phosphorylation and releasing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from its promoter proximal pause. Release of RNAPII from this pause induces transcription of critical genes in the tumor cell. Overexpression and activation of CDK9 have been observed to lead to the expression of oncogenes, including MYC and MCL-1, that aid sarcoma development and progression. Inhibition of CDK9 in sarcoma has been proven to reduce these oncogenes' expression and decrease proliferation and growth in different sarcoma cells. Currently, there are several CDK9 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations. This review aims to highlight the recent discovery and results on the transcriptional role and therapeutic potential of CDK9 in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Walker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA.
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2
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Kim R, Kin T, Beck WT. Impact of Complex Apoptotic Signaling Pathways on Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:984. [PMID: 38473345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs induce apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death in various cancer types. The signaling pathways for anticancer drug-induced apoptotic cell death have been shown to differ between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. In atypical multidrug-resistant leukemia cells, the c-Jun/activator protein 1 (AP-1)/p53 signaling pathway leading to apoptotic death is altered. Cancer cells treated with anticancer drugs undergo c-Jun/AP-1-mediated apoptotic death and are involved in c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153)/CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein pathway induction, regardless of the p53 genotype. Gadd153 induction is associated with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization after anticancer drug treatment and involves a coupled endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs is mediated by the intrinsic pathway (cytochrome c, Cyt c) and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade via proapoptotic genes (e.g., Bax and Bcl-xS) and their interactions. Anticancer drug-induced apoptosis involves caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways and occurs via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The targeting of antiapoptotic genes such as Bcl-2 enhances anticancer drug efficacy. The modulation of apoptotic signaling by Bcl-xS transduction increases the sensitivity of multidrug resistance-related protein-overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs. The significance of autophagy in cancer therapy remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cancer cell death-related signaling pathways and their alterations during anticancer drug treatment and discuss potential strategies to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - William T Beck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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Rodríguez-Medina C, Stuckey R, Bilbao-Sieyro C, Gómez-Casares MT. Biomarkers of Response to Venetoclax Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1421. [PMID: 38338698 PMCID: PMC10855565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the use of massive sequencing technologies has greatly enhanced our understanding of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathology. This knowledge has in turn driven the development of targeted therapies, such as venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor approved for use in combination with azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of newly diagnosed adult patients with AML who are not eligible for intensive chemotherapy. However, a significant number of AML patients still face the challenge of disease relapse. In this review, we will explore biomarkers that may predict disease progression in patients receiving venetoclax-based therapy, considering both clinical factors and genetic changes. Despite the many advances, we conclude that the identification of molecular profiles for AML patients who will respond optimally to venetoclax therapy remains an unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodríguez-Medina
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Ruth Stuckey
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
| | - Cristina Bilbao-Sieyro
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
- Morphology Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Casares
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (R.S.); (C.B.-S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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4
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Patel NM, Geropoulos G, Patel PH, Bhogal RH, Harrington KJ, Singanayagam A, Kumar S. The Role of Mucin Expression in the Diagnosis of Oesophago-Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5252. [PMID: 37958425 PMCID: PMC10650431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival in oesophago-gastric cancer (OGC) is poor due to early diagnostic challenges. Non-invasive risk stratification may identify susceptible patients with pre-malignant or benign disease. Following diagnostic confirmation with endoscopic biopsy, early OGC may be treated sooner. Mucins are transmembrane glycoproteins implicated in OGC with potential use as biomarkers of malignant transformation. This systematic review defines the role of mucins in OGC diagnosis. A literature search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA protocols for studies published January 1960-December 2022. Demographic data and data on mucin sampling and analysis methods were extracted. The review included 124 studies (n = 11,386 patients). Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAc) was the commonest OG malignancy (n = 101) followed by oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAc, n = 24) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSqCc, n = 10). Mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 were the most frequently implicated. High MUC1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis and metastases in OSqCc. MUC2 expression decreases during progression from healthy mucosa to OAc, causing reduced protection from gastric acid. MUC5AC was upregulated, and MUC6 downregulated in GAc. Mucin expression varies in OGC; changes may be epigenetic or mutational. Profiling upper GI mucin expression in OGC, with pre-malignant, benign and healthy controls may identify potential early diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Manish Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Georgios Geropoulos
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pranav Harshad Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ricky Harminder Bhogal
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kevin Joseph Harrington
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sacheen Kumar
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London Hospital, London SW1X 7HY, UK
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Luo X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Pan W, Yang Y, Li X, Chen L, Wang C, Wang Y. Emerging roles of i-motif in gene expression and disease treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136251. [PMID: 37021044 PMCID: PMC10067743 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As non-canonical nucleic acid secondary structures consisting of cytosine-rich nucleic acids, i-motifs can form under certain conditions. Several i-motif sequences have been identified in the human genome and play important roles in biological regulatory functions. Due to their physicochemical properties, these i-motif structures have attracted attention and are new targets for drug development. Herein, we reviewed the characteristics and mechanisms of i-motifs located in gene promoters (including c-myc, Bcl-2, VEGF, and telomeres), summarized various small molecule ligands that interact with them, and the possible binding modes between ligands and i-motifs, and described their effects on gene expression. Furthermore, we discussed diseases closely associated with i-motifs. Among these, cancer is closely associated with i-motifs since i-motifs can form in some regions of most oncogenes. Finally, we introduced recent advances in the applications of i-motifs in multiple areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang Wang
- *Correspondence: Chang Wang, ; Yuqing Wang,
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6
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Vinh Nguyen P, Hervé-Aubert K, Lajoie L, Misericordia Y, Chourpa I, David S, Allard-Vannier E. WITHDRAWN: In vitro synergistic activity of cisplatin and EGFR-targeted nanomedicine of anti-Bcl-xL siRNA in a non-small lung cancer cell line model. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122335. [PMID: 36283640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article was withdrawn from International Journal of Pharmaceutics in order to be published in International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc Vinh Nguyen
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France; School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Katel Hervé-Aubert
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurie Lajoie
- ISP UMR1282, INRAE, équipe BioMAP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Yoann Misericordia
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Igor Chourpa
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie David
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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7
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Nguyen PV, Hervé-Aubert K, Lajoie L, Misericordia Y, Chourpa I, David S, Allard-Vannier E. In vitro synergistic activity of cisplatin and EGFR-targeted nanomedicine of anti-Bcl-xL siRNA in a non-small lung cancer cell line model. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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8
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Sbirkov Y, Vergov B, Mehterov N, Sarafian V. miRNAs in Lymphocytic Leukaemias-The miRror of Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094657. [PMID: 35563051 PMCID: PMC9103677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractory disease and relapse remain the main causes of cancer therapy failure. Refined risk stratification, treatment regimens and improved early diagnosis and detection of minimal residual disease have increased cure rates in malignancies like childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) to 90%. Nevertheless, overall survival in the context of drug resistance remains poor. The regulatory role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in cell differentiation, homeostasis and tumorigenesis has been under extensive investigation in different cancers. There is accumulating data demonstrating the significance of miRNAs for therapy outcomes in lymphoid malignancies and some direct demonstrations of the interplay between these small molecules and drug response. Here, we summarise miRNAs' impact on chemotherapy resistance in adult and paediatric ALL and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The main focus of this review is on the modulation of particular signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT, transcription factors such as NF-κB, and apoptotic mediators, all of which are bona fide and pivotal elements orchestrating the survival of malignant lymphocytic cells. Finally, we discuss the attractive strategy of using mimics, antimiRs and other molecular approaches pointing at miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets. Such novel strategies to circumvent ALL and CLL resistance networks may potentially improve patients' responses and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Bozhidar Vergov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.V.); (N.M.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (V.S.)
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9
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhao T, Dang C. METTL3‑mediated m6A modification of Bcl‑2 mRNA promotes non‑small cell lung cancer progression. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:163. [PMID: 34132367 PMCID: PMC8218297 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferase‑like 3 (METTL3) is an RNA methyltransferase that mediates modification of N6‑methyladenosine (m6A), which serves as an oncogene in various types of cancer. The role of m6A modification in the onset and progression of cancer has attracted growing attention. However, the functional and regulatory mechanisms of METTL3 in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression are still poorly understood. In the present study, METTL3 expression in NSCLC tissue was analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were performed to evaluate the expression of METTL3 in NSCLC tissue and cell lines. Here, knockdown and overexpression of METTL3 notably decreased NSCLC cell viability, apoptosis and migration in vitro and, as well as tumorigenicity in vivo. Expression of METTL3 was upregulated in NSCLC tissue. METTL3 overexpression promoted cell viability and migration in NSCLC, while knockdown of METTL3 yielded the opposite result in vivo and in vitro. METTL3 increased Bcl‑2 translation via m6A modification, which increased viability and enhanced migration of NSCLC cells. METTL3 served as an oncogene in NSCLC via METTL3‑mediated Bcl‑2 mRNA m6A modification, which indicated that targeting METTL3 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for clinical management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China,Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Chengxue Dang, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Zhang J, Yang W, Xiao Y, Shan L. MiR-125b Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer SW480 Cells via Targeting STAT3. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:187-194. [PMID: 34238196 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210708165037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Multiple studies have unveiled the key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of various types of cancer. However, the mechanism of action of miR-125b in the development and progression of colon cancer remains unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the association of miR-125b and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and its role in the proliferation and apoptosis of SW480 colon cancer cells. METHODS The miR-125b expression in NCM460, SW480, HT29, and HCT8 cells was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SW480 cells were transfected with lentiviruses of GFP-miR-125b and GFP-NC to establish a stable miR-125b overexpression colon cancer cell model and a control model. The targeting relationship between miR-125b and STAT3 was analyzed using bioinformatics and verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and TUNEL staining. The expression levels of STAT3, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed using Western blot analysis. RESULTS It was found that the relative mRNA expression of miR-125b was decreased in SW480, HT29, and HCT8 cells compared with that in NCM460 cells (P<0.05). The luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that miR-125b downregulated the STAT3 gene expression (P<0.05). Overexpression of miR-125b inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in SW480 colon cancer cells and was accompanied by upregulated Bax expression and downregulated Bcl-2 expression (P<0.05). Re-expression of STAT3 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 expression increased, and Bax expression decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The miR-125b regulates the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 by downregulating the expression of STAT3, thereby inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of SW480 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yunxi Xiao
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Linlin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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Hou L, Zhang C, Yu X, Zhang Y, Du L, Chen J, Zheng Q, Hou J. Evaluation of CVC1302 for Improved Efficacy of FMD-Inactivated Vaccine in Oxidative Stressed Mice Generated with PCV2 Infection. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:428-436. [PMID: 33973807 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of the immunopotentiator CVC1302 on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination in animals placed under oxidative stress. We established oxidative stress models using porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infected PK-15 cells and mice model both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The efficacy of CVC1302 on PK-15 cells or in addition to the FMD vaccine was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, histopathological and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. CVC1302 affected apoptosis of PCV2-infected PK-15 cells and significantly inhibited PCV2 replication, while it had no effect on the viability for blank PK-15 cell in vitro test with varying dilutions of CVC1302. Results showed that PCV2 induced a strong oxidative stress response in mice. CVC1302 reduced the viral load in spleen of PCV2-infected mice and ameliorated the pathological injury of spleen. Furthermore, CVC1302 significantly increased IgG antibody titer, cytokine expression, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase concentrations, and glutathione content in mice immunized with FMD vaccine. In conclusion, CVC1302 inhibits PCV2 replication and regulates oxidative stress in PCV2-infected mice, which can improve the immune efficacy of the FMD vaccine, providing a safe and effective immune enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Hou
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenxin Zhang
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhang
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luping Du
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qisheng Zheng
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jibo Hou
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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12
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Tan YQ, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhu T, Garg M, Lobie PE, Pandey V. Mitochondria: The metabolic switch of cellular oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188534. [PMID: 33794332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well recognized as the "powerhouse" of cells, are maternally inherited organelles with bacterial ancestry that play essential roles in a myriad of cellular functions. It has become profoundly evident that mitochondria regulate a wide array of cellular and metabolic functions, including biosynthetic metabolism, cell signaling, redox homeostasis, and cell survival. Correspondingly, defects in normal mitochondrial functioning have been implicated in various human malignancies. Cancer development involves the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and impairment of apoptotic programs in cells. Mitochondria have been recognized as the site of key metabolic switches for normal cells to acquire a malignant phenotype. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in human malignancies and highlights potential aspects of mitochondrial metabolism that could be targeted for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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13
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Shen X, Corey DR. Chemistry, mechanism and clinical status of antisense oligonucleotides and duplex RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1584-1600. [PMID: 29240946 PMCID: PMC5829639 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA plays a central role in the expression of all genes. Because any sequence within RNA can be recognized by complementary base pairing, synthetic oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide mimics offer a general strategy for controlling processes that affect disease. The two primary antisense approaches for regulating expression through recognition of cellular RNAs are single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides and duplex RNAs. This review will discuss the chemical modifications and molecular mechanisms that make synthetic nucleic acid drugs possible. Lessons learned from recent clinical trials will be summarized. Ongoing clinical trials are likely to decisively test the adequacy of our current generation of antisense nucleic acid technologies and highlight areas where more basic research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Shen
- Departments of Pharmacology & Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - David R Corey
- Departments of Pharmacology & Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
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14
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Kim HY, Jang JE, Ahn DR. Dimeric Human β-Defensin 3 as a Universal Platform for Intracellular Delivery of Nucleic Acid Cargos. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Most of the human genome encodes RNAs that do not code for proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may affect normal gene expression and disease progression, making them a new class of targets for drug discovery. Because their mechanisms of action are often novel, developing drugs to target ncRNAs will involve equally novel challenges. However, many potential problems may already have been solved during the development of technologies to target mRNA. Here, we discuss the growing field of ncRNA - including microRNA, intronic RNA, repetitive RNA and long non-coding RNA - and assess the potential and challenges in their therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Matsui
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, USA
| | - David R Corey
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, USA
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16
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Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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17
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Roschger C, Cabrele C. The Id-protein family in developmental and cancer-associated pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28122577 PMCID: PMC5267474 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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18
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Gao YW, Zhang CH, Zuo XM, Hui XZ. Genetic Basis of Gastric Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 31:192-195. [PMID: 27733228 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(16)30050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the result of multiple risk factors, including environmental factors, genetic factors and the interaction between them. The environmental factors mainly include dietary, Helicobacter pylori infection and family history of gastric cancer. Genetic factors mainly refer to the susceptible genes that cause epigenetic alterations in oncogenes, tumor suppress genes, cell cycle regulators, DNA repair genes and signaling molecules. This paper summarizes the susceptible genes of gastric cancer and explores the genetic basis of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wen Gao
- Department of Surgery, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276828, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276828, China
| | - Xing-Mei Zuo
- Department of Surgery, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276828, China
| | - Xi-Zeng Hui
- Department of Surgery, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276828, China
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19
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Zhai JW, Gao C, Ma WD, Wang W, Yao LP, Xia XX, Luo M, Zu YG, Fu YJ. Geraniin induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 via ROS-mediated stimulation of p38 MAPK. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:311-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1139025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Chen S, Yang K, Tuguntaev RG, Mozhi A, Zhang J, Wang PC, Liang XJ. Targeting tumor microenvironment with PEG-based amphiphilic nanoparticles to overcome chemoresistance. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:269-86. [PMID: 26707818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multidrug resistance is one of the biggest obstacles in the treatment of cancer. Recent research studies highlight that tumor microenvironment plays a predominant role in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting the tumor microenvironment provides a novel strategy for the evolution of cancer nanomedicine. The blooming knowledge about the tumor microenvironment merging with the design of PEG-based amphiphilic nanoparticles can provide an effective and promising platform to address the multidrug resistant tumor cells. This review describes the characteristic features of tumor microenvironment and their targeting mechanisms with the aid of PEG-based amphiphilic nanoparticles for the development of newer drug delivery systems to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer cells. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Many cancers develop multidrug resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents with time and strategies are urgently needed to combat against this. In this review article, the authors discuss the current capabilities of using nanomedicine to target the tumor microenvironments, which would provide new insight to the development of novel delivery systems for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Keni Yang
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruslan G Tuguntaev
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anbu Mozhi
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China.
| | - Paul C Wang
- Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Howard University, WA, DC, USA
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Lab of Nanomaterials Bioeffects and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, PR China.
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Jagani H, Kasinathan N, Meka SR, Josyula VR. Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein as a potential target for cancer therapy: A mini review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1212-21. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1019668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Jagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayanan Kasinathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Meka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkata Rao Josyula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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22
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Chen M, Andersen MØ, Dillschneider P, Chang CC, Gao S, Le DQS, Yang C, Hein S, Bünger C, Kjems J. Co-delivery of siRNA and doxorubicin to cancer cells from additively manufactured implants. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors in load bearing bones are a major clinical problem as recurrence is common after surgery. Void filling scaffolds that kill residual cancer cells by releasing chemotherapy and siRNA/chitosan nanoparticles may offer a solution to this problem.
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23
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Guo R, Overman M, Chatterjee D, Rashid A, Shroff S, Wang H, Katz MH, Fleming JB, Varadhachary GR, Abbruzzese JL, Wang H. Aberrant expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 and their clinicopathological correlation in ampullary adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1015-23. [PMID: 24746206 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the molecular alterations in ampullary adenocarcinoma (AA) are limited, and little is known about their clinical implications. The objective of this study is to examine the expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 and their clinical significance in patients with AA. Tissue microarrays were constructed using archival tissue from 92 patients with AA who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. Each tumor was sampled in triplicate with a 1.0-mm punch from representative areas. The expression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the staining results were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. Among 92 cases studied, overexpression of p53, p21, cyclin D1, and Bcl2 was observed in 58.7%, 39.2%, 71.7%, and 5.4% of tumors, respectively. Patients whose tumor showed high level of cyclin D1 expression had higher risk of disease recurrence (P = .02) and worse recurrence-free and overall survivals after pancreaticoduodenectomy than did those with no or low cyclin D1 expression (P = .027 and P = .02, respectively). In multivariate analysis, cyclin D1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence-free and overall survival (P < .05). However, there was no significant correlation between p53, p21, or Bcl2 expression and survival (P > .05). Our study showed that p53, p21, and cyclin D1, but not Bcl2, are frequently overexpressed in AAs. Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with increased risk of disease recurrence and worse survival in patients with AA after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Stuti Shroff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gauri R Varadhachary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James L Abbruzzese
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.
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Hsu HH, Cheng LH, Ho TJ, Kuo WW, Lin YM, Chen MC, Lee NH, Tsai FJ, Tsai KH, Huang CY. Apicidin-resistant HA22T hepatocellular carcinoma cells massively promote pro-survival capability via IGF-IR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:303-13. [PMID: 23990456 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in the diagnostic and surgical procedures, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat. This may be due to the chemoresistant behaviors of HCC. It is believed that acquired resistance could be overcome and improve the overall survival of HCC patients by understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance in HCC. A stable HA22T cancer line, which is chronically resistant to a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was established. After comparing the molecular mechanism of apicidin-R HA22T cells to parental ones by Western blotting, cell cycle-regulated proteins did not change in apicidin-R cells, but apicidin-R cells were more proliferative and had higher tumor growth (wound-healing assay and nude mice xenograft model). Moreover, apicidin-R cells displayed increased levels of p-IGF-IR, p-PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 but also significantly inhibited the tumor suppressor PTEN protein and apoptotic pathways when compared to the parental strain. Therefore, the highly proliferative effect of apicidin-R HA22T cells was blocked by Akt knockdown. For all these findings, we believe that novel strategies to attenuate IGF-IR/PI3K/Akt signaling could overcome chemoresistance toward the improvement of overall survival of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Genetic variation in BCL2 3'-UTR was associated with lung cancer risk and prognosis in male Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72197. [PMID: 23977251 PMCID: PMC3745400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bcl-2 is a critical apoptosis inhibitor with established carcinogenic potential, and can confer cancer cell resistance to therapeutic treatments by activating anti-apoptotic cellular defense. We hypothesized that genetic variants of BCL2 gene may be associated with lung cancer susceptibility and prognosis. METHODS Three selected tagSNPs of BCL2 (rs2279115, rs1801018, and rs1564483) were genotyped in 1017 paired male Chinese lung cancer cases and controls by TaqMan assay. The associations of these variants with risk of lung cancer and overall survival of 242 male advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were separately investigated. RESULTS Compared with the BCL2 3'UTR rs1564483GG genotype, the rs1564483GA, AA, and GA+AA genotypes were associated with significantly decreased susceptibilities of lung cancer in male Chinese (adjusted OR = 0.78, 0.73, and 0.76, P = 0.016, 0.038, and 0.007, respectively), while rs1564483A allele has a inverse dose-response relationship with lung cancer risk (P trend = 0.010). These effects were more evident in the elders, smokers, and subjects without family history of cancer (P trend = 0.017, 0.043 and 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, advanced NSCLC males carrying BCL2 rs1564483 GA+AA genotypes had significantly longer median survival time (Long-rank P = 0.036) and decreased death risk (adjusted HR = 0.69, P = 0.027) than patients with rs1564483GG genotype. These effects were more obvious in patients with smoking, stage IIIA, and in patients without surgery but underwent chemotherapy or radiotherapy (adjusted HR = 0.68, 0.49, 0.67, 0.69, 0.50, respectively, all P<0.05). CONCLUSION The BCL2 3'UTR rs1564483A allele was associated with a decreased lung cancer risk and better survival for advanced NSCLC in male Chinese, which may offer a novel biomarker for identifying high-risk population and predicting clinical outcomes.
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Lin J, Zheng Y, Chen K, Huang Z, Wu X, Zhang N. Inhibition of FOXM1 by thiostrepton sensitizes medulloblastoma to the effects of chemotherapy. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1739-44. [PMID: 23912794 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and is highly invasive and metastatic. Despite recent advances, most MB patients suffer significant therapy-related morbidity, and the survival rate for patients with metastatic MB remains unsatisfactory. Altered expression of FOXM1 has been detected in many types of cancers, and the inhibition of FOXM1 has been studied as a cancer therapy. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the inhibition of FOXM1 by thiostrepton in Daoy MB cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of thiostrepton alone or in combination with cisplatin. Cell viability was measured with CCK-8 assays, and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Changes in protein expression were examined by western blotting. RNAi experiments were performed using siRNA oligonucleotides. The invasion and migration studies were performed using 8-µm Transwell plates. Inhibition of FOXM1 by thiostrepton significantly decreased MB cell proliferation. Cell arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis were significantly increased in MB cell lines that were treated with thiostrepton or transfected with siRNA. Thiostrepton decreased the IC50 value of cisplatin for MB treatment by enhancing cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Thiostrepton also decreased cell invasion and migration, which are crucial steps for tumor progression. Our data suggest that targeting FOXM1 with small-molecule inhibitors results in potent antitumor activity and chemosensitizing effects in human medulloblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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27
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Li G, Zhang S, Fang H, Yan B, Zhao Y, Feng L, Ma X, Ye X. Aspirin overcomes Navitoclax-resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through suppression of Mcl-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:809-14. [PMID: 23611778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor Navitoclax represents a promising cancer therapeutic since preclinical and clinical studies with Navitoclax have demonstrated strong anticancer activity in several types of cancers. However, because Navitoclax has a low binding affinity to Mcl-1, anticancer activity by Navitoclax is often attenuated by the elevated expression of Mcl-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers, posing a serious problem for its potential clinical utilities. Therefore, approaches that suppress the expression of Mcl-1 are urgently needed to overcome Navitoclax-resistance in these cancers. Here, we reported that aspirin markedly suppressed Mcl-1 expression, and significantly enhanced Navitoclax-mediated cell viability inhibition and apoptosis induction in HCC cells. We further showed that aspirin robustly enhanced Navitoclax-triggered cytosolic cytochrome c release, activation of initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP. Importantly, the cell death induction by the combination could be rescued by a cell-permeable caspase-9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK, indicative of an indispensable role of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway during the combination effect. Taken together, our study suggests that aspirin can be used to enhance Navitoclax-mediated anticancer activity via suppression of Mcl-1. Since aspirin is one of the most commonly used medicines, our findings therefore have translational impacts on Navitoclax-based therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongquan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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28
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Tomizawa A, Kanno SI, Osanai Y, Goto A, Sato C, Yomogida S, Ishikawa M. Induction of apoptosis by a potent caffeic acid derivative, caffeic acid undecyl ester, is mediated by mitochondrial damage in NALM-6 human B cell leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:425-9. [PMID: 23229564 PMCID: PMC3583534 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid esters have various biological activities, and we previously reported that undecyl caffeate (caffeic acid undecyl ester, CAUE), a new caffeic acid derivative, has strong pharmacological activity. The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of both CAUE and its parent compound, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and characterized the mechanisms by which they induce apoptosis in the human B cell leukemia cell line NALM-6. Treatment with CAUE reduced cell survival in NALM-6 cells but had no significant effect on the survival of normal lymphocytes. When assessing the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for cytotoxicity, CAUE had 10-fold higher activity than CAPE in NALM-6 cells. CAUE treatment resulted in induction of apoptotic features in NALM-6 cells, including cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and activated caspase-3. A caspase inhibitor completely blocked CAUE-induced apoptosis. CAUE treatment resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in both mitochondrial membrane potential and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, CAUE-induced apoptosis was enhanced in the Bcl-2 knockdown condition induced by small interfering RNA. These data suggest that CAUE-induced apoptosis was mediated via an apoptotic intrinsic pathway including mitochondrial damage and was caspase-dependent. These data also suggest that CAUE is a powerful anti-leukemic agent that acts via induction of apoptosis by mitochondrial damage and selective action in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tomizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Baicalein inhibits pulmonary carcinogenesis-associated inflammation and interferes with COX-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in-vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Mena S, Rodriguez ML, Ortega A, Priego S, Obrador E, Asensi M, Petschen I, Cerdá M, Brown BD, Estrela JM. Glutathione and Bcl-2 targeting facilitates elimination by chemoradiotherapy of human A375 melanoma xenografts overexpressing bcl-xl, bcl-2, and mcl-1. J Transl Med 2012; 10:8. [PMID: 22233801 PMCID: PMC3268086 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bcl-2 is believed to contribute to melanoma chemoresistance. However, expression of Bcl-2 proteins may be different among melanomas. Thus correlations among expression of Bcl-2-related proteins and in vivo melanoma progression, and resistance to combination therapies, was investigated. METHODS Human A375 melanoma was injected s.c. into immunodeficient nude mice. Protein expression was studied in tumor samples obtained by laser microdisection. Transfection of siRNA or ectopic overexpression were applied to manipulate proteins which are up- or down-regulated, preferentially, during melanoma progression. Anti-bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides and chemoradiotherapy (glutathione-depleting agents, paclitaxel protein-binding particles, daunorubicin, X rays) were administered in combination. RESULTS In vivo A375 cells down-regulated pro-apoptotic bax expression; and up-regulated anti-apoptotic bcl-2, bcl-xl, and mcl-1, however only Bcl-2 appeared critical for long-term tumor cell survival and progression in vivo. Reduction of Bcl-2, combined with partial therapies, decreased melanoma growth. But only Bcl-2 targeting plus the full combination of chemoradiotherapy eradicated A375 melanoma, and led to long-term survival (> 120 days) without recurrence in 80% of mice. Tumor regression was not due to immune stimulation. Hematology and clinical chemistry data were within accepted clinical toxicities. CONCLUSION Strategies to target Bcl-2, may increase the effectiveness of antitumor therapies against melanomas overexpressing Bcl-2 and likely other Bcl-2-related antiapoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Mena
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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van Oosterwijk JG, Herpers B, Meijer D, Briaire-de Bruijn IH, Cleton-Jansen AM, Gelderblom H, van de Water B, Bovée JVMG. Restoration of chemosensitivity for doxorubicin and cisplatin in chondrosarcoma in vitro: BCL-2 family members cause chemoresistance. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:1617-26. [PMID: 22112972 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-forming tumors notorious for their resistance to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. Postulated explanations describe the inaccessibility due to abundant hyaline cartilaginous matrix, presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) pumps, and expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the sensitivity of chondrosarcoma cell lines (SW1353, CH2879, JJ012, OUMS27) and two primary cultures for doxorubicin and cisplatin. We examined the role of extracellular matrix using three-dimensional (3D) pellet models and MDR pump activity using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. The role of BCL-2 family members was investigated using the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. RESULTS Chondrosarcoma cells showed highest resistance to cisplatin. 3D cell pellets, morphologically strongly resembling chondrosarcoma in vivo, confirmed nuclear incorporation of doxorubicin. MDR pump activity was heterogeneous among cultures. Chondrosarcoma cells responded to ABT-737 and combination with doxorubicin led to complete loss of cell viability and apoptosis with cytochrome C release. CONCLUSIONS Despite MDR pump activity and abundance of hyaline cartilaginous matrix, doxorubicin is able to accumulate in the cell nuclei. By repairing the apoptotic machinery, we were able to sensitize chondrosarcoma cells to doxorubicin and cisplatin, indicating an important role for BCL-2 family members in chemoresistance and a promising new treatment strategy for inoperable chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G van Oosterwijk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wrobel G, Chaber R, Rygier J, Bonar J, Muszynska-Roslan K, Chybicka A. Long-term survival of a child with refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma following therapy with an antisense oligonucleotide, topotecan, and vinblastine. Hematol Oncol 2011; 33:52-5. [PMID: 21809366 DOI: 10.1002/hon.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma includes a subset of highly aggressive tumours and has a relapse rate of 30% at 2 years. Relapsed patients often have poor clinical outcome. The use of antisense oligonucleotides to down-regulate Bcl-2 protein can reverse chemotherapy resistance. The authors describe an 11-year-old boy with recurrent anaplastic large cell lymphoma who had received double high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, had refractory disease and then had achieved long-term remission with the use of an antisense oligonucleotides in combination with vinblastine and topotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Wrobel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children Oncology and Haematology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhang ZF, Guo Y, Zhang JB, Wei XH. Induction of apoptosis by chelerythrine chloride through mitochondrial pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 Cell. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:791-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kashiwagi K, Virgona N, Yamada J, Sato A, Ota M, Yazawa T, Yano T. Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor from soybeans enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human mesothelioma cells. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:719-724. [PMID: 22977565 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer with no effective treatment options. Enforced expression of the gap junction (GJ) component connexin 43 (Cx43) increases the sensitivity of MM cells to cisplatin. Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) induces the restoration of Cx43 in several types of tumor cells. In this study, we examined the capability of BBI to enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in MM cells via the induction of Cx43. Human MM H28 cells were used. Cell viability was evaluated by a WST-1 assay and proteasomal activity was determined by fluorometric analysis. Protein and mRNA levels were determined by immunoblot analysis and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. GJ function mediated by Cx43 was evaluated using the scrape-loading method. BBI effectively inhibited H28 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (200-400 μg/ml). In parallel with the growth inhibition, Cx43 levels (mRNA and protein) and GJ function were elevated by BBI treatment. Knockdown of BBI-induced Cx43 by an antisense nucleotide treatment almost cancelled the growth inhibition. BBI enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in H28 cells, and down-regulation of Cx43 by the antisense nucleotide treatment abrogated the enhancing effect of BBI. The induction of Cx43 by BBI contributed to Src inactivation and subsequent induction of Bax. Furthermore, an Src inhibitor (SU6656) also enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in H28 cells. These results suggest that BBI improves the cytotoxic efficacy of cisplatin in H28 cells via the inhibition of Src signaling.
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SÖDERSTRÖM MIRVA, PALOKANGAS TUIRE, VAHLBERG TERO, BÖHLING TOM, ARO HANNU, CARPEN OLLI. Expression of ezrin, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 in chondrosarcomas. APMIS 2010; 118:769-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chen C, Zhou H, Xu L, Xu D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Ma D, Ma Q, Chen Y. Recombinant human PDCD5 sensitizes chondrosarcomas to cisplatin chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis 2010; 15:805-13. [PMID: 20349137 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of chondrosarcoma remains a challenging problem, largely due to the toxicity and resistance of this tumor to conventional chemotherapy. Programmed Cell Death 5 (PDCD5) is a protein that accelerates apoptosis in different cell types in response to various stimuli, and has been shown to be down-regulated in many cancer tissues. In this study, mRNA and protein levels of PDCD5 were found to be up-regulated in cisplatin-treated SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells compared with untreated cells. Recombinant human PDCD5 (rhPDCD5) was also shown to sensitize chondrosarcoma cells to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, with inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis detected both in vitro and in vivo. Increased expression of Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2 were also observed, along with release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. Additionally, cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3, as well as the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), were detected, suggesting that sensitization of chondrosarcoma cells involves the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In vivo, the treatment of a xenograft model of chondrosarcoma with rhPDCD5 and cisplatin significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis compared to treatment with cisplatin alone. Overall, these data provide a theoretical basis for the administration of rhPDCD5 and cisplatin for the treatment of patients with chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
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Novel immunotherapies as potential therapeutic partners for traditional or targeted agents: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade in advanced melanoma. Melanoma Res 2010; 20:1-10. [PMID: 19952852 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e328333bbc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The successful management of advanced melanoma remains an unmet need because of a resolutely poor prognosis and therapeutic options with limited effectiveness. Dacarbazine and fotemustine are the only approved chemotherapeutic agents for advanced melanoma, yet neither alone or in combination regimens has been shown to extend survival in randomized clinical trials. The only agent to be approved for advanced melanoma in the US in more than 30 years is high-dose bolus interleukin-2, but its use is associated with high toxicity and cost, and it has also failed to show a survival benefit. Our expanding knowledge of the complex factors and pathways regulating immune function has led to the advent of novel immunotherapeutic agents. Among these are ipilimumab and tremelimumab - fully human, monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). The pivotal role of CTLA-4 in regulating T-cell function is established, and a series of preclinical studies provided proof-of-concept evidence of the antitumor activity of anti-CLTA-4 antibodies in combination with vaccines or chemotherapy. Subsequently, anti-CTLA-4 antibodies have shown encouraging results in clinical trials in advanced melanoma. Recent progress in the understanding of melanoma genetics and tumorigenesis has led to potential new therapeutic targets. Molecular targeted agents that inhibit the proliferation and survival of metastatic melanoma cells offer potential partners for anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in combined modality regimens. Novel combinations are reviewed in the context of creating an immunosupportive environment in the host.
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Feng YK, Fu CJ, Huang YT, Zhao JM, Ma JF. Effects of paeonol and 5-FU on the proliferation and apoptosis of human esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:646-651. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i7.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of paeonol alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells.
METHODS: Six different concentrations of paeonol (7.81, 15.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125.00 and 250.00 mg/L, respectively), three different concentrations of 5-FU (12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 mg/L, respectively), and paeonol (31.25 mg/L) in combination with 5-FU (12.50 mg/L) were used to treat EC9706 cells for different durations (24, 48 and 72 h). Untreated EC9706 cells were used as the control group. The proliferation of EC9706 cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay after treatment for different durations. After treatment of EC9706 cells with paeonol at concentrations of 31.25, 62.50, 125.00 and 250.00 mg/L for 72 hours, the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry; cell morphological changes were observed using an inverted microscope; the morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by HE staining and light microscopy. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by immunocytochemistry after treatment of EC9706 cells with paeonol (31.25 mg/L) and 5-FU (12.50 mg/L), alone or in combination, for 48 hours.
RESULTS: Paeonol or 5-FU could significantly inhibit the proliferation of EC9706 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (both P < 0.05). Paeonol in combination with 5-FU showed more significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of EC9706 cells when compared with paeonol or 5-FU alone (both P < 0.05). Paeonol (125.00 mg/L) treatment altered the cell cycle distribution of EC9706 cells: the percentages of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases decreased, while that of cells in S phase increased (G0/G1 phase: 21.18% ± 2.28% vs 62.17% ± 5.23%; G2/M phase: 0.76% ± 0.54% vs 9.92% ± 3.10%; S phase 78.06% ± 2.82% vs 27.91% ± 2.13%; all P < 0.05). Typical apoptotic changes were observed in EC9706 cells treated with paeonol. Both paeonol and 5-FU down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of Bax, which was especially prominent in the combination group (2.21 ± 0.14 vs 5.67 ± 0.30 and 4.22 ± 0.34; 8.55 ± 0.33 vs 3.90 ± 0.27 and 6.28 ± 0.26, all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Paeonol can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of human esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells. Paeonol in combination with 5-FU shows a synergistic effect in suppressing the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of EC9706 cells.
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Crawford AC, Riggins RB, Shajahan AN, Zwart A, Clarke R. Co-inhibition of BCL-W and BCL2 restores antiestrogen sensitivity through BECN1 and promotes an autophagy-associated necrosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8604. [PMID: 20062536 PMCID: PMC2797635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL2 family members affect cell fate decisions in breast cancer but the role of BCL-W (BCL2L2) is unknown. We now show the integrated roles of the antiapoptotic BCL-W and BCL2 in affecting responsiveness to the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI; Fulvestrant Faslodex), using both molecular (siRNA; shRNA) and pharmacologic (YC137) approaches in three breast cancer variants; MCF-7/LCC1 (ICI sensitive), MCF-7/LCC9 (ICI resistant), and LY2 (ICI resistant). YC137 inhibits BCL-W and BCL2 and restores ICI sensitivity in resistant cells. Co-inhibition of BCL-W and BCL2 is both necessary and sufficient to restore sensitivity to ICI, and explains mechanistically the action of YC137. These data implicate functional cooperation and/or redundancy in signaling between BCL-W and BCL2, and suggest that broad BCL2 family member inhibitors will have greater therapeutic value than targeting only individual proteins. Whereas ICI sensitive MCF-7/LCC1 cells undergo increased apoptosis in response to ICI following BCL-W±BCL2 co-inhibition, the consequent resensitization of resistant MCF-7/LCC9 and LY2 cells reflects increases in autophagy (LC3 cleavage; p62/SQSTM1 expression) and necrosis but not apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Thus, de novo sensitive cells and resensitized resistant cells die through different mechanisms. Following BCL-W+BCL2 co-inhibition, suppression of functional autophagy by 3-methyladenine or BECN1 shRNA reduces ICI-induced necrosis but restores the ability of resistant cells to die through apoptosis. These data demonstrate the plasticity of cell fate mechanisms in breast cancer cells in the context of antiestrogen responsiveness. Restoration of ICI sensitivity in resistant cells appears to occur through an increase in autophagy-associated necrosis. BCL-W, BCL2, and BECN1 integrate important functions in determining antiestrogen responsiveness, and the presence of functional autophagy may influence the balance between apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatasha C. Crawford
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca B. Riggins
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Ayesha N. Shajahan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Alan Zwart
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Robert Clarke
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Recombinant human PDCD5 protein enhances chemosensitivities of hematologic malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Aspirin inhibits ErbB2 to induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Med Oncol 2009; 27:379-87. [PMID: 19424877 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-009-9221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of aspirin is associated with a lower risk of many cancer types. However, there are few reports about cervical cancer. The proto-oncogene ErbB2 is overexpressed in cervical cancer, and considered as a therapeutic target. In the present study, we investigated whether aspirin had therapeutic value in cervical cancer and examined the effects of aspirin on the amplification and expression of ErbB2. To investigate the effects of aspirin on apoptosis and proliferation, we tested apoptosis by Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI method; MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to detect proliferation. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation were observed in HeLa cells incubated with aspirin. Western blot and immunocytochemical staining showed that aspirin induced a dose- and time-dependent reduction of ErbB2 expression that was due to proteosome-mediated degradation of this protein. To further investigate the underlying mechanism by which aspirin exerts its apoptosis effects, we studied the ErbB2 downstream cell survival signaling pathways and the expression of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2. We found that aspirin inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT. The inhibition of Bcl-2 expression was also observed. These data reveal that aspirin significantly induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, which maybe via inhibiting ErbB2 downstream cell survival signaling pathways. Taken together, our article describes a novel mechanism of action for anti-tumor activity of aspirin and implicates aspirin as a novel agent for cervical cancer.
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Sato H, Iwata H, Takano Y, Yamada R, Okuzawa H, Nagashima Y, Yamaura K, Ueno K, Yano T. Enhanced Effect of Connexin 43 on Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Mesothelioma Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 110:466-75. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08327fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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43
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Wang L, Li Z, Wang C, Yang Y, Sun L, Yao W, Cai X, Wu G, Zhou F, Zha X. E-cadherin decreased human breast cancer cells sensitivity to staurosporine by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 481:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chondrosarcoma of the jaw: a closer look at its management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66:2349-55. [PMID: 18940505 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Riedel RF, Porrello A, Pontzer E, Chenette EJ, Hsu DS, Balakumaran B, Potti A, Nevins J, Febbo PG. A genomic approach to identify molecular pathways associated with chemotherapy resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3141-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Ortega A, Carretero J, Obrador E, Estrela JM. Tumoricidal activity of endothelium-derived NO and the survival of metastatic cells with high GSH and Bcl-2 levels. Nitric Oxide 2008; 19:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Saleem M, Maddodi N, Abu Zaid M, Khan N, bin Hafeez B, Asim M, Suh Y, Yun JM, Setaluri V, Mukhtar H. Lupeol Inhibits Growth of Highly Aggressive Human Metastatic Melanoma Cells In vitro and In vivo by Inducing Apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2119-27. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Inhibition of CD44 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells enhances apoptosis, chemosensitivity, and reduces tumorigenesis and invasion. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 62:949-57. [PMID: 18259754 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD44 is overexpressed in various tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CD44 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) alone or combination with doxorubicin on HCC cells in vitro. METHODS Cytotoxicity was measured by use of a cell viability assay in HCC cell line SNU-449. Tumorigenesis and invasion were accessed by colony formation, growth in soft agar and ECMatrix invasion assay. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by using double staining with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. Protein expression and mRNA level were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS We have designed novel CD44 ASO, which can effectively down-regulate CD44 expression in SNU-449. Colony formation, growth in soft agar and invasion were significantly impaired after CD44 ASO treatment in SNU-499. In company with CD44 down-regulated by CD44 ASO, MDR-1 and Bcl-2 expression were also greatly reduced. CD44 ASO also increased chemosensitivity to doxorubicin significantly, lowered IC(50 )by one order of magnitude. Apoptosis and necrosis were also induced by CD44 ASO alone or in combination treatment with doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of CD44 expression by CD44 ASO significantly induced apoptosis, decreased tumorigenesis and invasion, and increased chemosensitivity. Thus, CD44 ASO is potentially a therapy that is worth investigating in the clinical setting.
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Apoptotic pathways in tumor progression and therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 615:47-79. [PMID: 18437891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cell suicide program that plays a critical role in development and tissue homeostasis. The ability of cancer cells to evade this programmed cell death (PCD) is a major characteristic that enables their uncontrolled growth. The efficiency of chemotherapy in killing such cells depends on the successful induction of apoptosis, since defects in apoptosis signaling are a major cause of drug resistance. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in our understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways and their dysregulation in cancer progression and therapy. These advances have provided new molecular targets for proapoptotic cancer therapies that have recently been used in drug development. While most of those therapies are still at the preclinical stage, some of them have shown much promise in the clinic. Here, we review our current knowledge of apoptosis regulation in cancer progression and therapy, as well as the new molecular targeted molecules that are being developed to reinstate cancer cell death.
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