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Almadori G, Coli A, De Corso E, Mele DA, Settimi S, Di Cintio G, Brigato F, Scannone D, Carey TE, Paludetti G, Lauriola L, Ranelletti FO. Nuclear HER3 expression improves the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2021; 19:408. [PMID: 34579737 PMCID: PMC8477517 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to the other members of human epidermal growth factor family receptors (HER), the role of HER3 has not been well defined in laryngeal cancer. The predictive and prognostic role of HER3 has been the focus of clinical attention but the research findings are contradictory, especially in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The variable localization of HER3 within cancer cells and the role of HER3 in primary and acquired resistance to HER1-targeted therapies remain unclear. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of two cohorts of 66 homogeneous consecutive untreated primary advanced LSCC patients, in which co-expression of HER1, HER2 and HER3 receptors was investigated by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. The association of their pattern of expression with survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox’s proportional hazard analyses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were developed to predict median 2- and 3-year RFS and 2.5- and 5-year OS. The Akaike information criterion technique and backwards stepwise procedure were used for model selections. The performance of the final Cox models was assessed with respect to calibration and discrimination. Results Immunohistochemical labeling for HER1 and HER2 was localized both in the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, while HER3 labeling was observed both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleus. HER3 expression was inversely correlated with HER1 positivity. The expression patterns of HERs were associated with tumor differentiation. In both cohorts of patients, HER1 expression was associated with reduced relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In HER1 positive tumors, the co-expression with nuclear HER3 was associated with better RFS and OS, compared with HER3 negative tumors or tumors expressing HER3 at cytoplasmic level. HER3 expressing tumors had a higher Geminin/MCM7 ratio than HER3 negative ones, regardless of HER1 co-expression. Multivariable analyses identified age at diagnosis, tumor site, HER1, HER3 and age at diagnosis, tumor stage, HER1, HER3, as covariates significantly associated with RFS and OS, respectively. Bootstrapping verified the good fitness of these models for predicting survivals and the optimism-corrected C-indices were 0.76 and 0.77 for RFS and OS, respectively. Conclusions Nuclear HER3 expression was strongly associated with favourable prognosis and allows to improve the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced LSCC carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almadori
- Unit of Head and Neck Oncology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS-Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy. .,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonella Coli
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Dario Antonio Mele
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Settimi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Cintio
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Brigato
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Scannone
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Maros ME, Schnaidt S, Balla P, Kelemen Z, Sapi Z, Szendroi M, Laszlo T, Forsyth R, Picci P, Krenacs T. In situ cell cycle analysis in giant cell tumor of bone reveals patients with elevated risk of reduced progression-free survival. Bone 2019; 127:188-198. [PMID: 31233932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a frequently recurring locally aggressive osteolytic lesion, where pathological osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction are driven by neoplastic stromal cells. Here, we studied if cell cycle fractions within the mononuclear cell compartment of GCTB can predict its progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS 154 cases (100 primaries and 54 recurrent) from 139 patients of 40 progression events, was studied using tissue microarrays. Ploidy and in situ cell cycle progression related proteins including Ki67 and those linked with replication licensing (mcm2), G1-phase (cyclin D1, Cdk4), and S-G2-M-phase (cyclin A; Cdk2) fractions; cell cycle control (p21waf1) and repression (geminin), were tested. The Prentice-Williams-Peterson (PWP) gap-time models with the Akaike information criterion (AIC) were used for PFS analysis. RESULTS Cluster analysis showed good correlation between functionally related marker positive cell fractions indicating no major cell cycle arrested cell populations in GCTB. Increasing hazard of progression was statistically associated with the elevated post-G1/S-phase cell fractions. Univariate analysis revealed significant negative association of poly-/aneuploidy (p < 0.0001), and elevated cyclin A (p < 0.001), geminin (p = 0.015), mcm2 (p = 0.016), cyclin D1 (p = 0.022) and Ki67 (B56: p = 0.0543; and Mib1: p = 0.0564 -strong trend) positive cell fractions with PFS. The highest-ranked multivariate interaction model (AIC = 269.5) also included ploidy (HR 5.68, 95%CI: 2.62-12.31, p < 0.0001), mcm2 (p = 0.609), cyclin D1 (HR 1.89, 95%CI: 0.88-4.09, p = 0.105) and cyclin A (p < 0.0001). The first and second best prognostic models without interaction (AIC = 271.6) and the sensitivity analysis (AIC = 265.7) further confirmed the prognostic relevance of combining these markers. CONCLUSION Ploidy and elevated replication licensing (mcm2), G1-phase (cyclin D1) and post-G1 phase (cyclin A) marker positive cell fractions, indicating enhanced cell cycle progression, can assist in identifying GCTB patients with increased risk for a reduced PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate E Maros
- 1(st) Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Schnaidt
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Balla
- 1(st) Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kelemen
- 1(st) Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Sapi
- 1(st) Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklos Szendroi
- Department of Orthopedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Laszlo
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ramses Forsyth
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Orthopedics Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- 1(st) Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Almadori G, Lauriola L, Coli A, Bussu F, Gallus R, Scannone D, Valentini V, Paludetti G, Carey TE, Ranelletti FO. Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 and geminin expression: Prognostic value in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in patients treated with radiotherapy and cetuximab. Head Neck 2016; 39:684-693. [PMID: 28032719 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) is a downstream of human epidermal growth receptor (HER1) signaling. We examined MCM7, geminin, and HER1 expression in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with radiotherapy and cetuximab. METHODS MCM7, geminin, and HER1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on 61 patients with laryngeal SCC. The follow-up (median, 32.1 months; range, 2-139 months) went from the beginning of therapy to tumor progression-free survival (PFS) and death (overall survival [OS]). RESULTS MCM7, but not geminin, was associated only with HER1 expression, whereas no association was found with other clinicopathological characteristics. Patients with MCM7 high - geminin high and MCM7 high - geminin low tumor status had a risk of progression 3.1 times and 17.7 times greater, respectively, than patients with MCM7 low - geminin high tumor status. Tumor site, MCM7, and geminin were independent determinants of PFS, whereas MCM7 was an independent prognostic marker of OS. CONCLUSION MCM7-geminin tumor status may be prognostic for patients with laryngeal SCC treated with cetuximab and radiotherapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 684-693, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almadori
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Coli
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Gallus
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Scannone
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Institute of Radiotherapy, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Laboratory of Head and Neck Center Biology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Kushwaha PP, Rapalli KC, Kumar S. Geminin a multi task protein involved in cancer pathophysiology and developmental process: A review. Biochimie 2016; 131:115-127. [PMID: 27702582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA replicates in a timely manner with each cell division. Multiple proteins and factors are involved in the initiation of DNA replication including a dynamic interaction between Cdc10-dependent transcript (Cdt1) and Geminin (GMNN). A conformational change between GMNN-Cdt1 heterotrimer and heterohexamer complex is responsible for licensing or inhibition of the DNA replication. This molecular switch ensures a faithful DNA replication during each S phase of cell cycle. GMNN inhibits Cdt1-mediated minichromosome maintenance helicases (MCM) loading onto the chromatin-bound origin recognition complex (ORC) which results in the inhibition of pre-replication complex assembly. GMNN modulates DNA replication by direct binding to Cdt1, and thereby alters its stability and activity. GMNN is involved in various stages of development such as pre-implantation, germ layer formation, cell commitment and specification, maintenance of genome integrity at mid blastula transition, epithelial to mesenchymal transition during gastrulation, neural development, organogenesis and axis patterning. GMNN interacts with different proteins resulting in enhanced hematopoietic stem cell activity thereby activating the development-associated genes' transcription. GMNN expression is also associated with cancer pathophysiology and development. In this review we discussed the structure and function of GMNN in detail. Inhibitors of GMNN and their role in DNA replication, repair, cell cycle and apoptosis are reviewed. Further, we also discussed the role of GMNN in virus infected host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Rapalli
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Centre for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
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Thuy MN, Kam JK, Lee GC, Tao PL, Ling DQ, Cheng M, Goh SK, Papachristos AJ, Shukla L, Wall KL, Smoll NR, Jones JJ, Gikenye N, Soh B, Moffat B, Johnson N, Drummond KJ. A novel literature-based approach to identify genetic and molecular predictors of survival in glioblastoma multiforme: Analysis of 14,678 patients using systematic review and meta-analytical tools. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:785-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Takayasu T, Hama S, Yamasaki F, Saito T, Watanabe Y, Nosaka R, Sugiyama K, Kurisu K. p16 Gene Transfer Induces Centrosome Amplification and Abnormal Nucleation Associated with Survivin Downregulation in Glioma Cells. Pathobiology 2015; 82:1-8. [PMID: 25765578 DOI: 10.1159/000368196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In human glioma cells, p16 gene transfer induced G1/S arrest, increased radiosensitivity and abnormal nucleation (especially bi- and multinucleation). Survivin suppression caused G2/M arrest, radiosensitization and an increase in aneuploidy accompanied by centrosome amplification. Abnormal nucleation and aneuploidy represent chromosome instability (CIN), and it is well known that centrosome amplification leads to CIN. However, little has been reported that suggests that transferring p16 causes centrosome overduplication during the G1/S phase. METHODS The p16 gene was transferred into p16-null human glioma cell lines (U251MG and D54MG) using adenovirus with or without irradiation. Centrosome amplification was evaluated by immunofluorescence. We also investigated the DNA replication licensing factor CDT1, its inhibitor geminin and survivin expression as regulators of chromosomal segregation. RESULTS p16 gene transfer with radiation initiated the greatest degree of centrosome overduplication. CDT1 showed low levels, geminin was unchanged and survivin decreased in Ax-hp16-infected cells with radiation. Those changes of factors affecting DNA licensing or chromosomal segregation might contribute to CIN. CONCLUSION p16 transfer caused centrosome amplification even in G1/S phase-arrested cells. This suggests that p16 is involved in abnormal nucleation and radiosensitization in human glioma cells. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takayasu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sundara Rajan S, Hanby AM, Horgan K, Thygesen HH, Speirs V. The potential utility of geminin as a predictive biomarker in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 143:91-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kimura F, Okayasu I, Kakinuma H, Satoh Y, Kuwao S, Saegusa M, Watanabe J. Differential diagnosis of reactive mesothelial cells and malignant mesothelioma cells using the cell proliferation markers minichromosome maintenance protein 7, geminin, topoisomerase II alpha and Ki-67. Acta Cytol 2013; 57:384-90. [PMID: 23860238 DOI: 10.1159/000350262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the immunocytochemical expression of cell proliferation markers, such as minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM 7), geminin, topoisomerase II alpha (topo IIα) and Ki-67, which are different types of cell proliferation markers, could be useful for their differential diagnosis in reactive mesothelial cells and malignant mesothelioma cells obtained from body cavity fluids. STUDY DESIGN Samples diagnosed and later histologically confirmed as reactive mesothelial cells (39 cases) or malignant mesothelioma (32 cases) in body cavity fluids were examined. Immunocytochemical staining of MCM 7, geminin, topo IIα and Ki-67 was performed with the immunoperoxidase polymer method. RESULTS Labeling indices (LIs) of MCM 7 (cutoff value 20.0%; sensitivity 100%; specificity 100%), geminin (cutoff value 4.5%; sensitivity 88.0%; specificity 70.0%), topo IIα (cutoff value 11.0%; sensitivity 88.0%; specificity 92.0%) and Ki-67 (cutoff value 15.3%; sensitivity 78.0%; specificity 79.0%) of malignant mesothelioma cells were significantly higher than those of reactive mesothelial cells. CONCLUSION LIs of MCM 7, geminin and topo IIα can be reliable tools for the differential diagnosis of reactive mesothelial cells and malignant mesothelioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Kimura
- Department of Pathological Analysis, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Yousaf J, Hills C, Dixit S, Achawal S, O'Brien D, Greenman J, Scott IS. Markers of cell division cycle in glioblastoma: significance in prediction of treatment response and patient prognosis. Br J Neurosurg 2013; 27:752-8. [PMID: 23477614 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2013.773287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether expression of regulatory components of the cell division cycle can be used independently to predict survival and response to adjuvant therapy in glioblastomas. METHOD A tissue micro-array, constructed using glioblastomas (n = 66), was stained using antibodies against minichromosome maintenance protein-2 (Mcm-2), expressed throughout the cell-division cycle; geminin, a protein that prevents re-initiation of DNA replication; and cyclin A, an S-phase cyclin. A semi-quantitative labelling index (LI) was calculated using an average of 18 high-power fields (hpf) in three replicate cores. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 50) underwent surgery and radiotherapy with 24 patients receiving temozolomide, and Group 2 (n = 16) received surgical treatment only. RESULTS The LIs (median +/- IQR) for Group 1 were as follows: Mcm-2, 36.7% (22.9%-51.8%); geminin, 7.8% (5.8%-10.5%); and cyclin A, 4.2% (2.4%-6.9%). Elevated LIs, higher than the median, for geminin and cyclin A correlated with prolonged survival when the tumours received adjuvant therapy (Kaplan-Meier curves, p = 0.0046 and p = 0.0063 for geminin and cyclin A, respectively). Linear regression analysis revealed positive correlations with survival for Mcm-2 (p = 0.0376), geminin (p = 0.0006) and cyclin A (p = 0.004). In Group 2, there was no relationship between the patient survival and the LI for any marker. CONCLUSIONS Geminin and cyclin A, each show potential as independent prognostic markers in glioblastomas receiving adjuvant therapy. This may reflect the fact that both geminin and cyclin A estimate proliferating tumour cell subpopulations sensitive to radio/chemotherapy. These markers could provide valuable prognostic information, even in small biopsies, especially if combined with O(6)MGMT expression and 1p;19q deletion status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yousaf
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Hull & East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust , Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull , UK
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de Andrade BAB, León JE, Carlos R, Delgado-Azañero W, Mosqueda-Taylor A, de Almeida OP. Expression of minichromosome maintenance 2, Ki-67, and geminin in oral nevi and melanoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:32-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kapoor S. Emerging role of geminin as a prognostic marker in systemic malignancies. J Breast Cancer 2012; 15:481. [PMID: 23346181 PMCID: PMC3542860 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2012.15.4.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Di Bonito M, Cantile M, Collina F, Scognamiglio G, Cerrone M, La Mantia E, Barbato A, Liguori G, Botti G. Overexpression of Cell Cycle Progression Inhibitor Geminin is Associated with Tumor Stem-Like Phenotype of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2012; 15:162-71. [PMID: 22807933 PMCID: PMC3395739 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2012.15.2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer, has a significant clinical relevance being associated with a shorter median time to relapse and death and does not respond to endocrine therapy or other available targeted agents. For this reason, identifying the molecular pathways associated with increased aggressiveness, for example the presence of stem cell populations within the tumor and alteration of genes associated with cell cycle regulation represents an important objective in the clinical research into this neoplasm. METHODS To investigate the role of cell cycle progression inhibitor Geminin in triple-negative breast cancers and its potential correlation with stem-like phenotype of this neoplasm, we used tissue microarray technology to build a specific triple-negative breast cancer tissue micro-array. Geminin and cancer stem cell marker CD133 expression was further investigated at the mRNA level for selected breast tumor samples through realtime polymerase chain reaction quantification. RESULTS Our results showed that CD133 expression was significantly associated to high Geminin expression (p=0.017), a strong association between Ki-67 and tumor grade (p=0.020) and an inverse association between Geminin expression and lymphonode metastases (p=0.058), and a trend of statistically significance between Geminin marker expression and survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients (p=0.076). CONCLUSION The strong association between the expression of CD133 and Geminin could be useful in molecular stratification of breast tumors and in particular of triple-negative breast cancers.
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Shomori K, Nishihara K, Tamura T, Tatebe S, Horie Y, Nosaka K, Haruki T, Hamamoto Y, Shiomi T, Nakabayashi M, Ito H. Geminin, Ki67, and minichromosome maintenance 2 in gastric hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and intestinal-type carcinomas: pathobiological significance. Gastric Cancer 2010; 13:177-85. [PMID: 20820987 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-010-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminin negatively regulates Cdt1 and induces the formation of prereplicative complexes by loading mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm) onto chromatin and limiting DNA replication to once per cell cycle. Recent studies have suggested that geminin expression is a marker of the S/G2/M phase of the cell cycle and is associated with a poor prognosis in various human malignancies. This study aimed to clarify the pathobiological role of geminin in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma, and its relationships with minichromosome maintenance 2 (Mcm2) and Ki67 expression. METHODS We performed western blot analysis of seven human gastric cancer cell lines, and immunohistochemical analysis of 72 gastric mucosal lesions and 128 surgically removed advanced intestinal-type gastric carcinomas. Double-labeling immuno-fluorescence was performed to identify the coexpression of geminin and Ki67. RESULTS Geminin was detected in all cell lines. Geminin labeling indices (LIs) in hyperplastic polyps, low-grade adenomas, high-grade adenomas, and intestinal-type adenocarcinomas were 3.9%, 10.5%, 18.6%, and 27.2%, respectively. The equivalent LIs for Ki67 and Mcm2 were 17.7%, 42.2%, 52.6%, and 59.7%; and 26.7%, 70.0%, 67.8%, and 77.8%, respectively. Double-labeling immunofluorescence revealed coexpression of geminin and Ki67 in both normal and tumor cells. The LI for geminin was significantly correlated with N stage, International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stage, Mcm2 LI, and Ki67 LI. Patients in stages I-IV and stage III with higher LIs for geminin (>25%) had significantly worse prognoses (P < 0.05 and P < 0.04, respectively). Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the overall survival of stage I-IV tumors was significantly correlated with high geminin LIs (relative risk [RR] = 1.94; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Geminin expression might reflect the biological nature of gastric intramucosal neoplasms and could be a possible prognostic marker in advanced intestinal-type gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Shomori
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
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Hamamoto Y, Shomori K, Nosaka K, Haruki T, Teshima R, Ito H. Prognostic significance of Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 and Geminin expression in patients with 109 soft tissue sarcomas. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:703-709. [PMID: 22966367 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM2-7) and Geminin are important in the prevention of DNA re-replication in the cell cycle, and are also prognostic markers for numerous human malignancies. The present study examined Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) and Geminin expression in human soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) to clarify their correlation to the clinicopathological factors. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of MCM7, Geminin and Ki-67 on paraffin-embedded sections of 109 STSs. Labeling indices (LIs) of the molecules were evaluated in the tumors. Higher LIs of MCM7, Geminin and Ki-67 were significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P<0.01), histological grade (P<0.01) and poor prognosis (P<0.01), respectively. LIs of MCM7 and Geminin were significantly correlated with Ki-67 LIs, (MCM7/Ki-67: rs=0.745, P<0.01 and Geminin/Ki-67: rs=0.604, P<0.01). Multivariate analyses showed that the higher LIs of Geminin, but not MCM7 and Ki-67, were shown to be an independent factor of poorer prognosis (relative risk 2.72, P=0.013). The immunohistochemical expression of MCM7 and Geminin may be novel and useful markers for evaluating the prognosis in patients with human STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hamamoto
- Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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Yamazaki M, Fujii S, Murata Y, Hayashi R, Ochiai A. High expression level of geminin predicts a poor clinical outcome in salivary gland carcinomas. Histopathology 2010; 56:883-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Amoureux MC, Coulibaly B, Chinot O, Loundou A, Metellus P, Rougon G, Figarella-Branger D. Polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is an adverse prognosis factor in glioblastoma, and regulates olig2 expression in glioma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:91. [PMID: 20219118 PMCID: PMC2854115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and frequent brain tumor, albeit without cure. Although patient survival is limited to one year on average, significant variability in outcome is observed. The assessment of biomarkers is needed to gain better knowledge of this type of tumor, help prognosis, design and evaluate therapies. The neurodevelopmental polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) protein is overexpressed in various cancers. Here, we studied its expression in GBM and evaluated its prognosis value for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). METHODS We set up a specific and sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for PSA-NCAM quantification, which correlated well with PSA-NCAM semi quantitative analysis by immunohistochemistry, and thus provides an accurate quantitative measurement of PSA-NCAM content for the 56 GBM biopsies analyzed. For statistics, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the consistency between the immunohistochemistry and ELISA data. Patients' survival was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and curves were compared using the log-rank test. On multivariate analysis, the effect of potential risk factors on the DFS and OS were evaluated using the cox regression proportional hazard models. The threshold for statistical significance was p = 0.05. RESULTS We showed that PSA-NCAM was expressed by approximately two thirds of the GBM at variable levels. On univariate analysis, PSA-NCAM content was an adverse prognosis factor for both OS (p = 0.04) and DFS (p = 0.0017). On multivariate analysis, PSA-NCAM expression was an independent negative predictor of OS (p = 0.046) and DFS (p = 0.007). Furthermore, in glioma cell lines, PSA-NCAM level expression was correlated to the one of olig2, a transcription factor required for gliomagenesis. CONCLUSION PSA-NCAM represents a valuable biomarker for the prognosis of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Amoureux
- Université de la Méditerranée CNRS UMR6216, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille Luminy, Marseille, France.
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17
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Pillaire MJ, Selves J, Gordien K, Gourraud PA, Gouraud PA, Gentil C, Danjoux M, Do C, Negre V, Bieth A, Guimbaud R, Trouche D, Pasero P, Méchali M, Hoffmann JS, Cazaux C. A 'DNA replication' signature of progression and negative outcome in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2010; 29:876-87. [PMID: 19901968 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. As the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging classification does not allow to predict the survival of patients in many cases, additional prognostic factors are needed to better forecast their outcome. Genes involved in DNA replication may represent an underexplored source of such prognostic markers. Indeed, accidents during DNA replication can trigger 'replicative stress', one of the main features of cancer from earlier stages onward. In this study, we assessed the expression of 47 'DNA replication' genes in primary tumors and adjacent normal tissues from a homogeneous series of 74 patients. We found that genes coding for translesional (TLS) DNA polymerases, initiation of DNA replication, S-phase signaling and protection of replication forks were significantly deregulated in tumors. We also observed that the overexpression of either the MCM7 helicase or the TLS DNA polymerase POLQ (if also associated with a concomitant overexpression of firing genes) was significantly related to poor patient survival. Our data suggest the existence of a 'DNA replication signature' that might represent a source of new prognostic markers. Such a signature could help in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor progression in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Pillaire
- Genetic Instability and Cancer Group, Department Biology of Cancer, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, UMR5089 CNRS, University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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18
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Tamura T, Shomori K, Haruki T, Nosaka K, Hamamoto Y, Shiomi T, Ryoke K, Ito H. Minichromosome maintenance-7 and geminin are reliable prognostic markers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:328-34. [PMID: 20136698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins act as the origin licensing machinery that regulates initiation of DNA replication. Geminin is a licensing repressor and prevents reinitiation of DNA replication by blocking reloading of MCM proteins at replication origins. Recent studies have proposed that MCM7 and geminin may be sensitive proliferative and prognostic markers of various malignant tumors. This study aimed to analyze the expression of MCM7 and geminin to clarify pathobiological significance in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). METHODS We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 10 specimens of normal oral epithelia, 50 lesions with dysplasia and 113 OSCCs. Labeling indices (LIs) for MCM7, geminin and Ki-67 were evaluated, comparing with clinicopathological profiles. RESULTS The mean LIs for MCM7 were 29.2% for normal epithelia, 32.2% for dysplasias, and 51.1% for OSCCs; the value was significantly higher in the last than in the former two (P < 0.01). The mean LIs for geminin were 6.8% for normal epithelia, 9.2% for dysplasias, and 21.3% for OSCCs; the value was significantly higher in the OSCCs (P < 0.01). The MCM7 LIs were correlated with the histological grade of OSCCs, in which the highest LIs were noted in the poorly differentiated type (P < 0.01). The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with a higher MCM7 LI (>49.5%) than in those with a lower LI (P < 0.05) at stage III-IV. However, the survival rate in the patients with a higher geminin LI (>19.5%) was significantly higher than in those with a lower LI (P < 0.05) at stage IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tamura
- Division of Organ Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
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Salabat MR, Melstrom LG, Strouch MJ, Ding XZ, Milam BM, Ujiki MB, Chen C, Pelling JC, Rao S, Grippo PJ, McGarry TJ, Bentrem DJ. Geminin is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and downregulated by the bioflavanoid apigenin in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:835-44. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Williams GH, Stoeber K. Cell cycle markers in clinical oncology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2007; 19:672-9. [PMID: 18032010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of complex and redundant pathways that control proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and DNA damage response by global genome wide analysis is an intensive area of investigation aimed at identifying unique molecular signatures of prognostic significance in cancer. An alternative approach is to focus on the cell cycle machinery, which acts as an integration point for information transduced through upstream signalling pathways. Analysis of the DNA replication licensing pathway and the mitotic regulatory machinery in tumour biopsy material is now leading to the identification of novel biomarkers that are being exploited in cancer detection and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth H Williams
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Lau E, Tsuji T, Guo L, Lu SH, Jiang W. The role of pre‐replicative complex (pre‐RC) components in oncogenesis. FASEB J 2007; 21:3786-94. [PMID: 17690155 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8900rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Normal DNA replication is stringently regulated to ensure a timely occurrence no more than once per cell cycle. Abrogation of the exquisite control mechanisms that maintain this process results in detrimental gains and losses of genomic DNA commonly seen in cancer and developmental defects. Replication initiation proteins, known as prereplicative complex (pre-RC) proteins, serve as a primary level of regulation, controlling when DNA replication can begin. Unsurprisingly, several pre-RC proteins are overexpressed in cancer and serve as good tumor markers. However, their direct correlation with increasing tumor grade and poor prognosis has posed a long-standing question: Are pre-RC proteins oncogenic? Recently, a growing body of data indicates that deregulation of individual pre-RC proteins, either by overexpression or functional deficiency in several organismal models, results in significant and consistently perturbed cell cycle regulation, genomic instability, and, potentially, tumorigenesis. In this review, we examine this broad range of evidence suggesting that pre-RC proteins play roles during oncogenesis that are more than simply indicative of proliferation, supporting the notion that pre-RC proteins may potentially have significant diagnostic and therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lau
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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