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Bojarska-Junak A, Kowalska W, Chocholska S, Szymańska A, Tomczak W, Zarobkiewicz MK, Roliński J. Prognostic Potential of Galectin-9 mRNA Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5370. [PMID: 38001630 PMCID: PMC10670166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9), very poorly characterized in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), was chosen in our study to examine its potential role as a CLL biomarker. The relation of Gal-9 expression in malignant B-cells and other routinely measured CLL markers, as well as its clinical relevance are poorly understood. Gal-9 mRNA expression was quantified with RT-qPCR in purified CD19+ B-cells of 100 CLL patients and analyzed in the context of existing clinical data. Our results revealed the upregulation of Gal-9 mRNA in CLL cells. High Gal-9 mRNA expression was closely associated with unfavorable prognostic markers. In addition, Gal-9 expression in leukemic cells was significantly elevated in CLL patients who did not respond to the first-line therapy compared to those who did respond. This suggests its potential predictive value. Importantly, Gal-9 was an independent predictor for the time to treatment parameters. Thus, we can suggest an adverse role of Gal-9 expression in CLL. Interestingly, it is possible that Gal-9 expression is induced in B-cells by EBV infection, so we determined the patients' EBV status. Our suggestion is that EBV coinfection could worsen prognosis in CLL, partly due to Gal-9 expression upregulation caused by EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.S.); (M.K.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Wioleta Kowalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.S.); (M.K.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Sylwia Chocholska
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (S.C.); (W.T.)
| | - Agata Szymańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.S.); (M.K.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (S.C.); (W.T.)
| | - Michał Konrad Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.S.); (M.K.Z.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (A.S.); (M.K.Z.); (J.R.)
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Functional Differences Between EBV- and CMV-Specific CD8 + T cells Demonstrate Heterogeneity of T cell Dysfunction in CLL. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e337. [PMID: 32309780 PMCID: PMC7162091 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired T cell dysfunction is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and is linked to an increased risk of infections, but also reduced immune surveillance and disappointing responses to autologous T cell-based immunotherapy. The mechanisms of T cell dysfunction in CLL are not well understood. Studying immunity against chronic viruses allows for detailed analysis of the effect of CLL on T cells chronically exposed to a specific antigen. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivations are rare in CLL, which corroborates with preserved CMV-specific T cell function. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is another herpesvirus that results in chronic infection, but unlike CMV, is characterized by subclinical reactivations in CLL patients. Since both herpesviruses induce strong CD8+ T cell responses, but have different clinical outcomes, studying these specific T cells may shed light on the mechanisms of CLL-induced T cell dysfunction. We first analyzed the phenotype of EBV-specific CD8+ T cells in CLL and healthy controls, and found that in CLL EBV-specific CD8+ T cells are in an advanced differentiation state with higher expression of inhibitory receptors. Secondly, CLL-derived EBV-specific CD8+ T cells show reduced cytotoxic potential, in contrast to CMV-specific T cells. Finally, we performed transcriptome analysis to visualize differential modulation by CLL of these T cell subsets. While T cell activation and differentiation genes are unaffected, in EBV-specific T cells expression of genes involved in synapse formation and T cell exhaustion is altered. Our findings on the heterogeneity of antigen specific T cell function in CLL aids in understanding immune-dysregulation in this disease.
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Xu DM, Kong YL, Wang L, Zhu HY, Wu JZ, Xia Y, Li Y, Qin SC, Fan L, Li JY, Liang JH, Xu W. EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 Targets p53 Gene: Potential Role in Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:492-504. [PMID: 31671936 PMCID: PMC7176953 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–microRNA (miRNA, miR)-BHRF1-1 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as role of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 in p53 gene. Materials and Methods Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to quantify EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 and p53 expression in cultured CLL. Results p53 aberration was associated with the higher expression level of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 (p < 0.001) which was also an independent prognostic marker for overall survival (p=0.028; hazard ratio, 5.335; 95% confidence interval, 1.193 to 23.846) in 97 newly-diagnosed CLL patients after adjusted with International Prognostic Index for patients with CLL. We identified EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 as a viral miRNA regulator of p53. EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 repressed luciferase reporter activity by specific interaction with the seed region within the p53 3′-untranslated region. Discordance of p53 messenger RNA and protein expression was associated with high EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 levels in CLL patients and cell lines. EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 inhibition upregulated p53 protein expression, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in cell lines. EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 mimics downregulated p53 protein expression, decreased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and induced cell proliferation in cell lines. Conclusion This study supported the role of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 in p53 regulation in vitro. Our results support the potential of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 as a therapeutic target in EBV-associated CLL with p53 gene aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Min Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Lin Kong
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Zhu Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Chao Qin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Liang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
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4
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Gärtner K, Luckner M, Wanner G, Zeidler R. Engineering extracellular vesicles as novel treatment options: exploiting herpesviral immunity in CLL. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1573051. [PMID: 30788083 PMCID: PMC6374966 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1573051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell–cell communication. Intriguingly, EVs can be engineered and thus exploited for the targeted transfer of functional proteins of interest. Thus, engineered EVs may constitute attractive tools for the development of novel therapeutic interventions, like cancer immunotherapies, vaccinations or targeted drug delivery. Here, we describe a novel experimental immunotherapeutic approach for the adjuvant treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) based on engineered EVs carrying gp350, the major glycoprotein of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), CD40L, a central immune accessory molecule and pp65, an immunodominant antigen of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV). We show that these engineered EVs specifically interact with malignant B cells from CLL patients and render these cells immunogenic to allogeneic and autologous EBV- and CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, co-opting engineered EVs to re-target the strong herpesviral immunity in CLL patients to malignant cells constitutes an attractive strategy for the adjuvant treatment of a still incurable disease. Abbreviations: CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; CMV: cytomegalovirus
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gärtner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) - partner site, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
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5
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García-Barchino MJ, Sarasquete ME, Panizo C, Morscio J, Martinez A, Alcoceba M, Fresquet V, Gonzalez-Farre B, Paiva B, Young KH, Robles EF, Roa S, Celay J, Larrayoz M, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Montes-Moreno S, Piris MA, Balanzategui A, Jimenez C, Rodriguez I, Calasanz MJ, Larrayoz MJ, Segura V, Garcia-Muñoz R, Rabasa MP, Yi S, Li J, Zhang M, Xu-Monette ZY, Puig-Moron N, Orfao A, Böttcher S, Hernandez-Rivas JM, Miguel JS, Prosper F, Tousseyn T, Sagaert X, Gonzalez M, Martinez-Climent JA. Richter transformation driven by Epstein-Barr virus reactivation during therapy-related immunosuppression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Pathol 2018; 245:61-73. [PMID: 29464716 DOI: 10.1002/path.5060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased risk of Richter transformation (RT) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy with fludarabine other targeted agents remains controversial. Among 31 RT cases classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), seven (23%) showed EBV expression. In contrast to EBV- tumours, EBV+ DLBCLs derived predominantly from IGVH-hypermutated CLL, and they also showed CLL-unrelated IGVH sequences more frequently. Intriguingly, despite having different cellular origins, clonally related and unrelated EBV+ DLBCLs shared a previous history of immunosuppressive chemo-immunotherapy, a non-germinal centre DLBCL phenotype, EBV latency programme type II or III, and very short survival. These data suggested that EBV reactivation during therapy-related immunosuppression can transform either CLL cells or non-tumoural B lymphocytes into EBV+ DLBCL. To investigate this hypothesis, xenogeneic transplantation of blood cells from 31 patients with CLL and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) was performed in Rag2-/- IL2γc-/- mice. Remarkably, the recipients' impaired immunosurveillance favoured the spontaneous outgrowth of EBV+ B-cell clones from 95% of CLL and 64% of MBL patients samples, but not from healthy donors. Eventually, these cells generated monoclonal tumours (mostly CLL-unrelated but also CLL-related), recapitulating the principal features of EBV+ DLBCL in patients. Accordingly, clonally related and unrelated EBV+ DLBCL xenografts showed indistinguishable cellular, virological and molecular features, and synergistically responded to combined inhibition of EBV replication with ganciclovir and B-cell receptor signalling with ibrutinib in vivo. Our study underscores the risk of RT driven by EBV in CLL patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies, and provides the scientific rationale for testing ganciclovir and ibrutinib in EBV+ DLBCL. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J García-Barchino
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria E Sarasquete
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Panizo
- Department of Haematology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julie Morscio
- KU Leuven, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vicente Fresquet
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Blanca Gonzalez-Farre
- Haematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eloy F Robles
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Roa
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Celay
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Larrayoz
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Davide Rossi
- Division of Haematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Haematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Santiago Montes-Moreno
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario and Instituto de Formacion e Investigacion Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario and Instituto de Formacion e Investigacion Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Balanzategui
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Jimenez
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Idoia Rodriguez
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Calasanz
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Larrayoz
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Bio-informatics Unit, Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Maria P Rabasa
- Department of Haematology, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Shuhua Yi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noemi Puig-Moron
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca and Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Medical Clinic II, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jesus M Hernandez-Rivas
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus San Miguel
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Haematology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- KU Leuven, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sagaert
- KU Leuven, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcos Gonzalez
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose A Martinez-Climent
- Division of Haematological Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CIBERONC, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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6
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Prognostic impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA copy number at diagnosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2135-42. [PMID: 26539641 PMCID: PMC4811522 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA is detected in the blood of some persons with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) at diagnosis. Whether this is important in the development or progression of CLL is controversial. We interrogated associations between blood EBV-DNA copy number and biological and clinical variables in 243 new-diagnosed consecutive subjects with CLL. Quantification of EBV-DNA copies was done by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). All subjects had serological evidence of prior EBV-infection. However, only 24 subjects (10%) had a EBV-DNA-positive test at diagnosis. EBV-DNA-positive subjects at diagnosis had lower hemoglobin concentrations and platelet levels, higher thymidine kinase-1 and serum ferritin levels, un-mutated IGHV genes and a greater risk of Richter transformation compared with EBV-DNA-negative subjects. Percent CD20-, CD148- and ZAP70-positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each cluster designation were also increased in EBV-DNA-positive subjects at diagnosis. EBV-DNA test positivity was associated with a briefer time-to-treatment interval (HR 1.85; [95% confidence interval, 1.13, 3.03]; P=0.014) and worse survival (HR 2.77; [1.18, 6.49]; P=0.019). Reduction in EBV copies was significantly associated with therapy-response. A positive blood EBV-DNA test at diagnosis and sequential testing of EBV copies during therapy were significantly associated with biological and clinical variables, time-to-treatment, therapy-response and survival. If validated these data may be added to CLL prognostic scoring systems.
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7
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Diamantopoulos PT, Sofotasiou M, Georgoussi Z, Giannakopoulou N, Papadopoulou V, Galanopoulos A, Kontandreopoulou E, Zervakis P, Pallaki P, Kalala F, Kyrtsonis MC, Dimitrakopoulou A, Vassilakopoulos T, Angelopoulou M, Spanakis N, Viniou NA. Prognostic significance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and 5b expression in Epstein-Barr virus-positive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2240-8. [PMID: 27367207 PMCID: PMC5055175 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have been intensively studied in hematologic malignancies, and the efficacy of agents against STATs in lymphomas is already under research. We investigated the expression of total STAT5 and STAT5b in peripheral blood samples of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in correlation with the presence of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and its major oncoprotein (latent membrane protein 1, LMP1). The EBV load was measured in the peripheral blood by real-time PCR for the BXLF1 gene and the levels of LMP1 by PCR and ELISA. Western blotting was performed for total STAT5 and STAT5b in protein extracts. STAT5b was only expressed in patients (not in healthy subjects) and STAT5 but particularly STAT5b expression was correlated with the presence of the virus (77.3% vs. 51.2%, P = 0.006 for STAT5b) and to the expression of LMP1 (58.3% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.011 for STAT5b). Moreover, the expression of STAT5b and the presence of EBV and LMP1 were strongly negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients (log-rank test P = 0.011, 0.015, 0.006, respectively). Double positive (for EBV and STAT5b) patients had the lowest overall survival (log-rank test P = 0.013). This is the first report of a survival disadvantage of EBV+ patients with CLL, and the first time that STAT5b expression is correlated with survival. The correlation of STAT5 expression with the presence of the virus, along with our survival correlations defines a subgroup of patients with CLL that may benefit from anti-STAT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis T Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Sofotasiou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Zafiroula Georgoussi
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Giannakopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Papadopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elina Kontandreopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zervakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paschalina Pallaki
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Fani Kalala
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aglaia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Angelopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spanakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora-Athina Viniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Visco C, Falisi E, Young KH, Pascarella M, Perbellini O, Carli G, Novella E, Rossi D, Giaretta I, Cavallini C, Scupoli MT, De Rossi A, D'Amore ESG, Rassu M, Gaidano G, Pizzolo G, Ambrosetti A, Rodeghiero F. Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is an independent predictor of clinical course and survival. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18653-63. [PMID: 26087198 PMCID: PMC4621917 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load and clinical course of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is unknown. We assessed EBV DNA load by quantitative PCR at CLL presentation in mononuclear cells (MNC) of 220 prospective patients that were enrolled and followed-up in two major Institutions. In 20 patients EBV DNA load was also assessed on plasma samples. Forty-one age-matched healthy subjects were tested for EBV DNA load on MNC. Findings were validated in an independent retrospective cohort of 112 patients with CLL. EBV DNA load was detectable in 59%, and high (≥2000 copies/µg DNA) in 19% of patients, but it was negative in plasma samples. EBV DNA load was significantly higher in CLL patients than in healthy subjects (P < .0001). No relation was found between high EBV load and clinical stage or biological variables, except for 11q deletion (P = .004), CD38 expression (P = .003), and NOTCH1 mutations (P = .05). High EBV load led to a 3.14-fold increase in the hazard ratio of death and to a shorter overall survival (OS; P = .001). Poor OS was attributable, at least in part, to shorter time-to-first-treatment (P = .0008), with no higher risk of Richter's transformation or second cancer. Multivariate analysis selected high levels of EBV load as independent predictor of OS after controlling for confounding clinical and biological variables. EBV DNA load at presentation is an independent predictor of OS in patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Visco
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Erika Falisi
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Omar Perbellini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carli
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Novella
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giaretta
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Research Center LURM (University Laboratory of Medical Research), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Research Center LURM (University Laboratory of Medical Research), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto(IOV)-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mario Rassu
- Department of Microbiology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pizzolo
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Achille Ambrosetti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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9
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Zaleska J, Skorka K, Zajac M, Karczmarczyk A, Karp M, Tomczak W, Hus M, Wlasiuk P, Giannopoulos K. Specific cytotoxic T-cell immune responses against autoantigens recognized by chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:582-90. [PMID: 27097566 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that autoreactivity and inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Cytoskeletal proteins, including non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYHIIA), vimentin (VIM) and cofilin-1 (CFL1), exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells have been identified as autoantigens that are recognized by the specific B-cell receptors of the CLL cells. In 212 CLL patients analysed with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction we found CFL1 overexpression and low expression of MYH9 in comparison with healthy volunteers. We detected specific cytotoxic immune responses for peptides derived from MYHIIA in 66·7%, VIM in 87·5% and CFL1 in 62·5% CLL patients in an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assay. Low frequencies of autoreactive peptide-specific T cells were detected against MYHIIA, VIM and CFL1 in CLL patients ex vivo; most of the detected cells had an effector-memory phenotype. Our findings support the existence of cytotoxic immune responses against three autoantigens that have been identified as targets of CLL clonotypic B-cell receptors. The presence of autoreactive CD8(+) T cells against MYHIIA, VIM and CFL1 in CLL patients indicates the involvement of antigen-specific autoreactive T cells in the pathogenesis of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zaleska
- Department of Experimental Haemato-oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skorka
- Department of Experimental Haemato-oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zajac
- Department of Experimental Haemato-oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
- Department of Experimental Haemato-oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Karp
- Department of Experimental Haemato-oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- Department of Haemato-oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Hus
- Department of Haemato-oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Wlasiuk
- Department of Experimental Haemato-oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- Department of Experimental Haemato-oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Haematology, St. John's Cancer Centre, Lublin, Poland
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10
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Grywalska E, Roliński J, Pasiarski M, Korona-Glowniak I, Maj M, Surdacka A, Grafka A, Stelmach-Gołdyś A, Zgurski M, Góźdź S, Malm A, Grabarczyk P, Starosławska E. High Viral Loads of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Associated with Unfavorable Prognosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140178. [PMID: 26460692 PMCID: PMC4603951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ-herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the world population. The potential involvement of EBV in the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains unexplained. The aim of this study was to determine whether EBV-DNA load in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CLL patients may influence heterogeneity in the course of the disease. The study included peripheral blood samples from 115 previously untreated patients with CLL (54 women and 61 men) and 40 healthy controls (16 women and 24 men). We analyzed the association between the EBV-DNA load in PBMCs and the stage of the disease, adverse prognostic factors, and clinical outcome. Detectable numbers of EBV-DNA copies in PBMCs were found in 62 out of 115 CLL patients (53.91%). The EBV-DNA copy number/μg DNA was significantly higher in patients who required early implementation of treatment, presented with lymphocyte count doubling time <12 months, displayed CD38-positive or ZAP-70-positive phenotype, and with the del(11q22.3) cytogenetic abnormality. Furthermore, the EBV-DNA copy number/μg DNA showed significant positive correlation with the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta-2-microglobulin. We have shown that in CLL patients, higher EBV-DNA copy number predicted shorter survival and shorter time to disease progression, and it was associated with other established unfavorable prognostic factors. This suggests that EBV may negatively affect the outcome of CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA, Viral/blood
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/virology
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Probability
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Pasiarski
- Department of Hematology, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Surdacka
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grafka
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Michał Zgurski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Department of Immunohematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Ferrajoli A, Ivan C, Ciccone M, Shimizu M, Kita Y, Ohtsuka M, D'Abundo L, Qiang J, Lerner S, Nouraee N, Rabe KG, Rassenti LZ, Van Roosbroeck K, Manning JT, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Shanafelt TD, Wierda WG, Sabbioni S, Tarrand JJ, Estrov Z, Radovich M, Liang H, Negrini M, Kipps TJ, Kay NE, Keating M, Calin GA. Epstein-Barr Virus MicroRNAs are Expressed in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Correlate with Overall Survival. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:572-82. [PMID: 26288818 PMCID: PMC4535165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies highlighted the role of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) in B-cell transformation, the involvement of EBV proteins or genome in the development of the most frequent adult leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), has not yet been defined. We hypothesized that EBV microRNAs contribute to progression of CLL and demonstrated the presence of EBV miRNAs in B-cells, in paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies and in the plasma of patients with CLL by using three different methods (small RNA-sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription PCR [q-RT-PCR] and miRNAs in situ hybridization [miRNA-ISH]). We found that EBV miRNA BHRF1-1 expression levels were significantly higher in the plasma of patients with CLL compared with healthy individuals (p < 0 · 0001). Notably, BHRF1-1 as well as BART4 expression were detected in the plasma of either seronegative or seropositive (anti-EBNA-1 IgG and EBV DNA tested) patients; similarly, miRNA-ISH stained positive in bone marrow specimens while LMP1 and EBER immunohistochemistry failed to detect viral proteins and RNA. We also found that BHRF1-1 plasma expression levels were positively associated with elevated beta-2-microglobulin levels and advanced Rai stages and observed a correlation between higher BHRF1-1 expression levels and shorter survival in two independent patients' cohorts. Furthermore, in the majority of CLL cases where BHRF1-1 was exogenously induced in primary malignant B cells the levels of TP53 were reduced. Our findings suggest that EBV may have a role in the process of disease progression in CLL and that miRNA RT-PCR and miRNAs ISH could represent additional methods to detect EBV miRNAs in patients with CLL. EBV miRNA BHRF1-1 expression levels are higher in the plasma of patients with CLL compared with healthy individuals. EBV miRNAs are expressed in both, seronegative and seropositive (anti-EBNA-1 IgG and EBV DNA tested) patients with CLL BHRF1-1 expression levels are associated with unfavorable prognostic markers and shorter survival
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MESH Headings
- Disease-Free Survival
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/virology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/blood
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- beta 2-Microglobulin/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Ciccone
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masahisha Ohtsuka
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lucilla D'Abundo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44100, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, Italy
| | - Jun Qiang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Susan Lerner
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA
| | - Nazila Nouraee
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kari G. Rabe
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura Z. Rassenti
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, Rm 4307, San Diego, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Katrien Van Roosbroeck
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John T. Manning
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tait D. Shanafelt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - William G. Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44100, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, Italy
| | - Jeffrey J. Tarrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 203, IN, 46202 USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 203, IN, 46202 USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44100, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, Italy
| | - Thomas J. Kipps
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, Rm 4307, San Diego, CA 92093-0820, USA
| | - Neil E. Kay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence to: G.A. Calin, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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12
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Casabonne D, Benavente Y, Robles C, Costas L, Alonso E, Gonzalez-Barca E, Tardón A, Dierssen-Sotos T, Vázquez EG, Aymerich M, Campo E, Castaño-Vinyals G, Aragones N, Pollan M, Kogevinas M, Juwana H, Middeldorp J, de Sanjose S. Aberrant Epstein-Barr virus antibody patterns and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a Spanish multicentric case-control study. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:5. [PMID: 25972916 PMCID: PMC4429596 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancies harbour distinct serological responses to EBV antigens. We hypothesized that EBV serological patterns can be useful to identify different stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods Information on 150 cases with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 157 frequency-matched (by age, sex and region) population-based controls from a Spanish multicentre case-control study was obtained. EBV immunoglobulin G serostatus was evaluated through a peptide-based ELISA and further by immunoblot analysis to EBV early antigens (EA), nuclear antigen (EBNA1), VCA-p18, VCA-p40 and Zebra. Two independent individuals categorized the serological patterns of the western blot analysis. Patients with very high response and diversity in EBV-specific polypeptides, in particular with clear responses to EA-associated proteins, were categorized as having an abnormal reactive pattern (ab_EBV). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results Almost all subjects were EBV-IgG positive (>95% of cases and controls) whereas ab_EBV patterns were detected in 23% of cases (N = 34) and 11% of controls (N = 17; OR: 2.44, 95% CI, 1.29 to 4.62; P = 0.006), particularly in intermediate/high risk patients. Although based on small numbers, the association was modified by smoking with a gradual reduction of ab_EBV-related OR for all Rai stages from never smokers to current smokers. Conclusions Highly distinct EBV antibody diversity patterns revealed by immunoblot analysis were detected in cases compared to controls, detectable at very early stages of the disease and particularly among non smokers. This study provides further evidence of an abnormal immunological response against EBV in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1750-9378-10-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Gran Via 199 - 203, 2°; 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Gran Via 199 - 203, 2°; 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Robles
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Gran Via 199 - 203, 2°; 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Gran Via 199 - 203, 2°; 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Alonso
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de LLobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Barca
- Hematology, L' Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL, Institut Català d' Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria- IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marta Aymerich
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic and University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Hematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic and University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain ; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain ; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragones
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ; National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) of Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marina Pollan
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ; National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) of Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain ; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain ; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ; National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Hedy Juwana
- Department Pathology, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Middeldorp
- Department Pathology, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av. Gran Via 199 - 203, 2°; 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Tang X, Zhou Y, Li W, Tang Q, Chen R, Zhu J, Feng Z. T cells expressing a LMP1-specific chimeric antigen receptor mediate antitumor effects against LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:468-75. [PMID: 25469116 PMCID: PMC4250525 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20140066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptor are an attractive strategy to treat Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated malignancies. The EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a 66-KD integral membrane protein encoded by EBV that consists of transmembrane-spanning loops. Previously, we have identified a functional signal chain variable fragment (scFv) that specifically recognizes LMP1 through phage library screening. Here, we constructed a LMP1 specific chimeric antigen receptor containing anti-LMP1 scFv, the CD28 signalling domain, and the CD3ζ chain (HELA/CAR). We tested its functional ability to target LMP1 positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. HELA/CAR cells were efficiently generated using lentivirus vector encoding the LMP1-specific chimeric antigen receptor to infect activated human CD3+ T cells. The HELA/CAR T cells displayed LMP1 specific cytolytic action and produced IFN-γ and IL-2 in response to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells overexpressing LMP1. To demonstrate in vivo anti-tumor activity, we tested the HELA/CAR T cells in a xenograft model using an LMP1 overexpressing tumor. Intratumoral injection of anti-LMP1 HELA/CAR-T cells significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. These results show that targeting LMP1 using HELA/CAR cells could represent an alternative therapeutic approach for patients with EBV-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215617, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Otolaryngological, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Qi Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Otolaryngological, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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14
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Diamantopoulos PT, Polonyfi K, Sofotasiou M, Mantzourani M, Galanopoulos A, Spanakis N, Papadopoulou V, Kalala F, Iliakis T, Zareifi DS, Kodandreopoulou E, Vassilakopoulos T, Angelopoulou M, Siakantaris M, Terpos E, Variami E, Kollia P, Vaiopoulos G, Pangalis G, Viniou NA. Survivin Messenger RNA Levels in Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Patients With Leukemic Low-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas Expressing the Latent Membrane Protein 1: Evidence of Apoptotic Function? CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2014; 14:56-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Papadopoulou V, Diamantopoulos PT, Kontandreopoulou E, Polonyfi K, Variami E, Kouzis P, Galanopoulos A, Spanakis N, Zervakis K, Iliakis T, Perrea D, Kollia P, Vassilakopoulos TP, Pangalis GA, Kyrtsonis C, Vaiopoulos G, Viniou NA. Evidence for regulation of oxidative stress by latent membrane protein 1 oncoprotein in patients with low-grade leukemic B cell lymphoma with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1904-9. [PMID: 24261679 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.867487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in the pathogenesis of low-grade B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) has not been studied. We therefore investigated the incidence of latent EBV infection in a group of patients with leukemic low-grade B-NHL, as well as the incidence of viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncoprotein expression in the same patient group. Furthermore, in an attempt to elucidate the role of this viral oncoprotein in non-EBV-related lymphomas, we correlated the expression of LMP1 with the level of oxidative stress, a parameter related to apoptosis. In the present study we detected lower levels of oxidative stress in the sera of LMP1-positive patients. This possibly implies an anti-apoptotic role of this viral oncoprotein in low-grade B cell lymphomas. However, LMP1 expression status did not affect expression of the major anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Papadopoulou
- Hematology Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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16
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Diamantopoulos PT, Kalotychou V, Polonyfi K, Sofotasiou M, Anastasopoulou A, Galanopoulos A, Spanakis N, Vassilakopoulos T, Angelopoulou M, Siakantaris M, Variami E, Poziopoulos C, Terpos E, Kollia P, Viniou NA. Correlation of Fc-γ RIIA polymorphisms with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection and latent membrane protein 1 expression in patients with low grade B-cell lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2030-4. [PMID: 23270585 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.762512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fc-γ RIIA (CD32), a member of the family of Fc-γ receptors, participates in the phagocytosis of bound to antibody antigens. The effectiveness of this function varies for its several haplotypes, and it participates in the pathogenesis of viral infections, according to recent studies. The genetic locus of Fc-γ RIIA consists of two allelic genes: 131-Arg (R131) and 131-His (H131). Our aim was to correlate Fc-γ RIIA polymorphisms, by studying the prevalence of each allele using PCR-RFLPs (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms), with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in 40 patients with leukemic low grade B-cell lymphomas. R131 was found in 84.2% of EBV-positive patients, but only in 28.5% of EBV-negative patients (p = 0.001). A similar correlation was found for R131 and LMP1 expression (84.6% vs. 28.5%) (p = 0.002). Our results support the hypothesis that Fc-γ RIIA polymorphisms are a genetic risk factor for latent EBV infection and the expression of its oncogenic latency proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis T Diamantopoulos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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17
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Nichele I, Zamò A, Bertolaso A, Bifari F, Tinelli M, Franchini M, Stradoni R, Aprili F, Pizzolo G, Krampera M. VR09 cell line: an EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell line with in vivo characteristics of diffuse large B cell lymphoma of activated B-cell type. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52811. [PMID: 23285191 PMCID: PMC3528718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND small B-cell neoplasms can show plasmacytic differentiation and may potentially progress to aggressive lymphoma (DLBCL). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may cause the transformation of malignant cells in vitro. DESIGN AND METHOD we established VR09 cell line with plasmacytic differentiation, obtained from a case of atypical, non-CLL B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease with plasmacytic features. We used flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, cytogenetic analysis and florescence in situ hybridization in the attempt at thoroughly characterizing the cell line. We showed VR09 tumorigenic potential in vivo, leading to the development of activated DLBCL with plasmacytic features. RESULTS VR09 cells displayed plasmacytic appearance and grew as spherical tumors when inoculated subcutaneously into immunodeficient Rag2(-/-) γ-chain(-/-) mice. VR09 cell line and tumors displayed the phenotype of activated stage of B cell maturation, with secretory differentiation (CD19+ CD20+ CD79a+ CD79b+/- CD138+ cyclin D1- Ki67 80% IgM+ IgD+ MUM1+ MNDA+ CD10- CD22+ CD23+ CD43+ K+, λ- Bcl2+ Bcl6-) and they presented episomal EBV genome, chromosome 12 trisomy, lack of c-MYC rearrangement and Myd88 gene mutation, presence of somatic hypermutation in the VH region, and wild-type p53. CONCLUSION This new EBV-positive cell line may be useful to further characterize in vivo activated DLBCL with plasmacytic features.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics
- CD79 Antigens/genetics
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Guanylate Cyclase/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotype
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Nichele
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Bertolaso
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Tinelli
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Franchini
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Stradoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Aprili
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pizzolo
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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18
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Rego N, Bianchi S, Moreno P, Persson H, Kvist A, Pena A, Oppezzo P, Naya H, Rovira C, Dighiero G, Pritsch O. Search for an aetiological virus candidate in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by extensive transcriptome analysis. Br J Haematol 2012; 157:709-17. [PMID: 22489537 PMCID: PMC7161782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As an approach to determining the aetiology of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), we searched for a virus expressed in human CLL B‐cells by combining high‐throughput sequencing and digital subtraction. Pooled B‐cell mRNA transcriptomes from five CLL patients and five healthy donors were sequenced with 454 Life Sciences technology. Human reads were excluded by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and BLAT (BLAST‐like alignment tool) searches. Remaining reads were screened with BLAST against viral databases. Purified B‐cells from two CLL patients, with and without stimulation by phorbol‐esters, were sequenced using Illumina technology to achieve depth of sequencing. Burrows‐Wheeler Aligner mapping and BLAST searches were used for the Illumina data. Pyrosequencing resulted in about 400 000 reads per sample. No viral candidate could be found. Illumina single‐end sequencing for 115 cycles yielded an average of 26 ± 2·5 million filtered reads per sample, of which 2·2 ± 0·6 million remained unmapped to human references. BLAST searches of these reads against viral and human databases assigned nine reads to an Epstein‐Barr virus origin, in one sample following phorbol‐ester stimulation. Other reads showing a putative viral origin were dismissed after further analysis. Despite an in‐depth analysis of the CLL transcriptome reaching more than 100 million sequences, we have not found evidence for a putative viral candidate in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rego
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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19
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Chen R, Zhang D, Mao Y, Zhu J, Ming H, Wen J, Ma J, Cao Q, Lin H, Tang Q, Liang J, Feng Z. A human Fab-based immunoconjugate specific for the LMP1 extracellular domain inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:594-603. [PMID: 22169768 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major cause of cancer-related death in Southeast Asia and China. Metastasis and relapse are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in NPC. Recent evidence suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is exclusively expressed in most NPC and is a potential target for biotherapy. In this study, we successfully prepared a novel human antibody Fab (HLEAFab) against LMP1 extracellular domain, which was subsequently conjugated with mitomycin C (MMC), thus forming an immunoconjugate (HLEAFab-MMC). The effects of HLEAFab-MMC on proliferation and apoptosis in NPC cell lines HNE2/LMP1 and the inhibition rate of growth of NPC xenografts in nude mice were examined. The inhibition rate of HNE2/LMP1 cell proliferation was the highest for HLEAFab-MMC (76%) compared with MMC (31%) and HLEAFab (22%) at a concentration of 200 nmol/L and showed dose-dependent fashion. The apoptosis rate of HNE2/LMP1 cell lines was 13.88% in HLEAFab-MMC group, 3.04% in MMC group, 2.78% in HLEAFab group, and 2.10% in negative control group at the same concentration, respectively. In vivo, the inhibition rate of growth of NPC xenografts in nude mice was 55.1% in HLEAFab-MMC group, 26.5% in MMC group, and 5.64% in HLEAFab group. In summary, our findings show that HLEAFab-MMC is a unique immunoconjugate with the potential as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of LMP1-expressing NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- Nanjing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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20
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Epstein-Barr virus infection and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a possible progression factor? Infect Agent Cancer 2010; 5:22. [PMID: 21092169 PMCID: PMC2998466 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-5-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is pathogenically associated with a well defined group of lymphoid and epithelial tumors in which the virus directly drives transformation of infected cells. Recent evidence however indicates that this virus may infect a subpopulation of tumor cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and EBV infection has been also associated with Richter transformation in a fraction of cases. We herein review available data suggesting a possible role of EBV as a direct or micro-environmental progression factor in a subset of CLL.
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21
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Casabonne D, Reina O, Benavente Y, Becker N, Maynadié M, Foretová L, Cocco P, González-Neira A, Nieters A, Boffetta P, Middeldorp JM, de Sanjose S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and tumor protein 73 (TP73) interact with Epstein-Barr virus in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from the European case-control study EpiLymph. Haematologica 2010; 96:323-7. [PMID: 21048031 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.031161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Using EpiLymph case-control data, we found that chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were more likely to have abnormal reactive serological patterns to Epstein Barr virus than controls. Here, we aimed to assess whether this association is modified by genetic variants. We examined 1,305 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms from 300 selected genes related to various pathways in 240 cases and 513 controls from five European centers. In a recessive model, patients positive to aberrant antibody pattern and homozygous for rare genotypes in rs8113877T>G or rs17576A>G of the MMP9 gene were at highest risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In a dominant model, TP73 showed the highest risk in patients positive to aberrant antibody pattern and homozygous for the wild-type genotype in rs1885859G>C or rs3765701A>T. All interactions were additive and no main effect was observed. The strong interactions observed may be indicative of a specific pathway in cancer genesis. Confirmation of these results is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), IDIBELL, Institut Català d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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