1
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Ahmadullah, Bilal M, Khan Y. Pattern of Clinical Presentation in Patients With Lymphoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e62211. [PMID: 39011218 PMCID: PMC11249278 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lymphomas take place when cells of the lymphatic system divide and re-divide in an uncontrolled fashion, and lymphomas have been termed as a "diverse group" of cancer, playing a major role in the area of oncology. The clinical behavior and manifestations of lymphomas in the head and neck region usually lack specific characteristics that would enable attribution to a specific lymphoma entity without biopsy and histological evidence. This study aimed to determine the frequency of common clinical features among patients with lymphoma. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from October 28, 2021 to April 28, 2022. The inclusion criteria consisted of individuals who were recently diagnosed with lymphoma and were between the ages of 10 and 50, regardless of their gender. This study enrolled a total of 186 patients diagnosed with lymphoma and assessed for common signs and symptoms. The data-gathering process included in-depth interviews, evaluations of medical history, physical exams, and initial investigations. The data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The mean age of the patients was 34.5±9.6 years. Out of the total, 115 (61.8%) were men and 71 (38.2%) were women. With regard to symptoms, 134 (72%) had a fever, 80 (43%) had abdominal pain, 102 (54.8%) had vomiting, 49 (26.3%) had a headache, 111 (59.7%) had weight loss, and 17 (9.1%) had a cough. With regard to signs, 33 (17.7%) had painless lymphadenopathy, 58 (31.2%) had jaundice, 157 (84.4%) had anemia, 147 (79%) had hepatomegaly, 160 (86%) had splenomegaly, 24 (12.9%) had ascites, and 16 (8.6%) had abdominal tenderness. Conclusion The varied clinical appearance of lymphoma makes treatment difficult. In severe cases of lymphoma, early and timely diagnosis is crucial for proper and prompt treatment. The signs and symptoms, along with demographic information of patients, thorough medical history, imaging testing, and clinical examination, may indicate lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadullah
- Department of Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Yaseen Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, PAK
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2
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Kachira JJ, AlJumaili Z. Synchronous Diagnosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung and Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Nasopharynx. Cureus 2022; 14:e32885. [PMID: 36699799 PMCID: PMC9867922 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable B cell lymphoproliferative neoplasm with a bimodal age distribution. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both sexes. We present a rare case of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung and mixed cellularity HL of the nasopharynx. A gentleman in his 70s presented with right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. CT of the chest showed a peripheral lung mass, and a biopsy confirmed SCC of the lung. The patient underwent a positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging that revealed an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid mass in the nasopharynx. Flexible nasal endoscopy and biopsy of the nasopharyngeal mass revealed mixed cellularity classical HL. The patient was started on chemoimmunotherapy for lung cancer. Unfortunately, two months after initiation of treatment, the patient died from COVID-19 pneumonia and multiorgan failure.
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3
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Bitner BF, Htun NN, Wang BY, Brem EA, Kuan EC. Sinonasal lymphoma: A primer for otolaryngologists. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1712-1724. [PMID: 36544932 PMCID: PMC9764779 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sinonasal lymphomas are a rare entity that commonly present with nonspecific sinonasal symptoms and are often recognized immediately. Through this review, we aim to summarize important principles in diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal lymphomas, with the goal of disseminating the current knowledge of this under-recognized malignancy to otolaryngologists. Methods Systemic review using PRISMA guidelines of foundational scholarly articles, guidelines, and trials were reviewed focusing on clinical characteristics of key sinonasal lymphoma subtypes, along with available treatments in the otolaryngology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology literature. Results Sinonasal lymphoma are derived from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation, of which diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) are the most common. Diagnosis and staging require biopsy with immunohistochemistry in conjunction with imaging and laboratory studies. Treatment is ever evolving and currently includes multi-agent chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Conclusion Otolaryngologists may be the first to recognize sinonasal lymphoma, which requires a comprehensive workup and a multidisciplinary team for treatment. Symptoms are nonspecific and similar to many sinonasal pathologies, and it is crucial for otolaryngologists to keep a broad differential. Level of Evidence 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Bitner
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nyein Nyein Htun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Beverly Y. Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Brem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Edward C. Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCaliforniaUSA,Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Ren Q, Wei W, Zhang R, Qi Y, Wang Z. New Perspective on Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Nasopharynx: Case Report With Review of the Literature. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022:1455613221113804. [PMID: 35818666 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare disorder. We describe a case of a 24-year-old male with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) primarily originating from the nasopharynx. He presented with symptoms including snoring and bilateral nasal congestion. After evaluation, endoscopic surgery was performed. Surprisingly, the pathological result proved to be classic HL. Postoperative MRI showed that the tumor was completely resected, and PET-CT was further examined. No lesions were found in other places. Shortly thereafter, the patient was transferred to the hematology department for chemotherapy, and the patient was followed up for 5 months without tumor recurrence. As new problems have been detected in medical management, it is vital to put the HL of the nasopharynx into a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhan Ren
- Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxiang Zhang
- Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Verón DA, Obando P, Streitenberger P, Castellanos M, Fernández KS. Unusual presentations of hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: Extranodal disease, autoimmune and infection-like disorders. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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6
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Akhtar S, Khafaga Y, Edesa W, Al-Mubarak M, Rauf MS, Maghfoor I. Hodgkin lymphoma involving extranodal sites in head and neck: report of twenty-nine cases and review of three-hundred and fifty-seven cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:103-110. [PMID: 33478377 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1865667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) involving the Waldeyer's ring (WR) and other extranodal head and neck sites are rare. We report our experience and PubMed literature review. METHODS Retrospective single institution cohort study using lymphoma data base and PubMed literature search using twenty-six various search terms. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were treated in our institution (1975-2018). Male:Female 22:7, median age at diagnosis 33 years (15-64), stages I-II:III-IV 25:4. Sites were nasopharynx (10), tonsil (9), parotid (5), mandible (2) and others (3). 20/29 patients received radiation therapy, 22/29 received chemotherapy. Ten years overall-survival and progression-free survival are 92% and 66% respectively. PubMed search showed 8766 citations and identified 357 patients including our patients. Male:Female 199:131, median age 45 years (5-89). Stages I-II in 286 (80%). Involvement was nasopharynx 109 (30.5%), tonsil 67 (18.8%), parotid 58 (16.2%), thyroid 45 (12.6%), adenoid 10 (2.8%), mandible 10 (2.8%) and others in 58 (16.2%). Pathology: mixed cellularity 99 (27.7%), nodular sclerosis 88 (24.6%), nodular lymphocyte-predominant 56 (15.7%), lymphocyte rich 25 (7%), classical-HL-not otherwise specified 16 (4.5%) and lymphocyte depleted 7 (2%) patients. Treatment details are available for 233 patients; 165 (46%) received radiation therapy, 137 (38%) chemotherapy. Complete remission in 208 (58%), progressive disease 14 (4%), no information 135 (38%). Overall, treatment failure in 54 (15%). Thirty (8.4%) have died; 21 disease related. KM overall-survival at 5 and 10 years was 88.5% and 77.6% respectively. CONCLUSION This largest report showed that HL involving extranodal head and neck sites is not very uncommon and has excellent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Akhtar
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Oncology Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassir Khafaga
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Oncology Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Edesa
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Oncology Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Al-Mubarak
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Oncology Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shahzad Rauf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Oncology Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Maghfoor
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Oncology Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Seelisch J, De Alarcon PA, Flerlage JE, Hoppe BS, Kaste SC, Kelly KM, Kurch L, Marks LJ, Mauz-Koerholz C, McCarten K, Metzger ML, Stroevesandt D, Voss SD, Punnett A. Expert consensus statements for Waldeyer's ring involvement in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: The staging, evaluation, and response criteria harmonization (SEARCH) for childhood, adolescent, and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (CAYAHL) group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28361. [PMID: 32672879 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Waldeyer's ring (WR) involvement in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is extremely rare and criteria for determining involvement and response to treatment are unclear. The international Staging, Evaluation, and Response Criteria Harmonization for Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma (SEARCH for CAYAHL) Group performed a systematic review of the literature in search of involvement or response criteria, or evidence to support specific criteria. Only 166 cases of HL with WR involvement were reported in the literature, 7 of which were pediatric. To date no standardized diagnostic or response assessment criteria are available. Given the paucity of evidence, using a modified Delphi survey technique, expert consensus statements were developed by the SEARCH group to allow for a more consistent definition of disease and response evaluation related to this rare site of involvement among pediatric oncologists. The available evidence and expert consensus statements are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Seelisch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Pedro A De Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Jamie E Flerlage
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Bradford S Hoppe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sue C Kaste
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Oncology, St. Jude Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kara M Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lars Kurch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lianna J Marks
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christine Mauz-Koerholz
- Department of Padiatrische Hamatologie und Onkologie, Zentrum fur Kinderheiikunde der Justus-Liebig-Universitat Gieben, GieBen, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University of Haile-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kathleen McCarten
- IROC Rhode Island/Quality Assurance Review Center, Lincoln, Rhode Island
| | - Monika L Metzger
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Stephan D Voss
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Punnett
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, SickKids Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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8
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AYDIN S, BOLDAZ E. Tonsillektomi spesmenlerinin Histopatolojik Retrospektif Analizi. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.521354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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9
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Tseng CH, Wang WC, Chen CY, Hsu HJ, Chen YK. Clinical manifestations of oral lymphomas - Retrospective study of 15 cases in a Taiwanese population and a review of 592 cases from the literature. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:361-370. [PMID: 32505589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Due to the rarity of oral lymphoma (OL), we aimed to evaluate the clinical features of OL and discuss these findings in light of the literature. METHODS English language literature (1980-2019) related to OL was searched in two electronic databases. Patients (2000-2019) diagnosed with OL were also selected from the database of the Oral Pathology Department in our institution. The clinical features, radiographic appearance, and histopathological diagnosis in these selected cases from publications and our institution were then analyzed. RESULTS 607 cases of OL (15 in our institution and 592 from literature) in patients aged between 0 and 92 years (average, 51.8 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1 were included. The most common diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 205), followed by Burkitt lymphoma (n = 72) and T-cell lymphoma (n = 37). The most frequent site was the gingiva, followed by palate, maxilla, mandible, tongue and buccal mucosa. The most frequent symptoms were swelling, ulceration, paresthesia, mobile tooth and pain. Radiographic findings included ill-defined osteolytic lesion, thickening of the periodontal ligament, loss of lamina dura and tooth displacement. CONCLUSION Despite the rarity of extranodal lymphomas in oral cavity, their occurrence may be part of disseminated disease. Detailed history-taking, clinical and imaging examination and awareness of the patient's signs and symptoms are important for early diagnosis and an improved prognosis. The current data form a useful basis for clinical investigation and teaching regarding lymphoma occurring in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Huang Tseng
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jen Hsu
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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10
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Völker HU, Becker E, Müller-Hermelink HK, Scheich M. [Extranodal manifestation of classical Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck region]. HNO 2019; 68:32-39. [PMID: 31712877 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-00781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extranodal lymphomas occurring in the head and neck region account for 12-15% of all malignant tumors of this locality. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a rare subtype, representing around 1% of all lymphomas in Waldeyer's ring. Cases diagnosed in the Reference Centre for Lymph Node Pathology at the Pathological Institute of the University of Würzburg were further analyzed in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histological subtype and EBV association of 21 cases were reviewed in conjunction with clinical data. RESULTS Data of 12 male and 9 female patients with an average age of 51 years (median 45; 35-72) were reviewed. All samples were taken from the lymphatic tissue of the Waldeyer's ring (nasopharynx n = 15, palatine tonsils n = 5, lingual tonsils n = 1). The most common symptoms leading to a consultation with an otorhinolaryngologist were otalgia, swelling, or impaired nasal breathing. Only four patients showed typical B‑symptoms. In 6 cases (29%), an isolated extranodal manifestation was found, 15 patients (71%) showed simultaneous infiltration of cervical lymph nodes during staging, and 6 cases (29%) were EBV positive. CONCLUSION An exclusively extranodal manifestation of cHL in Waldeyer's ring is rare, whereas infiltration of extranodal tissue in the case of a primary manifestation of lymphoma in cervical nodes can occur more frequently and may often remain undiagnosed. Therefore, a specialized ENT consultation could be a reasonable complementary module in tumor staging to determine the correct tumor extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-U Völker
- Pathologie, Leopoldina Krankenhaus der Stadt Schweinfurt GmbH, Schweinfurt, Deutschland
| | - E Becker
- Pathologie, Leopoldina Krankenhaus der Stadt Schweinfurt GmbH, Schweinfurt, Deutschland
| | | | - M Scheich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, plastische und ästhetische Operationen, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.
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11
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Zou DM, Zhou DB, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang W. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in Chinese patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma involving extranodal sites: a retrospective single-center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:661-668. [PMID: 31537183 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2019.1668161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in Chinese patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) involving extranodal sites. Methods: Clinical features and outcomes of 68 patients diagnosed with cHL involving extranodal sites from April 2003 to November 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The data was compared with that of 76 cHL patients without extranodal involvement in the same period. Results: (1) Extranodal involvement was common in Chinese cHL patients. The most common sites were lung (44.1%) and bone (33.8%), followed by bone marrow, liver, pericardium, pleura and other sites. (2) With a median follow-up period of 4.58 years, the 5-year overall survival (OS) of 68 patients with extranodal involvement was significantly poorer than that of 76 patients with only nodal involvement (81.4% vs. 92.8%, p = 0.018). (3) In univariate analysis, lymphocytopenia (p = 0.027), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.026) and involved lymph node region (LNR) ≥4 (p = 0.044) predicted inferior freedom from progression (FFP) with significant difference. Elder age (p = 0.010), elevated LDH (p = 0.013), elevated platelet (p = 0.044), involved LNR ≥ 4 (p = 0.047) were also statistically significant in OS. Extranodal sites and number of extranodal sites showed no significant difference in FFP and OS. Factors with p-value smaller than 0.100 were evaluated in multivariate analysis, turning out that lymphocytopenia was the only independent adverse prognostic factor in FFP (p = 0.039; HR = 2.595) and OS (p = 0.028; HR = 4.993). Conclusion: Extranodal involvement was frequent in Chinese cHL patients, with lung to be the most commonly involved site. Lymphocytopenia was the only independent adverse prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Zou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Bin Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Wangfujing , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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12
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Storck K, Brandstetter M, Keller U, Knopf A. Clinical presentation and characteristics of lymphoma in the head and neck region. Head Face Med 2019; 15:1. [PMID: 30606206 PMCID: PMC6317257 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study analyses clinical characteristics of histologically defined head and neck (H&N) lymphoma to raise the awareness of ENT specialists to the leading symptoms. Method From 2003 to 2011, all patients with histologically defined H&N lymphoma from our clinic were evaluated. Results This study identified 221 patients with H&N lymphoma comprising 193 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 28 Hodgkin lymphomas (HL). Among NHL there were 77 indolent (iNHL), 110 aggressive (aNHL), six highly aggressive NHL and further 28 HL. Patients with highly aggressive NHL and HL were significantly younger (p < 0.0001). Corresponding to the leading symptoms, we found nodal and extranodal involvement. NHL demonstrated manifestation in neck lymph nodes, tonsils, major salivary glands, sinonasal-system and hypopharynx/larynx. HL showed exclusive manifestation in lymph nodes of the neck and the tonsils (p < 0.0001). The mean time from first symptoms to diagnosis ranged from 1.5 ± 0.7 months in highly aggressive lymphoma to 7.5 ± 11.5 months in iNHL. Conclusions The variable clinical presentation of lymphoma is a challenge for the ENT specialist. Fast diagnosis is crucial for rapid treatment, especially in highly aggressive NHL like the Burkitt-lymphoma and HL. A standardized medical history, clinical examination and imaging evaluations paired with patient’s signs, symptoms and demographic knowledge might indicate lymphoma. Biopsies in the H&N region should always be immediately performed in suspicious findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Storck
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Brandstetter
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Knopf
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Qin Y, Lu L, Lu Y, Yang K. Hodgkin lymphoma involving the tonsil misdiagnosed as tonsillar carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9761. [PMID: 29443738 PMCID: PMC5839833 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Primary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) involving the tonsil is extremely rare. Only about 20 such cases with verification of biopsy and immunohistochemistry have been reported. Because of its rarity and unremarkable clinical presentation, a timely correct diagnosis is very challenging. PATIENT CONCERNS A 43-year-old man complained left tonsillar enlargement and painless masses in left neck, with night sweat. The clinical examination found a marked tonsillar asymmetry, with an enlarged left tonsil and ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and a normal right tonsil. DIAGNOSIS The patient was initially regarded as tonsillar lymphoepithelial carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS The patient received a resection of left tonsil and left cervical masses and then was definitively diagnosed as HL (IIEB). He was managed by 6 cycles of chemotherapy (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) and radiotherapy to the Waldeyer ring. OUTCOMES The patient has been disease free for more than 3 years after diagnosis. LESSONS As the reason of an extreme rare occurrence of HL involving the tonsil, doctors can easily misdiagnose the disease as tonsillar lymphoepithelial carcinoma. This case serves as a reminder important role of biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Qin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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Han AY, Kuan EC, Alonso JE, Badran KW, St John MA. Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma in the United States: A Population-Based Analysis of 1119 Cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156:870-876. [PMID: 28322119 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817695808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with nasopharyngeal lymphoma (NPL) between 1973 and 2012 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Study Design Retrospective cohort study using a national database. Methods The SEER registry was used to calculate survival trends for patients with NPL between 1973 and 2012. Patient data were then analyzed with respect to histopathology, age, sex, race, histologic subtype, Ann Arbor stage, and whether radiation therapy was given. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated. Results A total of 1119 cases of NPL were identified. The cohort was composed of 58.8% males. The mean age at diagnosis was 59.3 years. The median OS was 8.2 years. B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) accounted for most cases (77.5%), with natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas comprising 6.0% of cases. A total of 41.5% patients received radiation therapy. OS at 2, 5, and 10 years was 70%, 57%, and 45%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age and NK/T-cell NHL histologic subtype were associated with worse OS and DSS, while radiation therapy was associated with improved OS and DSS (all P < .05). Conclusion With the exception of NK/T-cell NHL subtypes, NPL is associated with a fair prognosis, with younger age, low Ann Arbor stage, and radiation therapy being independent positive prognosticators for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Y Han
- 1 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- 1 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jose E Alonso
- 1 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karam W Badran
- 1 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maie A St John
- 1 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.,2 Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,3 UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Dion GR, Packer MD. Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma presenting as a nasopharyngeal mass and cervical lymphadenopathy. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2016; 94:E26-9. [PMID: 26053987 DOI: 10.1177/014556131509400617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical lymphadenopathy in adults has a broad differential diagnosis, including bacterial and viral infections, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and various neoplasms. Many of its etiologies share similar symptomatology and presentations, which complicates the diagnosis. A thorough history and a comprehensive physical examination, to include nasopharyngoscopy and imaging as indicated by the specific case, are key to determining the origin of the lymphadenopathy and to avoid a missed or delayed diagnosis. Based on our review of the literature, we present the second reported case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma presenting in an adult with an obstructing adenoid/nasopharyngeal mass and lymphadenopathy. The mass, which occurred in a 19-year-old woman of Asian descent, caused nasal airway obstruction in the setting of cervical lymphadenopathy that was initially ascribed to mononucleosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Dion
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, ATTN: MCHE-SDT (Oto), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
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Intraparotid classical and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: pattern analysis with emphasis on associated lymphadenoma-like proliferations. Am J Surg Pathol 2015; 39:1206-12. [PMID: 25929348 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most of the lymphoproliferative diseases involving the salivary glands represent indolent non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma (marginal zone lymphoma) related to chronic autoimmune sialadenitis (Sjögren disease). Other types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas involve the salivary glands less frequently. On rare occasions, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) present initially as a primary salivary gland mass. We analyzed a series of CHL (n=3) and NLPHL (n=6) presenting initially as parotid gland tumors concerning their pattern (parenchymal vs. intraparotid lymph node) and the presence of salivary inclusions and epithelial proliferations within the lymphoma infiltrate. The pattern of infiltration was determined on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides assisted by immunostaining for pancytokeratin to highlight lobular salivary gland parenchyma. Patients included 6 male and 3 female individuals with a mean age of 62 years (range, 36 to 88 y). Lymphoma was localized within intraparotid lymph nodes in 8 cases and was limited to salivary parenchyma in 1 case. Parenchymal involvement in nodal-based cases was scored as absent (3) or minimal (5). Salivary inclusions (acini and ductules) within affected lymph nodes were noted in 6 cases (4/5 NLPHLs and 2/3 CHLs). In 3/6 NLPHL cases, salivary inclusions showed variable proliferative changes ranging from prominent lymphoepithelial lesions to cystic and oncocytic (Warthin-like) epithelial changes. Scanty small lymphoepithelial lesions were seen in 1 of the 3 CHL cases. One NLPHL in the intraparotid lymph node was accompanied by prominent lymphoepithelial sialadenitis in the absence of clinical signs of Sjögren disease. This study highlights that a majority of parotid gland Hodgkin lymphomas arise within intraparotid lymph nodes. Frequent entrapment and proliferation of salivary ducts and acini within the lymphoma infiltrate might mimic a variety of benign lymphoepithelial mass-forming lesions (nonsebaceous lymphadenoma, Warthin tumor, and autoimmune sialadenitis). Pancytokeratin stain is helpful for reliable assessment of the background architecture.
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Cencini E, Fabbri A, Lazzi S, Bocchia M. Primary Nasopharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma. Head Neck Pathol 2015; 9:536-7. [PMID: 26108528 PMCID: PMC4651919 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-015-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cencini
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Alberto Fabbri
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Nasopharynx: Case Report with Review of the Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2015; 9:369-75. [PMID: 25643759 PMCID: PMC4542794 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-015-0611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report an uncommon case and histopathologic work-up of Hodgkin lymphoma of the nasopharynx in a 49-year old female patient who presented with a 2-year complaint of bilateral nasal congestion. Histologic study revealed a lymphocyte rich subtype of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed CD15, CD30, OCT-2, BOB.1, and MUM-1 expression by the neoplastic cells and a lack of expression of CD45, CD20, CD3, EMA, and EBER. The review of the literature showed that Hodgkin lymphoma of the nasopharynx is rare, the most common reported subtype is the mixed cellularity, and Hodgkin lymphoma of the nasopharynx has a favorable prognosis.
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Picard A, Cardinne C, Denoux Y, Wagner I, Chabolle F, Bach CA. Extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck: a 67-case series. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2014; 132:71-5. [PMID: 25553969 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study sought to describe clinical presentation in extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck (ELHN), with the aim of improving diagnostic management. MATERIAL AND METHODS A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted over the period 2001-13. Age, gender, histologic type, location, type of clinical presentation, time interval between symptom onset and histologic diagnosis and presence of specific symptoms were recorded, as were the specialty of the physician initially consulted and of the physician taking the diagnostic sample. RESULTS Sixty-seven cases of ELHN were diagnosed: 39 male and 28 female patients, with a median age of 68 years. B-cell lymphoma (84%) was more frequent than plasmacytoma (7%) or T-cell lymphoma (6%). Location was mainly palatine tonsil (28%), nasal fossa and sinus (19%), nasopharynx (14%) or parotid (13%). Revelation often involved a mass (33%), and only rarely any specific symptoms (9%). Time interval from symptom onset to diagnosis was short in aggressive lymphoma and longer in low-grade lymphoma (mean 4 and 10 months respectively). The physician initially consulted was an ENT specialist in 67% of cases, and an ENT specialist performed diagnostic sampling in 97% of cases. CONCLUSION ELHN is a rare pathology (5 cases per year in our department) of highly variable clinical presentation depending on location and histologic type. The ENT physician should be prepared for diagnosis regardless of anatomic location, so as to optimize diagnostic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picard
- Service de chirurgie ORL et cervico-faciale, hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - C Cardinne
- Service de chirurgie ORL et cervico-faciale, hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UFR de médecine Paris Ouest Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78280 Guyancourt, France
| | - Y Denoux
- Service d'anatomo-pathologie, hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - I Wagner
- Service de chirurgie ORL et cervico-faciale, hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - F Chabolle
- Service de chirurgie ORL et cervico-faciale, hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UFR de médecine Paris Ouest Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78280 Guyancourt, France
| | - C A Bach
- Service de chirurgie ORL et cervico-faciale, hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UFR de médecine Paris Ouest Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78280 Guyancourt, France.
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Dralle H, Musholt TJ, Schabram J, Steinmüller T, Frilling A, Simon D, Goretzki PE, Niederle B, Scheuba C, Clerici T, Hermann M, Kußmann J, Lorenz K, Nies C, Schabram P, Trupka A, Zielke A, Karges W, Luster M, Schmid KW, Vordermark D, Schmoll HJ, Mühlenberg R, Schober O, Rimmele H, Machens A. German Association of Endocrine Surgeons practice guideline for the surgical management of malignant thyroid tumors. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2013; 398:347-75. [PMID: 23456424 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-013-1057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has surged not only in Germany but also in other countries of the Western hemisphere. This surge was first and foremost due to an increase of prognostically favorable ("low risk") papillary thyroid microcarcinomas, for which limited surgical procedures are often sufficient without loss of oncological benefit. These developments called for an update of the previous practice guideline to detail the surgical treatment options that are available for the various disease entities and tumor stages. METHODS The present German Association of Endocrine Surgeons practice guideline was developed on the basis of clinical evidence considering current national and international treatment recommendations through a formal expert consensus process in collaboration with the German Societies of General and Visceral Surgery, Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine, Pathology, Radiooncology, Oncological Hematology, and a German thyroid cancer patient support organization. RESULTS The practice guideline for the surgical management of malignant thyroid tumors includes recommendations regarding preoperative workup; classification of locoregional nodes and terminology of surgical procedures; frequency, clinical, and histopathological features of occult and clinically apparent papillary, follicular, poorly differentiated, undifferentiated, and sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancers, thyroid lymphoma and thyroid metastases from primaries outside the thyroid gland; extent of thyroidectomy; extent of lymph node dissection; aerodigestive tract resection; postoperative follow-up and surgery for recurrence and distant metastases. CONCLUSION These evidence-based recommendations for surgical therapy reflect various "treatment corridors" that are best discussed within multidisciplinary teams and the patient considering tumor type, stage, progression, and inherent surgical risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Dralle
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06097, Halle, Saale, Germany.
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Iguchi H, Wada T, Matsushita N, Oishi M, Yamane H. Anatomic distribution of hematolymphoid malignancies in the head and neck: 7 years of experience with 122 patients in a single institution. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132:1224-31. [PMID: 23025415 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2012.694474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Most hematolymphoid malignancies in the head and neck were malignant lymphomas that most often occurred in sexagenarian men. Approximately 80% of them were B-cell lymphomas with a predominance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in both nodal and extranodal sites. Our results were compatible with those in a previous study that was conducted in the central part of Japan. OBJECTIVES This analysis was performed to describe the anatomic distribution of hematolymphoid malignancies that were diagnosed by biopsy in our department. METHODS Clinical medical records of 122 patients with hematolymphoid malignancies in the head and neck from January 2004 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The anatomic site of origin according to the histopathology of each malignancy was analyzed. RESULTS The incidence ratio of hematolymphoid malignancies was 15.1%. The male:female ratio was 2.3:1. Ages ranged from 17 to 89 years (median, 66). Of the 122 cases, 121 were lymphoid neoplasms (4 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma and 117 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and the remaining 1 was myeloid. The most common histopathology was DLBCL (54.9%), followed by follicular lymphoma (8.2%), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (8.2%). Most commonly, the oropharynx (36.1%) and the cervical lymph node (34.4%) were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Iguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Li ZM, Zhu YJ, Xia Y, Huang JJ, Jiang WQ. Clinical characteristics of the patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma involving extranodal sites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:342-7. [PMID: 22692069 PMCID: PMC3777495 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.012.10008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Differences between Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients in China and Western countries are known to exist, but data on Chinese patients with HL are limited. It is not clear whether there are clinical and histological differences in patients with HL involving different extranodal sites. This is the first study to analyze Chinese patients with HL involving different extranodal sites. We selected 22 HL patients with extranodal involvement from more than 250 previously untreated HL patients. Most patients were young males, and 20 of the 22 patients had stage IV disease. The major pathologic types were nodular sclerosis classical HL (NSCHL) and mixed cellularity classical HL(MCCHL). At diagnosis, the most commonly involved extranodal sites were the liver and lung, followed by the bones. There was no significant association between the international prognostic score(IPS) and survival in patients with different extranodal sites. Our data showed the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of low-risk group (IPS = 0-2) were relatively higher than those of high-risk group (IPS ≥ 3), but the IPS did not show predictive power for survival. Although HL with extranodal involvement is rare, it should be considered as a unique form of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China.
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Beasley M. Lymphoma of the Thyroid and Head and Neck. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2012; 24:345-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Peterson JL, Hayostek CJ, Garvey C, Menke DM, Rivera CE. Hodgkin lymphoma of the maxillary sinus: an unusual occurrence. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2012; 91:E16-9. [PMID: 22278873 DOI: 10.1177/014556131209100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The maxillary sinus is a rare anatomic site for Hodgkin lymphoma, as only 1 such case has been previously reported in the literature. Nevertheless, we recommend that lymphoma be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass that involves the maxillary sinus or any other unusual extranodal site in the head and neck. Lymphoma in a patient who presents with disease in an unusual site and without lymphadenopathy is difficult to diagnose. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with nasal congestion and obstruction. Examination revealed an abnormal-appearing mucosa involving the maxillary sinus. Subsequent evaluation led to a diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma. Because making such a diagnosis is difficult, close attention to radiologic and pathologic findings is important. Our review of the literature revealed that treatment commonly includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which yield excellent outcomes. The current standard of care for patients with similar-stage Hodgkin lymphoma at other sites can guide the treatment course for patients with extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Peterson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Bibliography. Lymphoma. Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:537-41. [PMID: 21836468 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32834b18ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zolotar M, Olaleye O, Sherif A, Howe R, Mathews J. Hodgkin's disease presenting as discharging neck sinuses and a mediastinal mass. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:bcr.12.2010.3669. [PMID: 22689859 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 23-year-old Asian lady presented with a hard indurated midline neck swelling of 2 months duration without any upper aerodigestive tract or systemic symptoms of note. Her inflammatory markers were elevated and she was commenced on antibiotics. Ultrasound scan and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were inconclusive. A CT scan showed an ill-defined soft tissue mass anterior to and not well demarcated from the thyroid, and contiguous with a superior and anterior mediastinal mass. Incisional biopsy revealed necrosis and pockets of purulent material. Microbiology suggested a chronic pyogenic abscess negative for acid fast bacilli. She was treated with antituberculous therapy without resolution. She developed a discharging lateral neck mass with progressive increase of the mediastinal mass. She subsequently required a neck exploration and mediastinoscopy. Repeat mediastinal biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and no organisms on culture. She was commenced on chemotherapeutic treatment with a satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Zolotar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Russells Hall Hospital, West Midlands, UK
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van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma. A review of the literature published from August 2010–October 2010. J Hematop 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-010-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma: a review of the literature published from April 2010–July 2010. J Hematop 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-010-0069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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