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Mukai Y, Taira N, Kitaguchi Y, Nakagiri R, Saiga M, Kochi M, Iwamoto T, Shien T, Doihara H, Kimata Y. An observational study of the impact of immediate breast reconstruction on perioperative inflammatory cytokines. Surg Today 2023; 53:1305-1316. [PMID: 37212931 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perioperative inflammatory cytokines may be related to cancer proliferation, although few studies have investigated this issue in patients undergoing breast reconstruction surgery. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of patients scheduled for mastectomy only, mastectomy plus deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction (DIEP), or mastectomy plus tissue expander reconstruction (TE), with or without axial dissection (Ax), for primary breast cancer. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serum IL-6 and VEGF preoperatively, then within 24 h postoperatively (POD 1), and 4-6 days postoperatively (POD 4-6). We investigated the difference in serum cytokine levels over time for each surgical procedure and the difference in serum cytokine levels among the procedures at the three measurement time points. RESULTS There were 120 patients included in the final analysis. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher than the preoperative level on POD 1 in patients who underwent mastectomy only, DIEP, or TE and Ax (+), with higher values persisting on POD 4-6 except in those who underwent DIEP. IL-6 was significantly higher after DIEP than after mastectomy only on POD 1, but no differences were observed at POD 4-6. VEGF did not differ significantly among the surgical procedures at any time. CONCLUSIONS The increase in IL-6 was short term and immediate breast reconstruction is considered a safe procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mukai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Okayama Rousai Hospital, 2-10-25 Chikko -Midorimachi, Minami-ku, Okayama-City, Okayama Prefecture, 702-8055, Japan.
| | - Naruto Taira
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki-City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yohei Kitaguchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nakagiri
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Miho Saiga
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Mariko Kochi
- Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Shien
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doihara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Kurashiki-City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kimata
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
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2
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Taci Hoca N, Ünsal E, Murat K, Ertürk A, Çapan N. Can serum progranulin level be used as a prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin has been considered to be a poor prognostic biomarker for some types of malignancies. However, the clinical significance of serum progranulin level and the prognostic value are still not explored in advanced stages of lung cancer. The current study investigates the prognostic significance of progranulin serum levels in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study involved 94 subjects (70 advanced-stage NSCLC patients and 24 healthy controls). Serum progranulin level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was correlated with patient outcome. The association between circulating progranulin level and clinicopathological parameters was detected. Serum progranulin cut-off level predicting six-month survival was determined. Serum progranulin level was found significantly elevated in NSCLC patients than in the control group (p<0.001). We did not determine a significant difference between stage IIIB and stage IV NSCLC patients for serum progranulin levels (p=0.166). When we evaluated the laboratory parameters, only serum LDH level was found significantly correlated with serum progranulin level (p=0.043), also bone and liver metastasis showed a significant correlation with progranulin level (p=0.008 and p = 0.024, respectively). The cut-off level of serum progranulin in predicting six months of survival was determined as 16.03 ng/ml (AUC = 0.973, 95%Cl: 0.903-0.997, p<0.001) with 97.06% sensitivity and 88.89% specificity. Overall survival was determined shorter in patients with progranulin level ≥16 ng/ml than those with <16 ng/ml (p<0.001). Also, in the multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model serum progranulin level was found as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC (p=0.001). Serum progranulin level may be a useful biomarker for predicting poor survival in advanced-stage NSCLC patients.
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3
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Svaton M, Blazek J, Krakorova G, Buresova M, Teufelova Z, Vodicka J, Hurdalkova K, Barinova M, Pesek M. Laboratory Parameters are Possible Prognostic Markers in Patients with Advanced-stage NSCLC Treated with Bevacizumab plus Chemotherapy. J Cancer 2021; 12:5753-5759. [PMID: 34475989 PMCID: PMC8408121 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate potential associations between selected laboratory markers (CRP, LDH, albumin, sodium, hemoglobin, neutrophils, and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio [NLR]) and outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with bevacizumab (BEV) plus chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 105 patients with NSCLC from the Czech TULUNG registry treated at University Hospital in Pilsen with BEV + chemotherapy. Response to therapy was tested by Fisher's exact test. Survival statistics were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox analysis. Results: We showed significantly better disease control rate when CRP, albumin, hemoglobin, and NLR were within established “normal” values. In univariate analysis, normal values of CRP, LDH, albumin, sodium, hemoglobin, neutrophils, and NLR were associated with better overall survival (OS). Normal values of CRP, albumin, hemoglobin, neutrophils, and NLR were associated also with better progression-free survival (PFS). In a multivariate Cox model, normal values of LDH, albumin, and NLR were associated with significantly better OS while normal CRP, albumin, and NLR were associated with better PFS. Conclusions: LDH and sodium appear to be possible prognostic markers for BEV treatment in combination with chemotherapy in NSCLC. The parameters associated with inflammatory response (CRP, NLR, albumin, and possibly hemoglobin) appear to be promising predictive markers for this treatment combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Svaton
- Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Blazek
- Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krakorova
- Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buresova
- Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Teufelova
- Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Vodicka
- Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Magda Barinova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Ltd. Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Pesek
- Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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4
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Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacokinetics and Circulating Proteins as Biomarkers for Bevacizumab Treatment Optimization in Patients with Cancer: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030079. [PMID: 32759686 PMCID: PMC7563856 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF-A and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of various cancer, including metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and others. Thus, it is widely used in oncology, but contrary to other therapeutic classes, there is still a lack of validating predictive factors for treatment outcomes with these agents. In recent years, the research for factors predictive of anti-VEGF treatments and especially bevacizumab response has been one of the most competitive translational research fields. Herein, we review and present the available literature of the clinical use of biomarkers, pharmacogenomics (PG), and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) approaches that can be used for the optimization of bevacizumab use in the era of precision medicine.
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5
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Masaki C, Sugino K, Kobayashi S, Akaishi J, Hames KY, Tomoda C, Suzuki A, Matsuzu K, Uruno T, Ohkuwa K, Kitagawa W, Nagahama M, Ito K. Urinalysis by combination of the dipstick test and urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) assessment can prevent unnecessary lenvatinib interruption in patients with thyroid cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1278-1284. [PMID: 32347432 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinuria induced by lenvatinib is a class effect that occurs secondary to VEGFR suppression. Withholding of lenvatinib is required in cases with severe proteinuria. Urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR, g/gCre) has recently attracted attention as an alternative to 24-h urine collection for assessing proteinuria. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the results of proteinuria assessed by the dipstick test and UPCR, and to investigate the influence of proteinuria grading with UPCR on lenvatinib dose adjustment compared to that with only the dipstick test. METHOD Three hundred and ten urine samples from 63 patients with advanced thyroid cancer under treatment with lenvatinib, which were tested by both the dipstick test and UPCR were analyzed. Lenvatinib was withheld when there was evidence of CTCAE grade 3 proteinuria, and restarted when it resolved. The frequency of proteinuria, correlation between the results of the dipstick test and UPCR test, and the effect of dose withholding in cases with results of 3 + in the dipstick test were calculated. RESULTS Proteinuria was seen in 56 (88.9%) patients. Of the 154 dipstick 3 + samples, only 56 (36.4%) were judged as more than 3.5 g/gCre by UPCR (grade 3 proteinuria), although none of the 1 + and only 3.7% of 2 + samples were judged as grade 3 proteinuria. We were able to prevent unnecessary lenvatinib interruption due to proteinuria in 63.6% of dipstick 3 + samples by assessment of UPCR. CONCLUSIONS Urinalysis by combination of the dipstick test and UPCR assessment might be a better strategy for preventing unnecessary interruption of lenvatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Masaki
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan.
| | - Kiminori Sugino
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Akaishi
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Y Hames
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Chisato Tomoda
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Akifumi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuzu
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Takashi Uruno
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohkuwa
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Wataru Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Mitsuji Nagahama
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
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Fang C, Wang L, Gong C, Wu W, Yao C, Zhu S. Long non-coding RNAs: How to regulate the metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3282-3291. [PMID: 32048814 PMCID: PMC7131947 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become the most lethal human cancer because of the high rate of metastasis. Hence, clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying NSCLC metastasis is very important to improve the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides, which can participate in diverse biological processes. About 18% of human LncRNAs were recently found to be associated with tumours. Many studies indicated that aberrant expression of LncRNAs played key roles in the progression and metastasis of NSCLC. According to the function in tumours, LncRNAs can be divided into two classes: oncogenic LncRNAs and tumour‐suppressor LncRNAs. In this review, we summarized the main molecular mechanism of LncRNAs regulating NSCLC metastasis, including three aspects: (a) LncRNAs interact with miRNAs as ceRNAs; (b) LncRNAs bind with target proteins; and (c) LncRNAs participate in the transduction of different signal pathways. Then, LncRNAs can exert their function to regulate the metastasis of NSCLC through influencing the progression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the properties of cancer stem cell (CSC). But, it is necessary to do some further research to demonstrate the LncRNAs particular regulatory mechanism of inhibiting the metastasis of NSCLC and explore new drugs targeting LncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Experiment Animal Center, Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Papachristos A, Kemos P, Katsila T, Panoilia E, Patrinos GP, Kalofonos H, Sivolapenko GB. VEGF-A and ICAM-1 Gene Polymorphisms as Predictors of Clinical Outcome to First-Line Bevacizumab-Based Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225791. [PMID: 31752122 PMCID: PMC6888109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab is used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, there are still no available predictors of clinical outcomes. We investigated selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes involved in VEGF-dependent and -independent angiogenesis pathways and other major intracellular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of mCRC as an attempt to find predictors of clinical outcome. Forty-six patients treated with first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy were included in this study with a 5 year follow up. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood for the analysis of VEGF-A (rs2010963, 1570360, rs699947), ICAM-1 (rs5498, rs1799969) SNPs and from tumor tissue for the detection of genomic variants in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes. PCR and next generation sequencing were used for the analysis. The endpoints of the study were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The VEGF-A rs699947 A/A allele was associated with increased PFS (p = 0.006) and OS (p = 0.043). The ICAM-1 rs1799969 G/A allele was associated with prolonged OS (p = 0.036). Finally, BRAF wild type was associated with increased OS (p = 0.027). We identified VEGF-A and ICAM-1 variants in angiogenesis and other major intracellular signaling pathways, such as BRAF, that can predict clinical outcome upon bevacizumab administration. These identified biomarkers could be used to select patients with mCRC who may achieve long-term responses and benefit from bevacizumab-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papachristos
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patra 26504, Greece; (A.P.); (E.P.)
- Division of Cancer, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London NW12BU, UK
| | - Polychronis Kemos
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E12AT, UK;
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patra 26504, Greece; (T.K.); (G.P.P.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Centre, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Eirini Panoilia
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patra 26504, Greece; (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patra 26504, Greece; (T.K.); (G.P.P.)
| | - Haralabos Kalofonos
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Patra 26504, Greece;
| | - Gregory B. Sivolapenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patra 26504, Greece; (A.P.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26-1096-2324
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8
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Liu S, Qin T, Jia Y, Li K. PD-L1 Expression Is Associated With VEGFA and LADC Patients' Survival. Front Oncol 2019; 9:189. [PMID: 30972298 PMCID: PMC6443993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To elucidate the relationship between VEGFA and PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Methods: PD-L1 and VEGFA expression were determined by immunohistochemistry with H-score on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded resected LADC specimens of 129 cases. Results: High PD-L1 expression in 53 (41.1%) patients, high VEGFA expression in 65 (50.4%), and co-expression in 18 (14.0%) were observed. Inverse correlation between expression of PD-L1 and VEGFA was found (P = 0.002, r = −0.274). VEGFA and PD-L1 expression were not significantly associated with the clinicopathological features. High PD-L1 expression was significantly association with all patients' poor progression-free survival and overall survival in a univariate analysis, but there was no significantly association with high VEGFA expression and prognosis. Co-expression of PD-L1 and VEGFA exhibited a worst overall survival compared to negative groups (P = 0.005). Conclusions: These findings indicate that high PD-L1 expression could impact both poor overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with resected LADC. Co-expression of PD-L1 and VEGFA may be considered as an important prognostic factor for patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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9
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Wang Y, Han D, Pan L, Sun J. The positive feedback between lncRNA TNK2-AS1 and STAT3 enhances angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:185-192. [PMID: 30454892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has shown the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during angiogenesis and lung cancer progression. However, the potential functions of TNK2-AS1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain elusive. By lncRNA profiling, we identified TNK2-AS1 as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in NSCLC. TNK2-AS1 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC and correlated with poor prognosis. We found that TNK2-AS1 could increase viability and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro. TNK2-AS1 also promoted NSCLC xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. TNK2-AS1 could interact with STAT3 to increase its protein stability by protecting it from proteasome-mediated degradation. STAT3 could also bind TNK2-AS1 promoter to trigger its transcription. The positive feedback loop between STAT3 and TNK2-AS1 therefore augmented STAT3 signaling by elevating VEGFA expression to facilitate angiogenesis. Collectively, our work has elucidated a novel mechanism of TNK2-AS1-mediated angiogenesis by enforcing STAT3/VEGFA signaling and may provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, PR China
| | - Liming Pan
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Health Examination Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China.
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10
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Su C, Shi K, Cheng X, Han Y, Li Y, Yu D, Liu Z. Methylation of CLEC14A is associated with its expression and lung adenocarcinoma progression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2954-2962. [PMID: 30191970 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our main objective is probing the effect of methylation of CLEC14A on its expression and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. Microarray analysis was utilized to screen out differentially downregulated genes with hypermethylation in LUAD tissues. The CLEC14A expression level was measured by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. Methylation-specific-PCR was performed to evaluate methylation status of CLEC14A. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromid (MTT) assay was used to check the relation between CLEC14A expression and cell proliferation. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion were respectively detected by the flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Tumor xenograft models were established for investigating the effect of CLEC14A on tumor formation. CLEC14A expression in LUAD tissues was impaired compared with that in adjacent tissues, and CLEC14A promoter was highly methylated in LUAD. Overexpressing CLEC14A or inhibiting the methylation level of CLEC14A in A549 and LTEP-a-2 cells impeded the duplication of LUAD cells, promoted apoptosis, attenuated cell migration, and invasion ability, and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Overexpression of CLEC14A inhibited tumorigenesis of LUAD cells in nude mice. The promoter of CLEC14A is methylated in LUAD, leading to downregulation of CLEC14A in LUAD. CLEC14A acts as an antitumor role in LUAD by suppressing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, promoting cell apoptosis, and reducing tumorigenicity in nude mice. Thus, the inhibition of CLEC14A methylation is a novel strategy for the clinic treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyu Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Kang Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Daping Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
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El Bairi K, Amrani M, Afqir S. Starvation tactics using natural compounds for advanced cancers: pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and predictive biomarkers. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2221-2246. [PMID: 29732738 PMCID: PMC6010871 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality associated with oncological diseases is mostly due to tumors in advanced stages, and their management is a major challenge in modern oncology. Angiogenesis is a defined hallmark of cancer and predisposes to metastatic invasion and dissemination and is therefore an important druggable target for cancer drug discovery. Recently, because of drug resistance and poor prognosis, new anticancer drugs from natural sources targeting tumor vessels have attracted more attention and have been used in several randomized and controlled clinical trials as therapeutic options. Here, we outline and discuss potential natural compounds as salvage treatment for advanced cancers from recent and ongoing clinical trials and real-world studies. We also discuss predictive biomarkers for patients' selection to optimize the use of these potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohamed Ist UniversityOujdaMorocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Equipe de Recherche en Virologie et Onco‐biologieFaculty of MedicinePathology DepartmentNational Institute of OncologyUniversité Mohamed VRabatMorocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical OncologyMohamed VI University HospitalOujdaMorocco
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12
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Manegold C, Adjei A, Bussolino F, Cappuzzo F, Crino L, Dziadziuszko R, Ettinger D, Fennell D, Kerr K, Le Chevalier T, Leighl N, Papotti M, Paz-Ares L, Pérol M, Peters S, Pirker R, Quoix E, Reck M, Smit E, Vokes E, van Zandwijk N, Zhou C. Novel active agents in patients with advanced NSCLC without driver mutations who have progressed after first-line chemotherapy. ESMO Open 2017; 1:e000118. [PMID: 29435365 PMCID: PMC5729303 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2016-000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of a number of first-line treatments, most patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience disease progression that warrants further treatment. In this review, we examine the role of novel active agents for patients who progress after first-line therapy and who are not candidates for targeted therapies. More therapeutic options are needed for the management of patients with NSCLC after failure of first-line chemotherapy. A PubMed search was performed for articles from January 2012 to May 2015 using the keywords NSCLC, antiangiogenic, immunotherapy, second-line, novel therapies and English language articles only. Relevant papers were reviewed; papers outside that period were considered on a case-by-case basis. A search of oncology congresses was performed to identify relevant abstracts over this period. In recent years, antiangiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been added to our armamentarium to treat patients with advanced NSCLC who have progressed on first-line chemotherapy. These include nintedanib, a triple angiokinase inhibitor; ramucirumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antibody; and nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, just three of a growing list of antibodies targeting the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand-1 pathway. Predictive and prognostic factors in NSCLC treatment will help to optimise treatment with these novel agents. The approval of new treatments for patients with NSCLC after the failure of first-line chemotherapy has increased options after a decade of few advances, and holds promise for future evolution of the management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Manegold
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alex Adjei
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin and Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Livorno, Italy
| | - Lucio Crino
- Medical Oncology Department, Perugia University Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - David Ettinger
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean Fennell
- Department of Oncology, University of Leicester & Leicester University Hospitals, Leicester, UK
| | - Keith Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen University Medical School, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Natasha Leighl
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit (CCRU), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maurice Pérol
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Quoix
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Egbert Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Everett Vokes
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
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13
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Meng M, Liao H, Zhang B, Pan Y, Kong Y, Liu W, Yang P, Huo Z, Cao Z, Zhou Q. Cigarette smoke extracts induce overexpression of the proto-oncogenic gene interleukin-13 receptor α2 through activation of the PKA-CREB signaling pathway to trigger malignant transformation of lung vascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis. Cell Signal 2016; 31:15-25. [PMID: 27986643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung cancer. Tumor-associated endothelial cells (TAECs) play important roles in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. However, whether cigarette smoking can trigger genesis of lung TAECs has not been reported yet. In the current study, we used lung endothelial cell (EC) lines as a model to study the pathological effect of cigarette smoke extracts (CSEs) on human lung ECs, and found that a lower dose of 4% CSEs obviously caused abnormal morphological changes in ECs, increased the permeability of endothelial monolayer, while a higher concentration of 8% CSEs caused EC apoptosis. Strikingly, CSEs induced a 117-fold overexpression of a pro-tumorigenic interleukin-13 receptor α2 gene (IL-13Rα2, also named as CT-19) through activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. A PKA specific inhibitor H89 completely abolished CSEs-induced IL-13Rα2 overexpression. The overexpression of IL-13Rα2 in lung ECs significantly increased the tumorigenic, migratory, and angiogenic capabilities of the cells, suggesting that IL-13Rα2 promotes genesis of lung TAECs. Together, our data show that CSEs activate the PKA, CREB, and IL-13Rα2 axis in lung ECs, and IL-13Rα2 promotes the malignant transformation of lung ECs and genesis of TAECs with robust angiogenic and oncogenic capabilities. Our study provides new insight into the mechanism of CSEs-triggered lung cancer angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, suggesting that the PKA-CREB-IL-13Rα2 axis is a potential target for novel anti-lung tumor angiogenesis and anti-lung cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huaidong Liao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yanyan Pan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zihe Huo
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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14
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Xia Q, Xu J, Chen H, Gao Y, Gong F, Hu L, Yang L. Association between an elevated level of HMGB1 and non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3917-23. [PMID: 27418836 PMCID: PMC4935082 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HMGB1 has been overexpressed in the tissues or serum of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in several studies. However, the results remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between elevated level of HMGB1 and NSCLC. METHODS Associated studies were included, and the pooled risk difference and mean difference (MD) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS A total of ten relevant studies on HMGB1 expression were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that the expression of HMGB1 in NSCLC tissues was notably higher than those in corresponding nontumor normal tissues by using immu-nohistochemistry (risk difference =0.38, 95% CI: 0.28-0.48, Z=7.67, P<0.00001, I (2)=0%), Western blot (MD =0.27, 95% CI: 0.06-0.47, Z=2.57, P<0.01), or real-time polymerase chain reaction (MD =15.15, 95% CI: 14.8-15.5, Z=2.08, P=0.04). Serum HMGB1 levels were similarly significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than those in healthy controls. The pooled MDs of HMGB1 in patients with NSCLC compared with healthy controls were 17.54 with 95% CI: 10.99-24.09, Z=5.25, P<0.00001. Two of the included studies were fully reviewed without performing meta-analysis due to the different detection methods used. The protein level of HMGB1 in patients with NSCLC of tumor, nodes, and metastasis (TNM) stages III-IV was higher than that of TNM stages I-II (P<0.047 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The expression levels of HMGB1 in both tissues and serum of patients with NSCLC were statistically higher than those of normal lung samples, which indicated that elevated levels of HMGB1 can reveal changes that correlated with disease progression, or even the risk of NSCLC disease progression. The elevated level of HMGB1 could also be considered as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansong Xia
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Juan Xu
- The People's Hospital of Guandu District, Kunming
| | - Huoying Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhang Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Li Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
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15
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Functional FLT1 Genetic Variation is a Prognostic Factor for Recurrence in Stage I-III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:1067-75. [PMID: 26134224 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We propose that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway of angiogenesis will associate with survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Fifty-three SNPs in vascular endothelial growth factor-pathway genes were genotyped in 150 European stage I-III NSCLC patients and tested for associations with patient survival. Replication was performed in an independent cohort of 142 European stage I-III patients. Reporter gene assays were used to assess the effects of SNPs on transcriptional activity. RESULTS In the initial cohort, five SNPs associated (q < 0.05) with relapse-free survival (RFS). The minor alleles of intronic FLT1 SNPs, rs7996030 and rs9582036, associated with reduced RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.67 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.22-2.29] and HR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.14-2.01], respectively) and reduced transcriptional activity. The minor alleles of intronic KRAS SNPs, rs12813551 and rs10505980, associated with increased RFS (HR = 0.64 [0.46-0.87] and HR = 0.64 [0.47-0.87], respectively), and the minor allelic variant of rs12813551 also reduced transcriptional activity. Lastly, the minor allele of the intronic KRAS SNP rs10842513 associated with reduced RFS (HR = 1.65 [95% CI, 1.16-2.37]). Analysis of the functional variants suggests they are located in transcriptional enhancer elements. The negative effect of rs9582036 on RFS was confirmed in the replication cohort (HR = 1.69 [0.99-2.89], p = 0.028), and the association was significant in pooled analysis of both cohorts (HR = 1.67 [1.21-2.30], p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The functional FLT1 variant rs9582036 is a prognostic determinant of recurrence in stage I-III NSCLC. Its predictive value should be tested in the adjuvant setting of stage I-III NSCLC.
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16
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Cai C, Shi R, Gao Y, Zeng J, Wei M, Wang H, Zheng W, Ma W. Reduced expression of sushi domain containing 2 is associated with progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3619-3624. [PMID: 26788179 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) has been identified as a gene encoding an 822-amino acid protein, which contains a transmembrane domain and functional domains inherent to adhesion molecules. Previous studies have reported that increased expression of SUSD2 has a critical role in tumorigenesis in human breast cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, SUSD2 expression status and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not previously been investigated. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to evaluate SUSD2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in NSCLC and adjacent normal lung tissues. The clinicopathological significance of SUSD2 was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis of an NSCLC tissue microarray. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cut-off score for positive expression of SUSD2. Furthermore, the correlation between SUSD2 expression and the clinicopathological features of NSCLC was analyzed by χ2 test. The results revealed that SUSD2 mRNA (P<0.0001) and protein (P<0.0001) expression levels were significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues compared with those of adjacent normal tissues. When the SUSD2 positive expression percentage was determined to be >47.5% (area under ROC curve, 0.799; P<0.000), positive expression of SUSD2 was observed in 100% (32/32) of normal lung tissues and 55% (88/160) of NSCLC tissues by immunohistochemistry (χ2=21.160; P<0.000). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the reduced SUSD2 protein levels in cancer tissues were positively correlated with poor histological grade (χ2=41.764; P<0.000), advanced clinical stage (χ2=10.790; P=0.013), higher pT (χ2=9.070; P=0.028) and positive regional lymph node metastasis (χ2=15.399; P=0.002). In conclusion, these data suggest that the reduced expression of SUSD2 is associated with the progression of NSCLC and may have a role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Cai
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Handuo Wang
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Zheng
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Ma
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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17
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Pilotto S, Novello S, Peretti U, Kinspergher S, Ciuffreda L, Milella M, Carbognin L, Vavalà T, Ferrara R, Caccese M, Tortora G, Bria E. An overview of angiogenesis inhibitors in Phase II studies for non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1143-61. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1056341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Theocharis S, Gribilas G, Giaginis C, Patsouris E, Klijanienko J. Angiogenesis in salivary gland tumors: from clinical significance to treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:807-19. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1016424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Wang JL, Wu DW, Cheng ZZ, Han WZ, Xu SW, Sun NN. Expression of high mobility group box - B1 (HMGB-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4865-9. [PMID: 24998555 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the expression level of high mobility group box-B1 (HMGB-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) inmorder to reveal any relation with development and prognosis. METHODS NSCLC and normal tissues were selected from 30 patients at age of 30- 73, and used for RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of HMGB-1. A total of 100 paraffin embedded NSCLC tissues were also isolated from patients through surgical resection, and used for detection of HMGB-1 by immunohistochemistry. In addition, 50 samples were also applied for MMP-9 detection, and 30 normal tissues were considered as controls. Correlation analysis of HMGB-1 and MMP-9 was carried out by Pearsons correlation coefficient. RESULTS The average expression level of HMGB-1 in NSCLC patients was significantly higher than in normal lung tissues. In addition, patients in III-IV period exhibit significantly higher positive rate of HMGB- 1 when compared with I-II period cases. Furthermore, a positive correlation with HMGB-1 was found in the expression of MPP-9. CONCLUSION HMGB-1 was highly expressed in NSCLC, which may become a prognostic and predictive marker for NSCLC. Besides, MPP-9 was positively correlated with HMGB-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Luan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China E-mail :
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20
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Circulating angiogenesis biomarkers are associated with disease progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:1968-75; discussion 1975. [PMID: 25301368 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of angiogenesis is known to be associated with tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in multiple carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating angiogenesis biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma progression. For that, we hypothesize that circulating levels of biomarkers characteristic for discrete processes within angiogenesis are associated with specific phases of disease progression. Appreciation of these profiles may have important implications for disease detection and prognostication. METHODS Patients with lung adenocarcinoma enrolled in the study were grouped as follows: node negative (T1a-3N0M0; n = 69), node positive (T1a-4N1-2M0; n = 60), and disseminated disease (TxNxM1; n = 68). All serum specimens were assayed for 17 angiogenesis biomarkers on the Luminex platform and statistically evaluated by analysis of variance for median differences in biomarker concentration at distinct phases of disease progression and by log rank methods for associations with clinical outcome. RESULTS We found circulating hepatocyte growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C levels significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in patients with node positive versus node negative disease. Similarly, median serum concentrations of bone morphogenic protein-9, endoglin, fibroblast growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor-2, interleukin-8, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, and vascular endothelial growth factor-D were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in patients with disseminated disease than in patients with node positive disease. Five biomarkers total were strongly prognostic (p < 0.05) for overall survival in the node negative cohort. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is a process central to lung adenocarcinoma progression. We describe the modulation in serum angiogenesis biomarker concentrations through the various phases of non-small cell lung cancer progression. Additional refinement efforts are under way to enhance test performance, followed by additional validation studies.
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21
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Hillman GG, Lonardo F, Hoogstra DJ, Rakowski J, Yunker CK, Joiner MC, Dyson G, Gadgeel S, Singh-Gupta V. Axitinib Improves Radiotherapy in Murine Xenograft Lung Tumors. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:S1936-5233(14)00037-0. [PMID: 24862536 PMCID: PMC4145357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A third of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with un-resectable stage III locally advanced disease and are currently treated by chemo-radiotherapy but the median survival is only about 21months. Using an orthotopic xenograft model of lung carcinoma, we have investigated the combination of radiotherapy with the anti-angiogenic drug axitinib (AG-013736, Pfizer), which is a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively targets the signal transduction induced by VEGF binding to VEGFR receptors. We have tested the combination of axitinib with radiotherapy in nude mice bearing human NSCLC A549 lung tumors. The therapy effect was quantitatively evaluated in lung tumor nodules. The modulation of radiation-induced pneumonitis, vascular damage and fibrosis by axitinib was assessed in lung tissue. Lung irradiation combined with long-term axitinib treatment was safe resulting in minimal weight loss and no vascular injury in heart, liver and kidney tissues. A significant decrease in the size of lung tumor nodules was observed with either axitinib or radiation, associated with a decrease in Ki-67 staining and a heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells in tumor nodules. The lungs of mice treated with radiation and axitinib showed a complete response with no detectable residual tumor nodules. A decrease in pneumonitis, vascular damage and fibrosis were observed in lung tissues from mice treated with radiation and axitinib. Our studies suggest that axitinib is a potent and safe drug to use in conjunction with radiotherapy for lung cancer that could also act as a radioprotector for lung tissue by reducing pneumonitis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda G Hillman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Fulvio Lonardo
- Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - David J Hoogstra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Joseph Rakowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christopher K Yunker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael C Joiner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Biostatistics Core, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Shirish Gadgeel
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Vinita Singh-Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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22
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Vasohibin-1 expression detected by immunohistochemistry correlates with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:963. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Fu ZZ, Sun XD, Li P, Zhang Z, Li GZ, Gu T, Shao SS. Relationship between serum VEGF level and radiosensitivity of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer among asians: a meta-analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:426-37. [PMID: 24628278 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the relationships between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and radiosensitivity in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among Asians. We searched CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases from their inception through October 1, 2013. Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software. Fourteen clinical studies were included in this meta-analysis, including five case-control studies and nine cohort studies. Our meta-analysis results revealed that levels of serum VEGF in NSCLC patients were higher than that of healthy controls. There was a significant difference in serum VEGF levels between before and after radiotherapy in NSCLC patients. Further, we found significant differences in serum VEGF levels between effective and noneffective clinical response groups pre- and postradiotherapy. Serum VEGF levels showed no significant associations with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and histologic grade in NSCLC patients. NSCLC patients with positive VEGF expression had shorter overall survival than those with negative VEGF expression. Our meta-analysis suggests that serum VEGF level may be a useful biomarker in predicting radiosensitivity and prognosis of NSCLC patients among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Zhao Fu
- 1 Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao , Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
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Paulsson J, Micke P. Prognostic relevance of cancer-associated fibroblasts in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 25:61-8. [PMID: 24560651 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prognostication is an integral part of cancer diagnostic and helps oncologists to guide treatment decisions and therapy intensity. Accumulating evidence suggest that the stroma compartment also contains independent prognostic information, best exemplified by the impact of immune cells and cells of the vasculature on cancer progression. Similarly, strong experimental evidence exist that stromal fibroblasts, often designated cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), are actively involved in tumorigenesis. Thus, it can be anticipated that the molecular repertoire of CAFs is likewise important for the clinical behavior of the tumor. In this review we present recent studies addressing the prognostic impact of CAFs, with the focus on human lung and breast cancer. Several single markers have been suggested, either CAF specific or CAF derived, that in immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated independent association with survival. This includes members of the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family, CAF-markers like podoplanin and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as well as transcription factors (FoxF1) and secreted factors (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), SPARC). However, most studies are based on explorative evaluations on single patient cohorts and require further validation. Using a more comprehensive approach, microarray studies have been employed to create gene expression signatures that detect an activated fibroblast state. These "stroma signatures" have been applied to identify specific CAF features associated with prognosis in several independent data sets of breast and lung cancer patients. Early studies in breast cancer have also demonstrated that fibroblast features influence therapy response. Thus, many strategies have been used to present encouraging proof-of-concept findings that CAFs could be exploited for prognostication. However, these studies also highlight the difficulties to conclusively define an "activated stroma" and to identify the individual factors involved in clinically relevant tumor-stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Paulsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sanmartín E, Sirera R, Usó M, Blasco A, Gallach S, Figueroa S, Martínez N, Hernando C, Honguero A, Martorell M, Guijarro R, Rosell R, Jantus-Lewintre E, Camps C. A gene signature combining the tissue expression of three angiogenic factors is a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:612-20. [PMID: 24145997 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are key mechanisms for tumor growth and dissemination. They are mainly regulated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands and receptors. The aim of this study was to analyze relative expression levels of angiogenic markers in resectable non-small cell lung cancer patients in order to asses a prognostic signature that could improve characterization of patients with worse clinical outcomes. METHODS RNA was obtained from tumor and normal lung specimens from 175 patients. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the relative expression of HIF1A, PlGF, VEGFA, VEGFA165b, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, NRP1 and NRP2. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that tumor size and ECOG-PS are prognostic factors for time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). This analysis in the case of angiogenic factors also revealed that PlGF, VEGFA, VEGFB and VEGFD distinguish patients with different outcomes. Taking into account the complex interplay between the different ligands of the VEGF family and to more precisely predict the outcome of the patients, we considered a new analysis combining several VEGF ligands. In order to find independent prognostic variables, we performed a multivariate Cox analysis, which showed that the subgroup of patients with higher relative expression of VEGFA plus lower VEGFB and VEGFD presented the poorest outcome for both TTP and OS. CONCLUSIONS The relative expression of these three genes can be considered as an angiogenic gene signature whose applicability for the selection of candidates for targeted therapies needs to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sanmartín
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Girard N. Antiangiogenic agents and chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a clinical perspective. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:1193-206. [PMID: 24134421 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.845093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic agents represent a major advance in the management of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. While bevacizumab has been available for first-line treatment, other drugs, such as nintedanib, recently demontrated significant activity in the second-line setting. This review covers most recent results with antiangiogenic treatments, focusing on data relevant for routine clinical practice; recent results potentially leading to new agents approval are discussed. While biomarkers are still awaited to better-select patients for these approaches, the development of antiangiogenic agents represent a model for implementation in thoracic oncology, while highlighting the promise of a better outcome for patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Girard
- Department of Respiratory medicine, Thoracic Oncology, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France +33 47 235 7652 +33 47 235 7653
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The VEGF pathway in lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:1169-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Guo C, Lu H, Gao W, Wang L, Lu K, Wu S, Pataer A, Huang M, El-Zein R, Lin T, Roth JA, Mehran R, Hofstetter W, Swisher SG, Wu X, Fang B. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 level is increased in blood of lung cancer patients and associated with poor survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74973. [PMID: 24069370 PMCID: PMC3775736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently showed that IGFBP2 is overexpressed in primary lung cancer tissues. This study aims to determine whether IGFBP2 is elevated in blood samples of lung cancer patients and whether its level is associated with clinical outcomes. Methodology/Principal Findings Plasma IGFBP2 levels were determined blindly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 80 lung cancer patients and 80 case-matched healthy controls for comparison. We analyzed blood samples for IGFBP2 levels from an additional 84 patients with lung cancer and then tested for associations between blood IGFBP2 levels and clinical parameters in all 164 lung cancer patients. All statistical tests were two-sided and differences with p<0.05 were considered significant. The mean plasma concentration of IGFBP2 in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (388.12±261.00 ng/ml vs 219.30±172.84 ng/ml, p<0.001). IGFBP2 was increased in all types of lung cancer, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell cancer, and small-cell cancer, regardless of patients’ age, sex, or smoking status. IGFBP2 levels were mildly but significantly associated with tumor size and were significantly higher in stage IV than stage I or III disease. A multivariate analysis showed that lung cancer patients whose blood IGFBP2 was higher than 160.9 ng/ml had a poor survival outcome, with a hazard ratio of 8.76 (95% CI 1.12-68.34, p=0.038 after adjustment for tumor size, pathology, and stage). The median survival time for patients with blood IGFBP2 >160.9 ng/ml is 15.1 months; whereas median survival time was 128.2 months for the patients whose blood IGFBP2 was ≤160.9 ng/ml (p =0.0002). Conclusions/Significance Blood IGFBP2 is significantly increased in lung cancer patients. A high circulating level of IGFBP2 is significantly associated with poor survival, suggesting that blood IGFBP2 levels could be a prognostic biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The 8 Department of Internal Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kaihua Lu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Apar Pataer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maosheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Randa El-Zein
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tongyu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jack A. Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Reza Mehran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wayne Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stephen G. Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tamiya M, Tamiya A, Yamadori T, Nakao K, Asami K, Yasue T, Otsuka T, Shiroyama T, Morishita N, Suzuki H, Okamoto N, Okishio K, Kawaguchi T, Atagi S, Kawase I, Hirashima T. Phase2 study of bevacizumab with carboplatin-paclitaxel for non-small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. Med Oncol 2013; 30:676. [PMID: 23925664 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with malignant pleural effusion (MPE), but little is known regarding the efficacy of bevacizumab (Bev) with carboplatin-paclitaxel (CP) for NSCLC with MPE. Chemotherapy-naive non-SQ NSCLC patients with MPE were eligible to participate. Pleurodesis before chemotherapy was not allowed. In the first cycle, the treated patients received only CP to prevent Bev-induced wound healing delayed after chest drainage. Subsequently, they received 2-6 cycles of CP with Bev. Patients who completed more than 4 cycles of CP and Bev without disease progression or severe toxicities continued to receive Bev alone as a maintenance therapy. The primary end point was overall response, although an increase in MPE was allowed in the first cycle. The VEGF levels in plasma and MPE were measured at baseline, and the VEGF levels in plasma were measured after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Between September 2010 and June 2012, 23 patients were enrolled. The overall response rate was 60.8 %; the disease control rate was 87.0 %. Sixteen patients received maintenance therapy, following a median of 3 cycles. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 7.1 months (95 % confidence interval [CI], 5.6-9.4 months) and 11.7 months (95 % CI, 7.4-16.8 months), respectively. Most patients experienced severe hematological toxicities, including ≥grade 3 neutropenia; none experienced severe bleeding events. The MPE control rate improved on combining CP with Bev (CP, 78.3 %; CP with Bev, 91.3 %; P = 0.08). The median baseline VEGF level in MPE was 1798.6 (range 223.4-35,633.4) pg/mL. Plasma VEGF levels significantly decreased after 3 chemotherapy cycles (baseline, 513.6 ± 326.4 pg/mL, post-chemotherapy, 25.1 ± 14.1 pg/mL, P < 0.01). CP plus Bev was effective and tolerable in chemotherapy-naïve non-squamous NSCLC patients with MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Malignancy, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino 3-7-1, Habikino City, Osaka 583-8588, Japan.
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Dimtsas GS, Georgiadi EC, Karakitsos P, Vassilakopoulos TP, Thymara I, Korkolopoulou P, Patsouris E, Kittas C, Doussis-Anagnostopoulou IA. Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical expression of the angiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:558-64. [PMID: 23772669 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.813629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis leads to new blood vessel formation and is implicated in both physiological and pathological situations. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family is the major mediator of this process. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), since the role of angiogenesis in this tumor still remains unclear. The immunohistochemical expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was examined in 194 patients with cHL. The neoplastic Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells expressed VEGF-A, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in 90.3%, 97.2% and 94.1% of cases, respectively. Only the expression of VEGFR-2 was positively correlated with serum albumin levels ≥ 4 g/dL. No correlation with patient outcome was observed. All three molecules were statistically correlated with ramifications of blood vessels. Summarizing, our results are not sufficient to consider VEGF-A and/or VEGF receptors as prognosticators in cHL.
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Bellou S, Pentheroudakis G, Murphy C, Fotsis T. Anti-angiogenesis in cancer therapy: Hercules and hydra. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:219-28. [PMID: 23707856 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumours initiate angiogenesis to support their growth by producing growth factors such as VEGF. Depriving the tumour of the excessive vessels that support its growth became the target for developing anti-angiogenic agents that could provide, in combination with chemotherapy, improved anti-cancer treatment. Naturally most agents targeted VEGF and its signalling cascades. Almost 10 years have lapsed since the first anti-angiogenic drug approved by the FDA in 2004 (a humanized antibody inhibiting VEGF-A) and several other agents followed afterwards. There is sufficient accumulated experience to conclude that the clinical results of anti-angiogenic therapy are very modest resulting in moderate improvement in overall survival. Moreover, the clinical outcome is associated with the development of resistance to the anti-angiogenic agent and the increased risk of invasion and metastasis. The initial expectations are, as yet, unfilled, and the entire concept and strategy of the anti-angiogenic intervention in cancer requires re-evaluation. In the present Mini Review we discuss these issues emphasising the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bellou
- Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Pircher A, Fiegl M, Untergasser G, Heidegger I, Medinger M, Kern J, Hilbe W. Favorable prognosis of operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring an increased expression of tumor endothelial markers (TEMs). Lung Cancer 2013; 81:252-8. [PMID: 23664449 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome analyses of endothelial cells identified genes specifically expressed by tumor endothelial cells, called tumor endothelial markers (TEMs). Currently there are no data available concerning the role of TEMs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of TEMs in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. First we evaluated the expression of various TEMs (Robo4, Clec14 and ECSCR) by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses in three NSCLC cell lines (A549, Calu1, Colo699) and compared them to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs). Next the expression of TEMs was measured in resected tumor tissue of NSCLC patients (n = 63) by qRT-PCR and compared to adjacent non-cancerous lung tissue (n = 52). Further, immunohistochemical analysis of Robo4 expression in tumor tissue (n = 33) and adjacent non-cancerous tissue (n = 27) was performed. We found that NSCLC cell lines and HBEpC did not express TEMs on the mRNA level compared to HUVECs (p = 0.001). In the contrary, a significant up-regulation of Robo4 and Clec14 was found in tumor samples (Robo4 p = 0.03, Clec14 p = 0.002). Both facts clearly indicate that these proteins are allocated to the tumor stromal department. Correlation with clinical data showed that increased TEM expression correlated with prolonged overall survival of operated NSCLC patients (Robo4 high 120.5 vs. Robo4 low 47.6 months, Clec14 high 108.1 vs. Clec14 low 54.5 months and ECSCR high 120.5 vs. ECSCR low 42.2 months). In summary, we found that TEMs are overexpressed in NSCLC stromal tissue and that an increased TEM expression correlated with an increased overall survival in early stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Assessment of tumor vascularity in lung cancer using volume perfusion CT (VPCT) with histopathologic comparison: a further step toward an individualized tumor characterization. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2013; 37:15-21. [PMID: 23321828 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e318277c84f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure perfusion in different lung cancer subtypes and compare results with histopathological/immunohistochemical results. METHODS Seventy-two consecutive untreated patients with lung cancer (40 adenocarcinomas, 20 squamous cell, and 12 small cell lung cancers) were enrolled. A 40-second volume perfusion computed tomography of the tumor bulk was obtained. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and transit constant were determined. Tumor volume and tumor necrosis were determined on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Pathologic specimens were assessed for microvessel density (MVD), hypoxia-induced transcription (hif-1/-2), and proliferation (Ki-67). RESULTS Higher MVD is associated with higher BF and BV. Higher tumor grade leads to lower BF but increased necrosis and tumor volume. Markers of hypoxia were independent from perfusion parameters, extent of necrosis or MVD. Blood flow, BV, and MVD were not significantly different among lung cancer subtypes. Transit constant was significantly reduced in small cell lung cancer versus adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Perfusion values are related to MVD and tumor grade but vary considerably among lung cancer subtypes.
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Key molecular mechanisms in lung cancer invasion and metastasis: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 87:1-11. [PMID: 23332547 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most common and malignant cancers worldwide. It is most often diagnosed at late stages, when it has already presented local invasion and distal metastases. The basic stages of invasion and metastasis involve the detachment of tumor cells from the extracellular matrix, invasion of surrounding tissues and basal lamina, intravasation into the blood stream, survival and transport through the blood stream, migration, arrest and extravasation at a distal site and formation of a metastatic lesion. These steps require fundamental mechanisms such as angiogenesis, degradation of matrix barriers, disruption of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and inducement of cellular motility. Genes that regulate functions like unlimited growth potential, survival, genomic instability, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and apoptosis evasion, are involved in giving lung cancer tumors invasive and metastatic competence. Improving of understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remains an urgent and essential issue, in order to develop new more effective strategies in preventing and treating lung cancer.
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Vokes E, Salgia R, Karrison T. Evidence-based role of bevacizumab in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:6-9. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Siejka A, Barabutis N, Schally AV. GHRH antagonist inhibits focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and decreases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human lung cancer cells in vitro. Peptides 2012; 37:63-8. [PMID: 22819774 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancers which show increased vascularization and high microvessel density are considered highly metastatic and with poor prognosis. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists are anticancer agents without adverse events in lung cancer tumor models. In the present study we investigated the in vitro effect of GHRH antagonist, MZ-5-156, on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity, on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 metalloproteinases, as well as on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in A549 non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer cells and H727 bronchial carcinoid cells. We demonstrate for the first time that GHRH antagonist, MZ-5-156, inhibits FAK signaling in lung cancer cells and decreases the expression of additional factors involved in angiogenesis and invasion. In contrast, GHRH itself counteracted these effects. Our study contributes to the further understanding of the processes which govern the mechanism of action of GHRH and its antagonists in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siejka
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center Education, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional chemotherapy has reached a plateau of effectiveness for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with EGFR mutation or ALK translocations will benefit significantly from agents targeting these pathways, however, only 20% of western NSCLC patients have these mutations. Anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab was approved for advanced NSCLC, but the clinical benefits are modest and all patients eventually develop resistance. Multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) may offer more efficient inhibition of angiogenesis by blocking overlapping pathways and they may also have direct anti-tumor effects. Sorafenib is approved in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma and is now under investigation in the treatment of NSCLC. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent studies evaluating sorafenib in the treatment of NSCLC. EXPERT OPINION Sorafenib has shown anti-tumor activity in NSCLC. However, because NSCLC is complex and molecularly heterogeneous, it is very likely that only a subset of NSCLC patients will benefit from sorafenib, and so it is imperative to discover biomarkers to select patients who will probably benefit from sorafenib. Combination with other agents targeting parallel and compensatory pathways, such as EGFR inhibitors, may offer broader coverage and better disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Hematology and Oncology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Li D, Chiu H, Gupta V, Chan DW. Validation of a multiplex immunoassay for serum angiogenic factors as biomarkers for aggressive prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1506-11. [PMID: 22722017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assays used for discovery of biomarkers should be robust and high-throughput, capable of analyzing a sufficiently large number of samples over a sufficiently long period of time with good precision. METHODS We evaluated the analytical performance of the Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cancer Biomarker Panel 1, a 16-plex multiplex immunoassay, in serum for composite profiling of angiogenic factors. Because prostate cancer progression and metastasis are pathological events closely linked to angiogenesis, serum angiogenic factors are ideal candidates as prognostic biomarkers. RESULTS Our 5-day evaluation indicated that all 16 assays in the panel had good reproducibility (total precisions over 5 independent plates in 5 days of <20%), adequate sensitivity (LOQs of majority of the assays less than 100 pg/ml), and wide dynamic ranges (linearity of majority of the assays spanning across 3 logs in concentrations). CONCLUSIONS Applying the panel to sera from prostate cancer patients with Gleason scores of 6, 7, 8-10, tumor stages that correlated with clinical outcome, we identified that the levels of sTIE-2, a soluble form of the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for angiopoietins, were increased in patients with Gleason score of 8-10. Future studies are necessary to determine whether sTIE-2 could be used as a prognostic biomarker for identifying aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Abstract
Identification of driver mutations in growth related protein kinases, especially tyrosine kinases, has led to clinical development of an array of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in various malignancies, including lung cancer. Improved understanding of tyrosine kinase biology has led to faster drug development, identification of resistance mechanisms, and ways to overcome resistance. This review discusses the clinical data supporting the use and practical aspects of management of patients on epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Thomas
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institution, Room 12N226, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wang C, Fei G, Liu Z, Li Q, Xu Z, Ren T. HMGB1 was a pivotal synergistic effecor for CpG oligonucleotide to enhance the progression of human lung cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:727-36. [PMID: 22617774 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been implicated in a variety of biologically important processes, including transcription, DNA repair, differentiation, development, and extracellular signaling. However, the potential role of HMGB1 in tumor biology still remains intractable. Our previous study showed that TLR9 response to CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) in 95D human lung cancer cells could enhance their growth and invasive potential in vitro and in vivo. Here we found that CpG ODN stimulation to 95D cells induced the secretion of HMGB1 in a dose dependent manner. We further showed that blockade of extracellular HMGB1 using A box peptide and ethyl pyruvate significantly abrogated the CpG ODN enhanced progression of 95D cells. Interestingly, we found that HMGB1 alone or acted synergistic with CpG ODN could enhance the progression of 95D cells. Notably, we revealed that RAGE and TLR4 were critical for HMGB1 to exert the synergistic function. We observed a MyD88-dependent upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 in 95D cells in response to HMGB1. These findings might further our understanding of TLR9 signaling in tumor biology and be helpful for developing HMGB1-based strategy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Wang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Qingdao Chest Hospital, Shandong, China
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Pan S, Wang F, Huang P, Xu T, Zhang L, Xu J, Li Q, Xia W, Sun R, Huang L, Peng Y, Qin X, Shu Y, Hu Z, Shen H. The study on newly developed McAb NJ001 specific to non-small cell lung cancer and its biological characteristics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33009. [PMID: 22479355 PMCID: PMC3316548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (McAb) is the key tool for cancer immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. McAb-based immunotherapy that targets tumor antigens has had great achivement. In this study, a cell clone which kept secreting high-titer IgG1-type McAb named NJ001 against human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was obtained. The titer of purified NJ001 was 2×106. The antigen named SP70 of NSCLC specifically identified by NJ001 was proved to be a protein with the relative molecular mass (Mr) of 70 kDa. The results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that NJ001 could positively react to NSCLC, but weak positively or negatively react to human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), pulmonary pseudotumor and other epithelial tumors. In soft agar assay, the colony formation efficiency in NJ001 groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner. For the concentration of 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml and 400 µg/ml, the inhibition ratio of colony formation was 23.4%, 62.5% and 100% respectively. Meanwhile, NJ001 caused significant reduction in tumor volume and tumor weight compared to control mice in lung cancer xenograft model. The tumor growth inhibition ratio in 200 µg, 400 µg and 800 µg NJ001 groups was 10.44%, 37.29% and 44.04%, respectively. NJ001 also led to cytomorphological changes and induced the apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A1 significantly. The newly developed NJ001 selectively reacted to NSCLC and exhibited anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. NJ001 is of great value concerning immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy for NSCLC and holds promise for further research regarding the mechanism underlying tumor progression of NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Weight
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Development of a multiplexed PCR-coupled liquid bead array assay for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) splice variants. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:475-82. [PMID: 22330939 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a multiplex PCR-coupled liquid bead array assay for the expression of VEGF splice variants. DESIGN AND METHODS The assay was based on the combination of multiplex PCR with liquid bead array technology, and optimized and evaluated in terms of analytical sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility using the MCF-7 cell line. Clinical performance was evaluated in 16 pairs of fresh frozen cancerous and corresponding noncancerous adjacent tissues from NSCLC patients. RESULTS The assay is highly sensitive, reproducible and can detect specifically VEGF splice variants in clinical samples. When applied in 32 clinical samples it gave comparable results to RT-qPCR (concordance of 81%, 75%, 88% and 81% for PBGD, VEGF(121), VEGF(165), and VEGF(189) respectively). CONCLUSIONS The developed assay can simultaneously detect three VEGF splice variants with high specificity and sensitivity and can be further used to evaluate the role of each individual VEGF splice variant in molecular therapies targeted against VEGF.
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Nowsheen S, Aziz K, Panayiotidis MI, Georgakilas AG. Molecular markers for cancer prognosis and treatment: have we struck gold? Cancer Lett 2011; 327:142-52. [PMID: 22120674 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an emerging role for molecular or biochemical markers indicating a specific cellular mechanism or tissue function, often called 'biomarkers'. Biomarkers such as altered DNA, proteins and inflammatory cytokines are critical in cancer research and strategizing treatment in the clinic. In this review we look at the application of biological indicators to cancer research and highlight their roles in cancer detection and treatment. With technological advances in gene expression, genomic and proteomic analysis, biomarker discovery is expanding fast. We focus on some of the predominantly used markers in different types of malignancies, their advantages, and their limitations. Finally we conclude by looking at the future of biomarkers, their utility in the tumorigenic studies, and the progress towards personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, 35294, USA
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