1
|
O'Neill AF, Ribeiro RC, Pinto EM, Clay MR, Zambetti GP, Orr BA, Weldon CB, Rodriguez-Galindo C. Pediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma: The Nuts and Bolts of Diagnosis and Treatment and Avenues for Future Discovery. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:1141-1153. [PMID: 39263332 PMCID: PMC11389717 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s348725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are infrequent neoplasms in children and adolescents and are typically associated with clinical symptoms reflective of androgen overproduction. Pediatric ACTs typically occur in the context of a germline TP53 mutation, can be cured when diagnosed at an early stage, but are difficult to treat when advanced or associated with concurrent TP53 and ATRX alterations. Recent work has demonstrated DNA methylation patterns suggestive of prognostic significance. While current treatment standards rely heavily upon surgical resection, chemotherapy, and hormonal modulation, small cohort studies suggest promise for multi-tyrosine kinases targeting anti-angiogenic pathways or immunomodulatory therapies. Future work will focus on novel risk stratification algorithms and combination therapies intended to mitigate toxicity for patients with perceived low-risk disease while intensifying therapy or accelerating discoveries aimed at improving survival for patients with difficult-to-treat disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison F O'Neill
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emilia M Pinto
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Clay
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh C, Hu J, Kebebew E. Advances in translational research of the rare cancer type adrenocortical carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:805-824. [PMID: 37857840 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with an annual worldwide incidence of 1-2 cases per 1 million and a 5-year survival rate of <60%. Although adrenocortical carcinoma is rare, such rare cancers account for approximately one third of patients diagnosed with cancer annually. In the past decade, there have been considerable advances in understanding the molecular basis of adrenocortical carcinoma. The genetic events associated with adrenocortical carcinoma in adults are distinct from those of paediatric cases, which are often associated with germline or somatic TP53 mutations and have a better prognosis. In adult primary adrenocortical carcinoma, the main somatic genetic alterations occur in genes that encode proteins involved in the WNT-β-catenin pathway, cell cycle and p53 apoptosis pathway, chromatin remodelling and telomere maintenance pathway, cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway or DNA transcription and RNA translation pathways. Recently, integrated molecular studies of adrenocortical carcinomas, which have characterized somatic mutations and the methylome as well as gene and microRNA expression profiles, have led to a molecular classification of these tumours that can predict prognosis and have helped to identify new therapeutic targets. In this Review, we summarize these recent translational research advances in adrenocortical carcinoma, which it is hoped could lead to improved patient diagnosis, treatment and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Knudson KM, Hwang S, McCann MS, Joshi BH, Husain SR, Puri RK. Recent Advances in IL-13Rα2-Directed Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878365. [PMID: 35464460 PMCID: PMC9023787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Rα2, CD213A), a high-affinity membrane receptor of the anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine IL-13, is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors and is correlated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. While initially hypothesized as a decoy receptor for IL-13-mediated signaling, recent evidence demonstrates IL-13 can signal through IL-13Rα2 in human cells. In addition, expression of IL-13Rα2 and IL-13Rα2-mediated signaling has been shown to promote tumor proliferation, cell survival, tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Given its differential expression in tumor versus normal tissue, IL-13Rα2 is an attractive immunotherapy target, as both a targetable receptor and an immunogenic antigen. Multiple promising strategies, including immunotoxins, cancer vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have been developed to target IL-13Rα2. In this mini-review, we discuss recent developments surrounding IL-13Rα2-targeted therapies in pre-clinical and clinical study, including potential strategies to improve IL-13Rα2-directed cancer treatment efficacy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jimenez C, Armaiz-Pena G, Dahia PLM, Lu Y, Toledo RA, Varghese J, Habra MA. Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors Special Issue—Checkpoint Inhibitors for Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Do They Work? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030467. [PMID: 35158739 PMCID: PMC8833823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancers and metastatic pheochromocytomas are the most common malignancies originating in the adrenal glands. Metastatic paragangliomas are extra-adrenal tumors that share similar genetic and molecular profiles with metastatic pheochromocytomas and, subsequently, these tumors are studied together. Adrenocortical cancers and metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are orphan diseases with limited therapeutic options worldwide. As in any other cancers, adrenocortical cancers and metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas avoid the immune system. Hypoxia-pseudohypoxia, activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, and/or microsatellite instability suggest that immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors could be a therapeutic option for patients with these tumors. The results of clinical trials with checkpoint inhibitors for adrenocortical carcinoma or metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma demonstrate limited benefits; nevertheless, these results also suggest interesting mechanisms that might enhance clinical responses to checkpoint inhibitors. These mechanisms include the normalization of tumor vasculature, modification of the hormonal environment, and vaccination with specific tumor antigens. Combinations of checkpoint inhibitors with classical therapies, such as chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, radiopharmaceuticals, and/or novel therapies, such as vaccines, should be evaluated in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Jimenez
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.V.); (M.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gustavo Armaiz-Pena
- Division of Endocrinology, Department Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Patricia L. M. Dahia
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Rodrigo A. Toledo
- CIBERONC, Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumors, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Centro Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jeena Varghese
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.V.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Mouhammed Amir Habra
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.V.); (M.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
IL-13Rα2 Is a Biomarker of Diagnosis and Therapeutic Response in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071140. [PMID: 34201539 PMCID: PMC8303581 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13Rα2 is a high-affinity binding protein for its ligand IL-13 and a cancer-testis antigen as it is expressed in the testis. IL-13Rα2 is highly expressed in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer, and consists of three domains: extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic. The extracellular domain binds to the ligand to form a biologically active complex, which initiates signaling through AP-1 and other pathways. IL-13Rα2 is also expressed in diseased cells such as fibroblasts that are involved in various inflammatory diseases, including cancer. We have reported that IL-13Rα2 is a prognostic biomarker for malignant glioma, adrenocortical cancer, and pancreatic cancer. In pancreatic cancer, a small sample of tissue could be examined for the expression of IL-13Rα2 by using the endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration technique (EUS-FNA). In addition, a peptide-based targeted approach using Pep-1L peptide could be used to study the biodistribution and whole-body cancer imaging for the screening of pancreatic cancer in suspected subjects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pegna GJ, Roper N, Kaplan RN, Bergsland E, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Habra MA, Pommier Y, Del Rivero J. The Immunotherapy Landscape in Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2660. [PMID: 34071333 PMCID: PMC8199088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer of the adrenal gland that is frequently associated with excess production of adrenal hormones. Although surgical resection may be curative in early-stage disease, few effective therapeutic options exist in the inoperable advanced or metastatic setting. Immunotherapies, inclusive of a broad array of immune-activating and immune-modulating antineoplastic agents, have demonstrated clinical benefit in a wide range of solid and hematologic malignancies. Due to the broad activity across multiple cancer types, there is significant interest in testing these agents in rare tumors, including ACC. Multiple clinical trials evaluating immunotherapies for the treatment of ACC have been conducted, and many more are ongoing or planned. Immunotherapies that have been evaluated in clinical trials for ACC include the immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and avelumab. Other immunotherapies that have been evaluated include the monoclonal antibodies figitumumab and cixutumumab directed against the ACC-expressed insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, the recombinant cytotoxin interleukin-13-pseudomonas exotoxin A, and autologous tumor lysate dendritic cell vaccine. These agents have shown modest clinical activity, although nonzero in the case of the immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate whether this clinical activity may be augmented through combinations with other immune-acting agents or targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume J. Pegna
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.R.); (Y.P.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Emily Bergsland
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Research Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mouhammed Amir Habra
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1461, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.R.); (Y.P.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.R.); (Y.P.); (J.D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi J, Song X, Traub B, Luxenhofer M, Kornmann M. Involvement of IL-4, IL-13 and Their Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062998. [PMID: 33804263 PMCID: PMC8000536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are known as pleiotropic Th2 cytokines with a wide range of biological properties and functions especially in immune responses. In addition, increasing activities have also been determined in oncogenesis and tumor progression of several malignancies. It is now generally accepted that IL-4 and IL-13 can exert effects on epithelial tumor cells through corresponding receptors. Type II IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1), predominantly expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, is identified to be the main target for both IL-4 and IL-13 in tumors. Moreover, IL-13 can also signal by binding to the IL-13Rα2 receptor. Structural similarity due to the use of the same receptor complex generated in response to IL-4/IL-13 results in overlapping but also distinct signaling pathways and functions. The aim of this review was to summarize knowledge about IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in pancreatic cancer in order understand the implication of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors for pancreatic tumorigenesis and progression and for developing possible new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar A, Bellayr IH, Singh HS, Puri RK. IL-13Rα2 gene expression is a biomarker of adverse outcome in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246632. [PMID: 33591997 PMCID: PMC7886164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive endocrine malignancy that usually results in a fatal outcome. To allow the better clinical management and reduce mortality, we searched for clinical and molecular markers that are reliable predictor of disease severity and clinical outcome in ACC patients. We determined a correlation between the overexpression of IL-13Rα2 and the clinical outcome in ACC patients using comprehensive data available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The dataset of 79 ACC subjects were divided into groups of low, medium, or high expression of IL-13Rα2 as determined by RNA-seq. These patients were also stratified by length of survival, overall survival, incidence of a new tumor event, incidence of metastasis, and production of excess hormones. We report a correlation between IL-13Rα2 expression and survival of subjects with ACC. High expression of IL-13Rα2 in ACC tumors was significantly associated with a lower patient survival rate and period of survival compared to low expression (p = 0.0084). In addition, high IL-13Rα2 expression was significantly associated with a higher incidence of new tumor events and excess hormone production compared to low or medium IL-13Rα2 expression. Within the cohort of patients that produced excess hormone, elevated IL-13Rα2 expression was significantly associated with a lower survival rate. Additionally, IL-13Rα1 had a potential relationship between transcript level and ACC survival. Our results and promising antitumor activity in preclinical models and trials indicate that IL-13Rα2 expression is an important prognostic biomarker of ACC disease outcome and a promising target for therapeutic treatment of ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kumar
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian H. Bellayr
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hridaya S. Singh
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj K. Puri
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karwacka I, Obołończyk Ł, Kaniuka-Jakubowska S, Sworczak K. The Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020098. [PMID: 33498467 PMCID: PMC7909536 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare epithelial neoplasm, with a high tendency for local invasion and distant metastases, with limited treatment options. Surgical treatment is the method of choice. For decades, the mainstay of pharmacological treatment has been the adrenolytic drug mitotane, in combination with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is the latest revolution in cancer therapy, however preliminary data with single immune checkpoint inhibitors showed a modest activity in ACC patients. The anti-neoplastic activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated-antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4), anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1), and anti-PD-ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibodies in different solid tumors has aroused interest to explore the potential therapeutic effect in ACC as well. Multiple ongoing clinical trials are currently evaluating the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in ACC (pembrolizumab, combination pembrolizumab and relacorilant, nivolumab, combination nivolumab and ipilimumab). The primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy continue to counter treatment efficacy. Therefore, attempts are made to combine therapy: anti-PD-1 antibody and anti-CTLA-4 antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody and antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. The inhibitors of immune checkpoints would benefit patients with antitumor immunity activated by radiotherapy. Immunotherapy is well tolerated by patients; the most frequently observed side effects are mild. The most common adverse effects of immunotherapy are skin and gastrointestinal disorders. The most common endocrinopathy during anti-CTLA treatment is pituitary inflammation and thyroid disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chong ST, Tan KM, Kok CYL, Guan SP, Lai SH, Lim C, Hu J, Sturgis C, Eng C, Lam PYP, Ngeow J. IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5573-5584. [PMID: 31290966 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13RA2), which is known to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, plays a role in various cellular processes such as cell migration that may contribute to tumor progression. Studies have attributed IL13RA2 to invasion and metastasis in cancers of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, but the pathological role of IL13RA2 in thyroid cancer is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate IL13RA2 expression in thyroid carcinomas and to examine the role of IL13RA2 in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS IL13RA2 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of 137 thyroid carcinomas from patients, and the differential profile of IL13RA2 was validated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In PTC cell lines, we functionally assessed the effects of IL13RA2 underexpression and overexpression on cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using CCK-8, transwell migration assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS IL13RA2 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor T stage (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.001) and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1; P < 0.001). The staining scores of IL13RA2 were significantly higher in PTC compared with follicular subtypes (P < 0.001) and correlated with advanced tumor stage among PTC samples (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.028). Knockdown of IL13RA2 in B-CPAP cells significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration, and EMT markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Exogenous overexpression of IL13RA2 in K1 cells increased cell migration and EMT, although cell proliferation was not affected. CONCLUSION IL13RA2 is differentially regulated in PTC and is involved in cell migration by enhancing EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siao Ting Chong
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Khee Ming Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Catherine Y L Kok
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cindy Lim
- Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Charles Sturgis
- Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy typically with poor prognosis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the clinical management of ACC. RECENT FINDINGS Surgery remains the cornerstone for localized ACC management. In more advanced cases, debulking surgery when feasible can help with hormonal control and may allow the initiation of systemic therapy. Over the last few years, our understanding of ACC molecular pathogenesis has expanded with no significant change in treatment options. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the gold standard in metastatic ACC despite suboptimal efficacy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor use did not result in meaningful benefit in ACC patients. Multiple clinical trials are currently exploring the role of immunotherapy in ACC. Despite the remarkable improvement in our understanding of the molecular signature and pathways in ACC, this knowledge did not yield a major breakthrough in management of advanced ACC. Multi-institutional and international collaborations are needed to identify promising treatments and new therapeutic targets to improve the care of ACC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Jasim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University, in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8127, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mouhammed Amir Habra
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1461, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alaeddine M, Prat M, Poinsot V, Gouazé-Andersson V, Authier H, Meunier E, Lefèvre L, Alric C, Dardenne C, Bernad J, Alric L, Segui B, Balard P, Couderc F, Couderc B, Pipy B, Coste A. IL13-Mediated Dectin-1 and Mannose Receptor Overexpression Promotes Macrophage Antitumor Activities through Recognition of Sialylated Tumor Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:321-334. [PMID: 30610060 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity is controlled by surface receptor expression and activation. Despite the numerous studies documenting the role of macrophage C-type lectin receptors (CLR) in pathogen elimination, little is known about their contribution to antitumor responses. Here, we report that IL13 inhibits T-cell lymphoma and ovarian adenocarcinoma development in tumor-bearing mice through the conversion of tumor-supporting macrophages to cytotoxic effectors, characterized by a CLR signature composed of dectin-1 and mannose receptor (MR). We show that dectin-1 and MR are critical for the recognition of tumor cells through sialic acid-specific glycan structure on their surface and for the subsequent activation of macrophage tumoricidal response. Finally, we validated that IL13 antitumor effect mediated by dectin-1 and MR overexpression on macrophages can extend to various types of human tumors. Therefore, these results identify these CLRs as potential targets to promote macrophage antitumor response and represent an attractive approach to elicit tumor-associated macrophage tumoricidal properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélissa Prat
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Véréna Poinsot
- UMR 5623 Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | | | - Hélène Authier
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Lise Lefèvre
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Camille Alric
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | | | - José Bernad
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Bruno Segui
- UMR1037 Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, France
| | | | - François Couderc
- UMR 5623 Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Bettina Couderc
- UMR1037 Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, France
| | - Bernard Pipy
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Perez-Amill L, Marzal B, Urbano-Ispizua A, Juan M, Martín-Antonio B. CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Door Is Open to Find Innumerable Possibilities of Treatments for Cancer Patients. Turk J Haematol 2018; 35:217-228. [PMID: 30185400 PMCID: PMC6256819 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2018.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven years ago a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient was for the first time successfully treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CAR-T cells) to target CD19 overexpression in tumor cells. This was the beginning of the development of a new type of immunotherapy treatment in cancer patients. Since then, identification of novel antigens expressed in tumor cells and optimization of both CAR constructs and protocols of administration have opened up new avenues for the successful treatment of other hematological malignancies. However, research still continues to avoid some problems such as toxicities associated with the treatment and to find strategies to avoid tumor cell immune evasion mechanisms. On the other hand, for solid tumors, CAR-T therapy results are still in an early phase. In contrast to hematological malignancies, the complex tumor heterogeneity of solid tumors has led to the research of novel and challenging strategies to improve CAR-T cell activity. Here, we will review the main clinical results obtained with CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies, specifically focusing on CAR-T-19 and CAR-T against B-cell maturation antigen (CAR-T-BCMA). Moreover, we will mention the main problems that decrease CAR-T cell activity in solid tumors and the strategies to overcome them. Finally, we will present some of the first clinical results obtained for solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perez-Amill
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Barcelona, Spain,Lorena Perez-Amill and Berta Marzal contributed to this article equally
| | - Berta Marzal
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Hospital, Clinic of Immunology, Barcelona, Spain,Lorena Perez-Amill and Berta Marzal contributed to this article equally
| | - Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Barcelona, Spain,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Hospital, Clinic of Immunology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Barcelona, Spain,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gu M. IL13Rα2 siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1345-1352. [PMID: 29563812 PMCID: PMC5849934 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Infiltrative growth and metastasis are the two most intractable characteristics of PTC. Interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2) with high affinity for Th2-derived cytokine IL-13 has been reported to be overexpressed in several tumors. In this study, an analysis of IL13Rα2 expression in PTC and matched paracancerous tissues was undertaken, and its biologic functions in PTC were assessed. Methods IL13Rα2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were detected by using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses. Cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and caspase activity were measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell, flow cytometry analyses, and biochemistry assay, respectively. Results Upregulation of IL13Rα2 and VEGF was observed in PTC tissues compared with matched paracancerous tissues. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that IL13Rα2 mRNA level in the tested PTC tissues was positively correlated with VEGF mRNA level. Besides, inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell invasion were detected in IL13Rα2-silenced TPC-1 cells. Increased activity of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9, along with elevated cleaved Caspase 3 and poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase indicated the signal pathway of cell apoptosis induced by IL13Rα2 siRNA. In addition, downregulated metastasis- and angiogenesis-related proteins VEGF, VEGFR2, MMP2, and MMP9 indicated the decreased number of invading cells after knockdown of IL13Rα2. Conclusion The results demonstrate that IL13Rα2 plays an important role in the progress of PTC. IL13Rα2 knockdown in PTC cells inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell invasion. These data suggest that IL13Rα2 may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of PTC clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Costa R, Carneiro BA, Tavora F, Pai SG, Kaplan JB, Chae YK, Chandra S, Kopp PA, Giles FJ. The challenge of developmental therapeutics for adrenocortical carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46734-46749. [PMID: 27102148 PMCID: PMC5216833 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease with an estimated incidence of only 0.7 new cases per million per year. Approximately 30-70% of the patients present with advanced disease with very poor prognosis and without effective therapeutic options. In the recent years, unprecedented progresses in cancer biology and genomics have fostered the development of numerous targeted therapies for various malignancies. Immunotherapy has also transformed the treatment landscape of malignancies such as melanoma, among others. However, these advances have not brought meaningful benefits for patients with ACC. Extensive genomic analyses of ACC have revealed numerous signal transduction pathway aberrations (e.g., insulin growth factor receptor and Wnt/β-catenin pathways) that play a central role in pathophysiology. These molecular alterations have been explored as potential therapeutic targets for drug development. This manuscript summarizes recent discoveries in ACC biology, reviews the results of early clinical studies with targeted therapies, and provides the rationale for emerging treatment strategies such as immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Costa
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Department of Pathology, Messejana Heart and Lung Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Sachin G Pai
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason B Kaplan
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Young Kwang Chae
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunandana Chandra
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter A Kopp
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis J Giles
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Newman JP, Wang GY, Arima K, Guan SP, Waters MR, Cavenee WK, Pan E, Aliwarga E, Chong ST, Kok CYL, Endaya BB, Habib AA, Horibe T, Ng WH, Ho IAW, Hui KM, Kordula T, Lam PYP. Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 cooperates with EGFRvIII signaling to promote glioblastoma multiforme. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1913. [PMID: 29203859 PMCID: PMC5715073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Rα2) is a cancer-associated receptor overexpressed in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This receptor is undetectable in normal brain which makes it a highly suitable target for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the pathological role of this receptor in GBM remains to be established. Here we report that IL-13Rα2 alone induces invasiveness of human GBM cells without affecting their proliferation. In contrast, in the presence of the mutant EGFR (EGFRvIII), IL-13Rα2 promotes GBM cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the cytoplasmic domain of IL-13Rα2 specifically binds to EGFRvIII, and this binding upregulates the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFRvIII and activates the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and STAT3 pathways. Our findings support the "To Go or To Grow" hypothesis whereby IL-13Rα2 serves as a molecular switch from invasion to proliferation, and suggest that targeting both receptors with STAT3 signaling inhibitor might be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Newman
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Grace Y Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shou P Guan
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Michael R Waters
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | | | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Edita Aliwarga
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Siao T Chong
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Catherine Y L Kok
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Berwini B Endaya
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, 4222, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and the North Texas VA Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - Tomohisa Horibe
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wai H Ng
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Ivy A W Ho
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Kam M Hui
- Bek Chai Heah Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cells Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Tomasz Kordula
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 11, Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Cancer and Stem Cells Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Interleukin-13 conjugated quantum dots for identification of glioma initiating cells and their extracellular vesicles. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:205-213. [PMID: 28583903 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium selenide (CdSe) based quantum dots modified with polyethylene glycol and chemically linked to interleukin-13 (IL13) were prepared with the aim of identifying the high affinity receptor (IL13Rα2) which is expressed in glioma stem cells and exosomes secreted by these cancer stem cells. IL13 conjugated quantum dots (IL13QD) were thoroughly characterized for their physicochemical properties including particle size and surface morphology. Furthermore, the specific binding of the IL13QD to glioma cells and to glioma stem cells (GSC) was verified using a competitive binding study. The exosomes were isolated from the GSC conditioned medium and the expression of IL13Rα2 in the GSC and exosomes was verified. The binding property of IL13QD to the tumor associated exosomes was initially confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The force of attraction between the quantum dots and U251 glioma cells and the exosomes was investigated by atomic force microscopy, which indicated a higher force of binding interaction between the IL13QD and IL13Rα2 expressing glioma cells and exosomes secreted by glioma stem cells. Flow cytometry of the IL13QD and exosomes from the culture media and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with glioma tumors indicated a distinctly populated complex pattern different from that of non-targeted quantum dots and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated quantum dots confirming specific binding potential of the IL13QD to the tumor associated exosomes. The results of this study demonstrate that IL13QD can serve as an ex vivo marker for glioma stem cells and exosomes that can inform diagnosis and prognosis of patients harboring malignant disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Functionalized quantum dots are flexible semiconductor nanomaterials which have an immense application in biomedical research. In particular, when they are functionalized with biomolecules like proteins or antibodies, they have the specialized ability to detect the expression of receptors and antigens in cells and tissues. In this study we designed a cytokine (interleukin-13) functionalized quantum dot to detect a cancer associated receptor expressed in cancer stem cells and the extracellular vesicles (exosomes) secreted by the cancer cells themselves. The binding pattern of these cytokine modified quantum dots to the cancer stem cells and exosomes alters the physical properties of the complex in the fixed and suspended form. This altered binding pattern can be monitored by a variety of techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and flow cytometry, and subsequent characterization of this quantum dot binding profile provides useful data that can be utilized as a fingerprint to detect cancer disease progression. This type of functionalized quantum dot fingerprint is especially useful for invasive cancers including brain and other metastatic cancers and may allow for earlier detection of disease progression or recurrence, thus saving the lives of patients suffering from this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gupta P, Wentland JA, Leal M, Ma D, Roach R, Esparza A, King L, Spilker ME, Bagi C, Winkelmann CT, Giddabasappa A. Assessment of near-infrared fluorophores to study the biodistribution and tumor targeting of an IL13 receptor α2 antibody by fluorescence molecular tomography. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57231-57245. [PMID: 28915667 PMCID: PMC5593638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging using radiolabels is a common technique used to study the biodistribution of biologics. Due to the limited shelf-life of radiolabels and the requirements of specialized labs, non-invasive optical imaging is an attractive alternative for preclinical studies. Previously, we demonstrated the utility of fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) an optical imaging modality in evaluating the biodistribution of antibody-drug conjugates. As FMT is a relatively new technology, few fluorophores have been validated for in vivo imaging. The goal of this study was to characterize and determine the utility of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores for biodistribution studies using interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 antibody (IL13Rα2-Ab). Eight fluorophores (ex/em: 630/800 nm) with an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) linker were evaluated for Ab conjugation. The resulting antibody-fluorophore (Ab-F) conjugates were evaluated in vitro for degree of conjugation, stability and target-binding, followed by in vivo/ex vivo FMT imaging to determine biodistribution in a xenograft model. The Ab-F conjugates (except Ab-DyLight800) showed good in vitro stability and antigen binding. All Ab-F conjugates (except for Ab-BOD630) resulted in a quantifiable signal in vivo and had similar biodistribution profiles, with peak tumor accumulation between 6 and 24 h post-injection. In vivo/ex vivo FMT imaging showed 17–34% ID/g Ab uptake by the tumor at 96 h. Overall, this is the first study to characterize the biodistribution of an Ab using eight NIR fluorophores. Our results show that 3-dimensional optical imaging is a valuable technology to understand biodistribution and targeting, but a careful selection of the fluorophore for each Ab is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Global Science and Technology, Comparative Medicine, Pfizer, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jo-Ann Wentland
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., New York NY, USA
| | - Mauricio Leal
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., New York NY, USA
| | - Dangshe Ma
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Pearl River, NY, USA.,Current affiliation: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Roach
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lindsay King
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., New York NY, USA
| | - Mary E Spilker
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., New York NY, USA
| | - Cedo Bagi
- Global Science and Technology, Comparative Medicine, Pfizer, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Anand Giddabasappa
- Global Science and Technology, Comparative Medicine, Pfizer, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To present an update on the management of and future directions in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). RECENT FINDINGS ACC is a rare malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Surgery remains the mainstay treatment for localized disease, but it is often not feasible in more advanced cases. There is an ongoing controversy about the routine use of adjuvant treatments after surgery. Hormonal overproduction can complicate the management and worsen the prognosis of the disease. Systemic therapy with multiple cytotoxic drugs is often combined with the adrenolytic agent mitotane. Genomic analyses of ACC revealed numerous signal transduction pathway aberrations (insulin-like growth factor 2 overexpression, TP53 mutations and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation), but so far, there has been no clinically meaningful breakthrough in targeting these genes. Immunotherapy offers hope for altering the orthodox management of cancer, and its role in ACC is being explored in multiple ongoing trials. SUMMARY Surgery by experienced team is the key treatment for localized ACC, whereas currently used chemotherapy has limited efficacy in advanced ACC. The improved understanding of the molecular pathways involved in ACC has not been translated into effective therapy. The development of new therapies requires collaborative effort to fight this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeena Varghese
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang L, Cheng Q, Zhang B, Zhang M. IL-13 induces the expression of 11βHSD2 in IL-13Rα2 dependent manner and promotes the malignancy of colorectal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1064-1072. [PMID: 27158392 PMCID: PMC4846949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies had demonstrated that IL-13 and its receptor IL-13Rα2 participated in the process of onset and development of colorectal cancer, however, its detailed mechanism was still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that IL-13 induced the expression of 11βHSD2 in an IL-13Rα2 dependent manner in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, we indicated 11βHSD2 was critical for IL-13 to induce the expression of COX2 and activated Akt, which was essential for IL-13 to promote the colony formation abilities and migration abilities of colorectal cancer cells. Inhibitor of 11βHSD2 glycyrrhizic acid (GA) significantly reduced the liver metastasis of colorectal cancers cells seeded in the Appendix serous of the nude mice. These results provide evidences to reveal the molecular mechanism in the process of colorectal cancer involving IL-13 and its receptor IL-13Rα2, and may provide new therapeutic target for treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, China
| | - Binhao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu-Chittenden Y, Jain M, Kumar P, Patel D, Aufforth R, Neychev V, Sadowski S, Gara SK, Joshi BH, Cottle-Delisle C, Merkel R, Yang L, Miettinen M, Puri RK, Kebebew E. Phase I trial of systemic intravenous infusion of interleukin-13-Pseudomonas exotoxin in patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1060-8. [PMID: 25767039 PMCID: PMC4529344 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but lethal malignancy without effective current therapy for metastatic disease. IL-13-PE is a recombinant cytotoxin consisting of human interleukin-13 (IL-13) and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE). The main objectives of this Phase I dose-escalation trial were to assess the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of IL-13-PE in patients with metastatic ACC. Eligible patients had confirmed IL-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2) expressions in their tumors. IL-13-PE at dose of 1-2 μg/kg was administered intravenously (IV) on day 1, 3, and 5 in a 4-week cycle. Six patients received 1 μg/kg and two patients received 2 μg/kg of IL-13-PE. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at 2 μg/kg, at which patients exhibited thrombocytopenia and renal insufficiency without requiring dialysis. PK analysis demonstrated that at MTD, the mean maximum serum concentration (Cmax ) of IL-13-PE was 21.0 ng/mL, and the terminal half-life of IL-13-PE was 30-39 min. Two (25%) of the eight patients had baseline neutralizing antibodies against PE. Three (75%) of the remaining four tested patients developed neutralizing antibodies against IL-13-PE within 14-28 days of initial treatment. Of the five patients treated at MTD and assessed for response, one patient had stable disease for 5.5 months before disease progression; the others progressed within 1-2 months. In conclusion, systemic IV administration of IL-13-PE is safe at 1 μg/kg. All tested patients developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies during IL-13-PE treatment. Use of strategies for immunodepletion before IL-13-PE treatment should be considered in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu-Chittenden
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Meenu Jain
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Parag Kumar
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Aufforth
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Vladimir Neychev
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Samira Sadowski
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Sudheer K Gara
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver Spring, Maryland
| | - Candice Cottle-Delisle
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Merkel
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Lily Yang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver Spring, Maryland
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferreira TPT, de Arantes ACS, do Nascimento CVMF, Olsen PC, Trentin PG, Rocco PRM, Hogaboam CM, Puri RK, Martins MA, Silva PMRE. IL-13 Immunotoxin Accelerates Resolution of Lung Pathological Changes Triggered by Silica Particles in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5220-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
23
|
Glover AR, Ip JCY, Zhao JT, Soon PSH, Robinson BG, Sidhu SB. Current management options for recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:635-43. [PMID: 23776337 PMCID: PMC3681406 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s34956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer that poses a number of management challenges due to the limited number of effective systemic treatments. Complete surgical resection offers the best chance of long-term survival. However, despite complete resection, ACC is associated with high recurrence rates. This review will discuss the management of recurrent ACC in adults following complete surgical resection. Management should take place in a specialist center and treatment decisions must consider the individual tumor biology of each case of recurrence. Given the fact that ACC commonly recurs, management to prevent recurrence should be considered from initial diagnosis with the use of adjuvant mitotane. Close follow up with clinical examination and imaging is important for early detection of recurrent disease. Locoregional recurrence may be isolated, and repeat surgical resection should be considered along with mitotane. The use of radiotherapy in ACC remains controversial. Systemic recurrence most often involves liver, pulmonary, and bone metastasis and is usually managed with mitotane, with or without combination chemotherapy. There is a limited role for surgical resection in systemic recurrence in selected patients. In all patients with recurrent disease, control of excessive hormone production is an important part of management. Despite intensive management of recurrent ACC, treatment failure is common and the use of clinical trials and novel treatment is an important part of management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Glover
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jain M, Zhang L, He M, Zhang YQ, Patterson EE, Nilubol N, Shen M, Kebebew E. TOP2A is overexpressed and is a therapeutic target for adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:361-70. [PMID: 23533247 PMCID: PMC4990817 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with no effective therapy for patients with unresectable disease. The aim of the current study was i) to evaluate TOP2A expression and function in human adrenocortical neoplasm and ACC cells and ii) to determine the anticancer activity of agents that target TOP2A. TOP2A mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated in 112 adrenocortical tissue samples (21 normal adrenal cortex, 80 benign adrenocortical tumors, and 11 ACCs). In vitro siRNA knockdown of TOP2A in ACC cell lines (NCI-H295R and SW13) was used to determine its effect on cellular proliferation, cell cycle, anchorage-independent growth, and cellular invasion. We screened 14 TOP2A inhibitors for their anticancer activity in ACC cells. TOP2A mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in ACC than in benign and normal adrenocortical tissue samples (P<0.05). Knockdown of TOP2A gene expression in ACC cell lines significantly decreased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion (P<0.05). A screening assay in NCI-H295R cells showed that 11 of 14 TOP2A inhibitors had antiproliferative activity, 5 of the 14 TOP2A inhibitors had a higher antiproliferative activity than mitotane, and aclarubicin was the agent with the highest activity. Aclarubicin was validated to significantly decrease proliferation and tumor spheroid size in both NCI-H295R and SW13 ACC cell lines (P<0.05). Our results suggest that TOP2A is overexpressed in ACC, regulates cellular proliferation and invasion in ACC cells, and is an attractive target for ACC therapy. Of the TOP2A inhibitors screened, aclarubicin is a good candidate agent to test in future clinical trials for patients with locally advanced and metastatic ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Jain
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mei He
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erin E. Patterson
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|