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Ohanian M, Rozovski U, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Abruzzo LV, Loghavi S, Kadia T, Futreal A, Bhalla K, Zuo Z, Huh YO, Post SM, Ruvolo P, Garcia-Manero G, Andreeff M, Kornblau S, Borthakur G, Hu P, Medeiros LJ, Takahashi K, Hornbaker MJ, Zhang J, Nogueras-González GM, Huang X, Verstovsek S, Estrov Z, Pierce S, Ravandi F, Kantarjian HM, Bueso-Ramos CE, Cortes JE. MYC protein expression is an important prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:37-48. [PMID: 29741984 PMCID: PMC6226369 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1464158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As new drugs targeting MYC show clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), understanding MYC expression in AML is of critical importance. We assessed MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow of patients with untreated AML (n = 265). Overall, 90% of patients demonstrated MYC overexpression and MYC immunopositivity ≤6% was associated with superior complete remission (CR) duration of 23 months versus 12 months for MYC immunopositivity >6% (p = .028). Among 241 patients at higher risk for relapse, including those ≥55 years of age and patients with intermediate- and high-risk AML, MYC immunopositivity ≤6% conferred significantly superior median overall survival (OS) (24 versus 13 months; p = .042), event-free survival (EFS) (14 versus 6 months; p = .048), and relapse-free survival (RFS) (25 versus 12 months; p = .024). The prognostic impact of MYC-immunopositivity was retained on multivariate analysis of OS, EFS, and RFS. We conclude that MYC immunopositivity is an important prognostic factor in patients with untreated AML, particularly those at higher risk for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Uri Rozovski
- Department of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center at Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Lynne V. Abruzzo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhuang Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Yang O. Huh
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M. Post
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Hu
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marisa J. Hornbaker
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Xuelin Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge E. Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Wei H, Wang Y, Zhou C, Lin D, Liu B, Liu K, Qiu S, Gong B, Li Y, Zhang G, Wei S, Gong X, Liu Y, Zhao X, Gu R, Mi Y, Wang J. Distinct genetic alteration profiles of acute myeloid leukemia between Caucasian and Eastern Asian population. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:18. [PMID: 29427994 PMCID: PMC5807853 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Racial and ethnic disparities in malignancies attract extensive attention. To investigate whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in genetic alteration between Caucasian and Eastern Asian population, data from several prospective AML trials were retrospectively analyzed in this study. We found that there were more patients with core binding factor (CBF) leukemia in Eastern Asian cohorts and there were different CBF leukemia constitutions between them. The ratios of CBF leukemia are 27.7, 22.1, 21.1, and 23.4%, respectively, in our (ChiCTR-TRC-10001202), another Chinese, Korean, and Japanese Eastern Asian cohorts, which are significantly higher than those in ECOG1900, MRC AML15, UK NCRI AML17, HOVON/SAKK AML-42, and German AML2003 (15.5, 12.5, 9.3, 10.2, and 12%, respectively). And CBFbeta-MYH11 occurred more prevalently in HOVON/SAKK AML- 42 and ECOG1900 trials (50.0 and 54.3% of CBF leukemia, respectively) than in Chinese and Japanese trials (20.1 and 20.8%, respectively). The proportion of FLT3-ITD mutation is 11.2% in our cohort, which is lower than that in MRC AML15 and UK NCRI AML17 (24.6 and 17.9%, respectively). Even after excluding the age bias, there are still different incidence rates of mutation between Caucasian and Eastern Asian population. These data suggest that there are racial and ethnic disparities in genetic alteration between Caucasian and Eastern Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Chunlin Zhou
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Bingcheng Liu
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Kaiqi Liu
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Benfa Gong
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yan Li
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shuning Wei
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xingli Zhao
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Runxia Gu
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Leukemia Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Davis LL, Hume KR, Stokol T. A retrospective review of acute myeloid leukaemia in 35 dogs diagnosed by a combination of morphologic findings, flow cytometric immunophenotyping and cytochemical staining results (2007-2015). Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:268-275. [PMID: 29239119 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an uncommon, rapidly progressive neoplasm in dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the clinical presentation, haematologic findings, diagnostic imaging results, treatment and survival time of a contemporary cohort of dogs with AML. Diagnosis was based on >20% blasts in bone marrow or blood identified as myeloid based on morphologic findings, flow cytometric immunophenotyping and cytochemical staining. Medical records of 35 dogs diagnosed with AML from 2007 to 2015 were included. Most dogs presented with inappetence (66%) and lethargy (57%) and physical examination findings of peripheral lymphadenopathy (74%) and tachypnea (62%). Common haematologic findings were quantifiable circulating blasts (85%; median blast count 35 700/μL; range: 300-276 500/μL), anaemia (median haematocrit 34%; range: 11%-52%) and thrombocytopenia (median 57 000/μL; range: 9000-252 000/μL). Bicytopenia and pancytopenia were each found in 44% of dogs. Follow-up information was available for 34 dogs. The overall median survival time from diagnosis was 19 days (range: 1-121 days). Clinical progression in some dogs was not as rapid as previously reported. Haematologic responses to various chemotherapeutics were documented in 3 dogs, with associated survival times of 62, 103 and 121 days. Dogs treated with prednisone or a combination of chemotherapy and prednisone had improved survival compared to dogs that received symptomatic care only (P < .0001). Our results show canine AML has an overlapping clinical presentation with lymphoma. The prognosis for canine AML remains extremely guarded. Further studies are needed to optimize therapeutic regimens for dogs with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Davis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - K R Hume
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - T Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
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Ma E, Bonthapally V, Chawla A, Lefebvre P, Swords R, Lafeuille MH, Fortier J, Emond B, Duh MS, Dezube BJ. An Evaluation of Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Elderly Patients Newly Diagnosed With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Analysis of Electronic Medical Records From US Community Oncology Practices. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16:625-636.e3. [PMID: 27686689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are considered ineligible for standard intensive induction therapy due to performance status and comorbidities. We analyzed treatment patterns and outcomes among elderly patients newly diagnosed with AML in the US community oncology setting. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted using patient-level data from a network of US community oncology practices provided by Altos Solutions. Patients aged ≥ 60 years, diagnosed with AML between November 2005 and February 2014, with ≥ 1 recorded visit and ≥ 6 months between diagnosis and data cutoff, were included. Only patients who received active treatment or best supportive care (BSC) per National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) AML Guidelines were analyzed. RESULTS Of 1139 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 922 (median age 76 years) received NCCN-recommended treatments: standard induction (n = 5), low-intensity therapy (n = 425), BSC with hydroxyurea (HU) (n = 36), or BSC without HU (n = 455). For the low-intensity therapy cohort, median time from diagnosis to treatment initiation was 17 days; median duration of therapy was 5.1 months. Median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis in the low-intensity, BSC with HU, and BSC without HU groups was 12.3, 7.0, and 49.4 months, respectively. Median time to next therapy/death was 10.1 months in patients receiving low-intensity therapy. A higher proportion of patients receiving low-intensity therapy required transfusion or other supportive care versus those receiving BSC. CONCLUSIONS As expected, OS in patients receiving low-intensity therapy or BSC with HU is poor for elderly patients with AML. Remarkably, intensive induction strategies are rarely used for older patients in community oncology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ronan Swords
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Bruno Emond
- Groupe d'analyse, Ltée, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Bruce J Dezube
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA
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Feng J, Zhang W, Wu J, Gao S, Ye H, Sun L, Chen Y, Yu K, Xing CY. Effect of initial absolute monocyte count on survival outcome of patients with de novo non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2548-54. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1166491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Kong X, Chen Y, Wang LI, Zhou Y, He Y, Nie W, Zhang X, Yin X. Effect of the microtransplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells as maintenance therapy for elderly patients with acute leukemia. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2331-2334. [PMID: 26137066 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) increases with age. Elderly patients with AML are less tolerant to high-intensity consolidation therapy than younger patients, with significantly worse prognoses. Induction and consolidation therapy combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation may improve the prognosis of elderly patients with AML. The present study reports the effect of maintenance therapy with low-dose chemotherapy treatment combined with microtransplantation in elderly patients with AML following consolidation. Between January 2011 and April 2014, three elderly patients (>55 years old), including one 58-year-old patient with acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) and two patients with AML aged 59 years and 62 years, underwent microtransplantation maintenance therapy. Following a complete response to induction chemotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy with two to four cycles of medium dose Ara-c (auto transplantation was performed in the patient with AMLL), maintenance therapy was performed using low-dose Ara-c combined with human leukocyte antigen haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation, which was repeated every 3 to 6 months. The patients were followed up for 27, 20 and 16 months, respectively, and all three patients achieved disease-free survival. The bone marrow Wilms' tumor suppression gene (WT1) level of the case with AMLL was dynamically monitored. The results showed that the WT1 level was abnormally high prior to microtransplantation and gradually declined to normal levels subsequent to the process. None of the patients suffered from graft versus host disease during the microtransplantation process. In conclusion, microtransplantation maintenance therapy following consolidation therapy is feasible in elderly patients with AML, and is expected to be able to further remove residual lesions and improve treatment efficacy. A large-scale clinical trial is required to confirm the effect of maintenance therapy in elderly patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Kong
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - L I Wang
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weiye Nie
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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7
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Recent developments in the treatment of older individuals with acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol 2015; 22:108-15. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Yanada M. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia during first complete remission: a clinical perspective. Int J Hematol 2014; 101:243-54. [PMID: 25212675 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the most potent therapy for preventing relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although its efficacy is compromised by a high risk of treatment-related morbidity and mortality, an accumulating body of evidence has led to the general recommendation favoring allogeneic HCT from a matched sibling donor during first complete remission (CR1) for younger patients with cytogenetically intermediate- or high-risk AML. Over the past few decades, this field has seen a great many advancements. The indications for allogeneic HCT have been refined by taking into account the molecular profiles of leukemic cells and the degree of comorbidities. The introduction of high-resolution human leukocyte antigen-typing technology and advances in immunosuppressive therapy and supportive care measures have improved outcomes in alternative donor transplantation, while the parallel growth of unrelated donor registries and greater use of umbilical cord blood and haploidentical donors have considerably improved the chance of finding an alternative donor. The development of reduced-intensity and non-myeloablative conditioning has made it possible to receive allogeneic HCT for patients who might once have been considered ineligible due to advanced age or comorbidities. Thanks to these advances, the role of allogeneic HCT during CR1 has become progressively more important in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Yanada
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan,
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Incidence and prognostic significance of karyotypic subgroups in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: the Swedish population-based experience. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e188. [PMID: 24583534 PMCID: PMC3944658 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Swedish population-based acute myeloid leukemia registry contains data from 3251 patients (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) diagnosed between 1997 and 2006. Informative cytogenetic data from 1893 patients were retrospectively added, including 1054 patients aged between 60 and 79 years. Clonal abnormalities were found in 57% of the informative karyotypes. Karyotypic patterns differed by age: t(8;21), inv(16) and t(11q23) were more common in younger patients, whereas loss of 5q, 7q and 17p, monosomal karyotype (MK) and complex karyotypes were more common in older patients. Loss of 5q, 7q and 17p often occurred together within MK. Patients with 5 chromosome abnormalities had worse overall survival than those with fewer abnormalities or normal karyotype in all age groups. Loss of 5q, 7q and/or 17p had, in contrast to MK, a further negative impact on survival. Multivariable Cox regression analyses on risk factors in patients <80 years with cytogenetic abnormalities and intensive treatment revealed that age and performance status had the most significant impact on survival (both P<0.001), followed by sex (P=0.0135) and a karyotype including -7/del(7q) (P=0.048).
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