Delays in breast cancer diagnosis after a state policy limiting Medicaid enrollment

Correlation between rs13347 polymorphism of CD44 gene and the risk of occurring breast cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

With the attention paid to the heritability of breast cancer, the search for the genetic susceptibility gene of breast cancer has become a hot spot. At present, a number of studies have explored the relationship between rs13347 polymorphism of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) gene and breast cancer, but the research conclusions are inconsistent. Therefore, we will use this meta-analysis to explore the role of this gene polymorphism in breast cancer susceptibility.

METHODS

The search time is set from the establishment of the database in March 2021 in this study. The search database include China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform, and China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The subjects are observational studies on the relationship between rs13347 polymorphism of CD44 gene and breast cancer (including case-control study, cross-sectional study and a cohort study). The language is limited to English and Chinese. The data of the included study are extracted and the literature quality is evaluated by two researchers independently. The data are statistically analyzed by Stata 16.0 software.

RESULTS

Based on the existing studies, this study will systematically evaluate the relationship between CD44 gene rs13347 polymorphism and breast cancer.

CONCLUSION

This study will provide evidence-based medical evidence to clarify the role of CD44 gene polymorphism in breast cancer, and provide help for the early detection and preventive intervention of breast cancer.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval will not be required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.

OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WBC7F.

Clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum CA153, CEA and TSGF detection in the diagnosis of breast cancer

In the present retrospective study, the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with the detection of the serum tumor markers carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tumor specific growth factor (TSGF) as diagnostic tools for breast cancer was investigated. A total of 103 patients with breast cancer and 50 patients with benign breast lesions were enrolled in the study. All patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography. Electrochemiluminescence was used to measure the expression levels of CA153 and CEA, and chemical colorimetric assay for the measurement of TSGF expression. The differences in mass boundary, morphology, internal echo, calcification, peak blood flow velocity (V_max), resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and blood flow signal classification between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of CA153, CEA and TSGF in the serum of patients in the breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group (P<0.01). In the breast cancer group, CA153, CEA and TSGF expression levels were significantly higher in patients with high-stage cancer and recurrence, compared with the patients with low-stage cancer and no recurrence. The sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value of the combined detection were significantly improved compared with those of the single tests (P<0.01). Color Doppler ultrasound combined with the detection of CA153, CEA and TSGF levels in the serum of patients can be used as an effective tool that can improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis leading to early diagnosis and clinical intervention.

Relationship Study of The Verified H uman Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Amplification with Other Tumor Markers and Clinicohistopathological Characteristics in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer, Using Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization

Objective

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), as a crucial factor involved in about 20% of breast cancer cases, is one of the most reliable tumor markers to determine prognosis and therapeutic trend of this disease. This marker is generally assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. In the cases that result of IHC test cast doubt (+2), the test should be repeated or validated by applying in situ hybridization techniques, like chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). In this regard, the goal of current study was to figure out the link between different clinicopathological characteristics of patients suffering from invasive breast cancer, using tumor markers, hormone receptor (HR) and HER-2. Comparing IHC and CISH techniques for evaluating diagnostic value and usefulness of HER-2 were also the other objective of this study.

Materials and Methods

Based on this retrospective study, histological markers of 113 individuals suffering from invasive breast cancer -such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, HER-2 receptor, E-cadherin, CK5/6, vimentin and Ki67 were examined by IHC technique. HER-2 amplification of all patients was also evaluated by CISH. Clinicopathological information of the patients was also extracted from medical documents and their associations with tumor markers were statistically evaluated.

Results

There is a significant relationship between tumor size, CK5/6 and tumor grade with HR status. Similar relationship was observed between HER-2 status and HR status, as well as vascular invasion (P<0.05). The comparison of HER-2 amplification showed no complete concordance of the result obtained from these two techniques, with score +3.

Conclusion

Since the status of HER-2 is very important in decision making of the treatment process, CISH technique is recommended in the malignant conditions as the primary test, instead of IHC. In this study, we also determined that HER-2 expression is greatly correlated with ER- and PR- status. This might propose a better prognosis for HER-2⁺ patients.