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Hosea R, Hillary S, Naqvi S, Wu S, Kasim V. The two sides of chromosomal instability: drivers and brakes in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:75. [PMID: 38553459 PMCID: PMC10980778 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy. CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities, including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes. CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division, leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes. Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress, such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks; meanwhile, errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery, including centrosome amplification, erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, spindle assembly checkpoint, or defective sister chromatids cohesion. In normal cells, CIN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage, proteotoxic stress, metabolic alteration, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Paradoxically, despite these negative consequences, CIN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90% of solid tumors and in blood cancers. Furthermore, CIN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity, thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies; however, excessive CIN could induce tumor cells death, leading to the "just-right" model for CIN in tumors. Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments. This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN, as well as the paradox of CIN, a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers. Finally, this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sharon Hillary
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Sumera Naqvi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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2
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Gao W, Lu J, Yang Z, Li E, Cao Y, Xie L. Mitotic Functions and Characters of KIF11 in Cancers. Biomolecules 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38672404 PMCID: PMC11047945 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis mediates the accurate separation of daughter cells, and abnormalities are closely related to cancer progression. KIF11, a member of the kinesin family, plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. Recently, an increasing quantity of data have demonstrated the upregulated expression of KIF11 in various cancers, promoting the emergence and progression of cancers. This suggests the great potential of KIF11 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIF11 in cancers have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, we first discuss the functions of the protein encoded by KIF11 during mitosis and connect the abnormal expression of KIF11 with its clinical significance. Then, we elucidate the mechanism of KIF11 to promote various hallmarks of cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of KIF11 inhibitors and outline areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
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3
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Tang G, Huang S, Luo J, Wu Y, Zheng S, Tong R, Zhong L, Shi J. Advances in research on potential inhibitors of multiple myeloma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115875. [PMID: 37879169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy. Although recent clinical applications of immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and CD38-targeting antibodies have significantly improved the outcome of MM patient with increased survival, the incidence of drug resistance and severe treatment-related complications is gradually on the rise. This review article summarizes the characteristics and clinical investigations of several MM drugs in clinical trials, including their structures, mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and clinical study progress. Furthermore, the application potentials of the drugs that have not yet entered clinical trials are also reviewed. The review also outlines the future directions of MM drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Ji Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Yingmiao Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
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4
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Li Q, Sun M, Meng Y, Feng M, Wang M, Chang C, Dong H, Bu F, Xu C, Liu J, Ling Q, Qiao Y, Chen J. Kinesin family member 18B activates mTORC1 signaling via actin gamma 1 to promote the recurrence of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:54. [PMID: 37957153 PMCID: PMC10643429 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is frequently reported to be hyperactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contributes to HCC recurrence. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of mTORC1 signaling in HCC are not fully understood. In the present study, we found that the expression of kinesin family member 18B (KIF18B) was positively correlated with mTORC1 signaling in HCC, and the upregulation of KIF18B and p-mTOR was associated with a poor prognosis and HCC recurrence. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo assays, we showed that KIF18B promoted HCC cell proliferation and migration through activating mTORC1 signaling. Mechanistically, we identified Actin gamma 1 (γ-Actin) as a binding partner of KIF18B. KIF18B and γ-Actin synergistically modulated lysosome positioning, promoted mTORC1 translocation to lysosome membrane, and prohibited p70 S6K from entering lysosomes for degradation, which finally led to the enhancement of mTORC1 signaling transduction. Moreover, we found that KIF18B was a direct target of Forkhead box M1, which explains the potential mechanism of KIF18B overexpression in HCC. Our study highlights the potential of KIF18B as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Mengqing Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Mengqing Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Menglan Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Cunjie Chang
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Heng Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fangtian Bu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Qi Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, P. R. China.
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
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5
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Li Y, Wang Z, Dong Y, Yu X, Lu J, Jin N, Shang C, Li X, Fan S. A novel antibody-KSP inhibitor conjugate improves KSP inhibitor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122258. [PMID: 37523792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical trials of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitors have failed due to issues such as high toxicity and a short circulation half-life in vivo. To address the limitations of current KSP inhibitors and thus broad its use in antitumor therapy, this study applied antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology to the KSP inhibitor SB-743921, which was coupled with the HER2-specific antibody trastuzumab using a cathepsin B-dependent valine-alanine (Val-Ala, VA) dipeptide-type linker to generate H2-921. Ex vivo and in vivo analyses of H2-921 showed an increased half-life of SB-743921 and prolonged contact time with tumor cells. Furthermore, H2-921 induced apoptosis and incomplete autophagy in HER2-positive cells. In the in vivo analyses, H2-921 had significant tumor-targeting properties, and tumor inhibition by H2-921 was greater than that by traditional KSP inhibitors but similar to that by the positive control drug T-DM1. In conclusion, this study describes a novel application of ADC technology that enhances the antitumor effects of a KSP inhibitor and thus may effectively address the poor clinical efficacy of KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchao Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Shiyong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
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Griger J, Widholz SA, Jesinghaus M, de Andrade Krätzig N, Lange S, Engleitner T, Montero JJ, Zhigalova E, Öllinger R, Suresh V, Winkler W, Lier S, Baranov O, Trozzo R, Ben Khaled N, Chakraborty S, Yu J, Konukiewitz B, Steiger K, Pfarr N, Rajput A, Sailer D, Keller G, Schirmacher P, Röcken C, Fagerstedt KW, Mayerle J, Schmidt-Supprian M, Schneider G, Weichert W, Calado DP, Sommermann T, Klöppel G, Rajewsky K, Saur D, Rad R. An integrated cellular and molecular model of gastric neuroendocrine cancer evolution highlights therapeutic targets. Cancer Cell 2023:S1535-6108(23)00208-8. [PMID: 37352862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (G-NEC) are aggressive malignancies with poorly understood biology and a lack of disease models. Here, we use genome sequencing to characterize the genomic landscapes of human G-NEC and its histologic variants. We identify global and subtype-specific alterations and expose hitherto unappreciated gains of MYC family members in a large part of cases. Genetic engineering and lineage tracing in mice delineate a model of G-NEC evolution, which defines MYC as a critical driver and positions the cancer cell of origin to the neuroendocrine compartment. MYC-driven tumors have pronounced metastatic competence and display defined signaling addictions, as revealed by large-scale genetic and pharmacologic screening of cell lines and organoid resources. We create global maps of G-NEC dependencies, highlight critical vulnerabilities, and validate therapeutic targets, including candidates for clinical drug repurposing. Our study gives comprehensive insights into G-NEC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Griger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Widholz
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Philipps University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany; Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas de Andrade Krätzig
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lange
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Juan José Montero
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Zhigalova
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Veveeyan Suresh
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Winkler
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Svenja Lier
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Baranov
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Trozzo
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Najib Ben Khaled
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shounak Chakraborty
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Jiakun Yu
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ashish Rajput
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - David Sailer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Gisela Keller
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | | | - Julia Mayerle
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Dinis P Calado
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Thomas Sommermann
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Günter Klöppel
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute for Experimental Cancer Therapy, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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7
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Kumar D, Kumar H, Kumar V, Deep A, Sharma A, Marwaha MG, Marwaha RK. Mechanism-based approaches of 1,3,4 thiadiazole scaffolds as potent enzyme inhibitors for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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8
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Recent Advances in the Applications of Small Molecules in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032645. [PMID: 36768967 PMCID: PMC9917049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic neoplasm of plasma cells, has undergone remarkable changes over the past 25 years. Small molecules (molecular weight of less than one kDa), together with newer immunotherapies that include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and most recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, have combined to double the disease's five-year survival rate to over 50% during the past few decades. Despite these advances, the disease is still considered incurable, and its treatment continues to pose substantial challenges, since therapeutic refractoriness and patient relapse are exceedingly common. This review focuses on the current pipeline, along with the contemporary roles and future prospects for small molecules in MM therapy. While small molecules offer prospective benefits in terms of oral bioavailability, cellular penetration, simplicity of preparation, and improved cost-benefit considerations, they also pose problems of toxicity due to off-target effects. Highlighted in the discussion are recent developments in the applications of alkylating agents, immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, kinesin spindle protein inhibitors, blockers of nuclear transport, and drugs that affect various kinases involved in intracellular signaling pathways. Molecular and cellular targets are described for each class of agents in relation to their roles as drivers of MM.
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Chamariya R, Suvarna V. Role of KSP inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutics: an update. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2517-2538. [PMID: 35043768 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220119093105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the growing discovery of anticancer treatments, targeting cancer-specific pathways, cytotoxic therapy still maintained its abundant clinical significance based on the fact that tumours harbour a greater population of actively dividing cells than normal tissues. Conventional anti-mitotic agents or microtubule poisons acting on the major mitotic spindle protein tubulin have been effectively used in clinical settings for cancer chemotherapy over the last three decades. However, use of these drugs is associated with limited clinical utility due to serious side effects such as debilitating and dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, drug resistance and allergic reactions. Therefore, research initiatives have been undertaken to develop novel microtubule motor proteins inhibitors that can potentially circumvent the limitations associated with conventional microtubule poisons. Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP) belonging to the kinesin-5 family play a crucial role during mitosis and unregulated cell proliferation. Several evidences from preclinical studies and different phases of clinical trials have presented kinesin spindle protein as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. kinesin spindle protein inhibitors causing mitosis disruption without interfering with microtubule dynamics in non-dividing cells offer a potential therapeutic alternative for the management of several major cancer types and are devoid of side effects associated with classical anti-mitotic drugs. This review summarizes recent data highlighting progress in the discovery of targeted KSP inhibitors and presents the development of scaffolds, structure-activity relationships, and outcomes of biological, and enzyme inhibition studies. We reviewed the recent literature reports published over last decade, using various electronic database searches such as PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Clinical trial data till 2021 was retrieved from ClinicalTrial.gov. Major chemical classes developed as selective KSP inhibitors include dihydropyrimidines, β-carbolines, carbazoles, benzimidazoles, fused aryl derivatives, pyrimidines, fused pyrimidines, quinazolines, quinolones, thiadiazolines, spiropyran and azobenzenes. Drugs such as filanesib, litronesib, ispinesib have entered clinical trials, the most advanced phase explored being Phase II. KSP inhibitors have exhibited promising results; however, continued exploration is greatly required to establish the clinical potential of KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkal Chamariya
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400056, Maharashtra, India
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Pan D, Kaufman JL, Htut M, Agrawal M, Mazumder A, Cornell RF, Zonder JA, Fay JW, Modiano MR, Moshier EL, Rush SA, Tunquist BJ, Chari A. Filanesib plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory t(11;14) and 1q21 gain multiple myeloma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:358-370. [PMID: 34921527 PMCID: PMC8729045 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Filanesib is a first-in-class kinesin spindle protein inhibitor which demonstrated safety and encouraging activity in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in a preliminary analysis of dose-escalation phase results. This multicenter study included first a dose-escalation phase to determine maximum tolerated dose of two schedules of filanesib, bortezomib, and dexamethasone and a subsequent dose-expansion phase using the maximum tolerated doses. In the dose-expansion phase, 28 patients were evaluable for safety and efficacy. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were neutropenia (21%) and anemia (18%), which were noncumulative and reversible, and hypertension (18%). The overall response rate was 43% with median duration of response not yet reached (range, 2.8-23.7+ months) with median follow-up of 6.3 months. A post hoc analysis incorporated 29 dose-escalation phase patients who received therapeutic filanesib doses, with an overall response rate of 39% and median duration of response of 18.0 months among the 57 total patients with median progression-free survival of 8.5 months. Notably, the PFS of high risk patients was comparable at 8.5 months, driven by the patients with 1q21 gain, characterized by increased MCL-1 expression, with a PFS of 9.1 months versus 3.5 months for the remainder of high risk patients. Patients with t(11;14) also had an encouraging PFS of 15.0 months. The combination of filanesib, bortezomib, and dexamethasone continues to show safety and encouraging activity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, particularly in those patients with 1q21 gain and t(11;14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Pan
- Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Myo Htut
- City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph W. Fay
- Texas Oncology Baylor Charles A Sammons Cancer CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | | | - Erin L. Moshier
- Department of Population Health Science and PolicyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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11
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Aksenova AY, Zhuk AS, Lada AG, Zotova IV, Stepchenkova EI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Pavlov YI. Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5949. [PMID: 34885058 PMCID: PMC8656811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory “Computer Technologies”, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem G. Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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12
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Bobin A, Gruchet C, Guidez S, Gardeney H, Nsiala Makunza L, Vonfeld M, Lévy A, Cailly L, Sabirou F, Systchenko T, Moya N, Leleu X. Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5210. [PMID: 34680358 PMCID: PMC8534104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel treatments are needed to address the lack of options for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Even though immunotherapy-based treatments have revolutionized the field in recent years, offering new opportunities for patients, there is still no curative therapy. Thus, non-immunologic agents, which have proven effective for decades, are still central to the treatment of multiple myeloma, especially for advanced disease. Building on their efficacy in myeloma, the development of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs has been pursued, and has led to the emergence of a novel generation of agents (e.g., carfilzomib, ixazomib, pomalidomide). The use of alkylating agents is decreasing in most treatment regimens, but melflufen, a peptide-conjugated alkylator with a completely new mechanism of action, offers interesting opportunities. Moreover, with the identification of novel targets, new drug classes have entered the myeloma armamentarium, such as XPO1 inhibitors (selinexor), HDAC inhibitors (panobinostat), and anti-BCL-2 agents (venetoclax). New pathways are still being explored, especially the possibility of a mutation-driven strategy, as biomarkers and targeted treatments are increasing. Though multiple myeloma is still considered incurable, the treatment options are expanding and are progressively becoming more diverse, largely because of the continuous development of non-immunologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bobin
- Department of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France; (C.G.); (S.G.); (H.G.); (L.N.M.); (M.V.); (A.L.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (T.S.); (N.M.); (X.L.)
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13
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Masanas M, Masiá N, Suárez‐Cabrera L, Olivan M, Soriano A, Majem B, Devis‐Jauregui L, Burgos‐Panadero R, Jiménez C, Rodriguez‐Sodupe P, Boloix A, Toledano I, Guillén G, Navarro A, Llobet‐Navas D, Villanueva A, Sánchez de Toledo J, Roma J, Noguera R, Moreno L, Krauss R, Gallego S, Santamaria A, Segura MF. The oral KIF11 inhibitor 4SC-205 exhibits antitumor activity and potentiates standard and targeted therapies in primary and metastatic neuroblastoma models. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e533. [PMID: 34709738 PMCID: PMC8516339 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Masanas
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Nuria Masiá
- Cell Cycle and Cancer LaboratoryBiomedical Research Group in UrologyVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Leticia Suárez‐Cabrera
- Cell Cycle and Cancer LaboratoryBiomedical Research Group in UrologyVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Cell Cycle and Cancer LaboratoryBiomedical Research Group in UrologyVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
- Translational Oncology LaboratoryAnatomy UnitDepartment of Pathology and Experimental TherapySchool of MedicineUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Aroa Soriano
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Blanca Majem
- Cell Cycle and Cancer LaboratoryBiomedical Research Group in UrologyVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Devis‐Jauregui
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Rebeca Burgos‐Panadero
- Group of Translational Research in Pediatric Solid Tumors Department of PathologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Valencia‐INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
- Low Prevalence Tumors. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Ariadna Boloix
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ignasi Toledano
- Cell Cycle and Cancer LaboratoryBiomedical Research Group in UrologyVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Gabriela Guillén
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of SurgeryUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexandra Navarro
- Department of PathologyVall d'Hebron University HospitalUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Llobet‐Navas
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
- Low Prevalence Tumors. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Group of Chemoresistance and Predictive FactorsSubprogram Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)ICOOncobell ProgramIDIBELLL'Hospitalet del LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Xenopat S.L., Business BioincubatorBellvitge Health Science CampusBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep Sánchez de Toledo
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep Roma
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Group of Translational Research in Pediatric Solid Tumors Department of PathologyMedical SchoolUniversity of Valencia‐INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
- Low Prevalence Tumors. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Lucas Moreno
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology DepartmentHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Soledad Gallego
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology DepartmentHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Cell Cycle and Cancer LaboratoryBiomedical Research Group in UrologyVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miguel F. Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent CancerVall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) ‐ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
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Eg5 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071698. [PMID: 34359867 PMCID: PMC8303881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinesin Eg5, a mitosis-associated protein, is overexpressed in many cancers. Here we explored the clinical significance of Eg5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS HCC tissues from surgical resection were collected. Total RNA was prepared from tumorous and nontumorous parts. Eg5 expression levels were correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In vitro efficacy of LGI-147, a specific Eg5 inhibitor, was tested in HCC cell lines. In vivo efficacy of Eg5 inhibition was investigated in a xenograft model. RESULTS A total of 108 HCC samples were included. The patients were divided into three tertile groups with high, medium, and low Eg5 expression levels. OS of patients with low Eg5 expression was better than that of patients with medium and high Eg5 expression (median, 155.6 vs. 75.3 vs. 57.7 months, p = 0.002). DFS of patients with low Eg5 expression was also better than that of patients with medium and high Eg5 expression (median, 126.3 vs. 46.2 vs. 39.4 months, p = 0.001). In multivariate analyses, the associations between Eg5 expression and OS (p < 0.001) or DFS remained (p < 0.001). LGI-147 reduced cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and induced accumulation of abnormal mitotic cells. In the xenograft model, the tumor growth rate under LGI-147 treatment was significantly slower than under the control. CONCLUSION High Eg5 expression was associated with poor HCC prognosis. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that Eg5 may be a reasonable therapeutic target for HCC.
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Novais P, Silva PMA, Amorim I, Bousbaa H. Second-Generation Antimitotics in Cancer Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1011. [PMID: 34371703 PMCID: PMC8309102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis represents a promising target to block cancer cell proliferation. Classical antimitotics, mainly microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, are amongst the most successful anticancer drugs. By disrupting microtubules, they activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which induces a prolonged delay in mitosis, expected to induce cell death. However, resistance, toxicity, and slippage limit the MTA's effectiveness. With the desire to overcome some of the MTA's limitations, mitotic and SAC components have attracted great interest as promising microtubule-independent targets, leading to the so-called second-generation antimitotics (SGAs). The identification of inhibitors against most of these targets, and the promising outcomes achieved in preclinical assays, has sparked the interest of academia and industry. Many of these inhibitors have entered clinical trials; however, they exhibited limited efficacy as monotherapy, and failed to go beyond phase II trials. Combination therapies are emerging as promising strategies to give a second chance to these SGAs. Here, an updated view of the SGAs that reached clinical trials is here provided, together with future research directions, focusing on inhibitors that target the SAC components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Novais
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M. A. Silva
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
| | - Isabel Amorim
- GreenUPorto (Sustainable Agrifood Production) Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.N.); (P.M.A.S.)
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16
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Pandey H, Popov M, Goldstein-Levitin A, Gheber L. Mechanisms by Which Kinesin-5 Motors Perform Their Multiple Intracellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6420. [PMID: 34203964 PMCID: PMC8232732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar kinesin-5 motor proteins perform multiple intracellular functions, mainly during mitotic cell division. Their specialized structural characteristics enable these motors to perform their essential functions by crosslinking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules (MTs). In this review, we discuss the specialized structural features of kinesin-5 motors, and the mechanisms by which these features relate to kinesin-5 functions and motile properties. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of the kinesin-5 motors in dividing as well as in non-dividing cells, and examine their roles in pathogenetic conditions. We describe the recently discovered bidirectional motility in fungi kinesin-5 motors, and discuss its possible physiological relevance. Finally, we also focus on the multiple mechanisms of regulation of these unique motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.P.); (M.P.); (A.G.-L.)
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17
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Li Z, Yu B, Qi F, Li F. KIF11 Serves as an Independent Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Target for Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670218. [PMID: 33968780 PMCID: PMC8103954 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is challenging in clinical practice due to the poor understanding of molecular mechanisms and limited therapeutic targets. Herein, the work aimed to use bioinformatics to identify a promising molecular target for LUAD therapy. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were used for a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen the hub gene. After a prognostic estimation with meta-analysis and COX regression analysis, we performed a function analysis on the corresponding gene. The ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT methods were adopted to analyze the association of the hub gene with the tumor microenvironment (TME). A cohort of functional assays was conducted to establish the functional roles of the hub gene in A549 and PC-9 cells. Results Our screen identified KIF11 as a prognostic factor, which indicated the poor overall survival and the worse progression-free survival in LUAD patients. Additionally, KIF11 was primarily involved in cell cycle, TME alteration and tumor-infiltrating immune cells proportions. KIF11 knockdown exerted inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Results of the flow cytometry analysis revealed that KIF11 knockdown induced a G2/M phase arrest and improved apoptosis in LUAD cells. Conclusions KIF11 is essential for LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis, and it may serve as an independent prognostic factor as well as a promising therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingxin Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fangyuan Qi
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, China, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Materials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
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van Nieuwenhuijzen N, Frunt R, May AM, Minnema MC. Therapeutic outcome of early-phase clinical trials in multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 33649328 PMCID: PMC7921415 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been made due to the development of novel drugs. Patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) can be enrolled in early-phase clinical trials, but their performance across the last decade is unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis on the overall response rate (ORR) and toxicity. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for phase I and phase II trials investigating an experimental compound as a single agent or in combination with dexamethasone, published from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2020. Eighty-eight articles were included, describing 61 phase I trials involving 1835 patients and 37 phase II trials involving 2644 patients. There was a high degree of heterogeneity. Using a random-effects model, the 95% CIs of the estimated ORR were 8-17% for phase I trials and 18-28% for phase II trials. There were significant subgroup differences in ORR between the years of publication in phase I trials and between drug classes in both phase I and phase II trials. The ORR in early-phase clinical trials in RRMM is substantial, especially in phase II trials, but due to high heterogeneity a general assessment of clinical benefit before participation is difficult to offer to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Nieuwenhuijzen
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rowan Frunt
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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KIF11 inhibitors filanesib and ispinesib inhibit meningioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:1-10. [PMID: 33652084 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of aggressive meningiomas remains challenging due to a high rate of recurrence in higher-grade meningiomas, frequent subtotal resections, and the lack of effective systemic treatments. Substantial overexpression associated with a poor prognosis has been demonstrated for kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) in high-grade meningiomas. Due to anti-tumor activity for KIF11 inhibitors (KIF11i) filanesib and ispinesib in other cancer types, we sought to investigate their mode of action and efficacy for the treatment of aggressive meningiomas. Dose curve analysis of both KIF11i revealed IC50 values of less than 1 nM in anaplastic and benign meningioma cell lines. Both compounds induced G2/M arrest and subsequent subG1 increase in all cell lines. Profound induction of apoptosis was detected in the anaplastic cell lines determined by annexin V staining. KIF11i significantly inhibited meningioma growth in xenotransplanted mice by up to 83%. Furthermore, both drugs induced minor hematological side effects, which were less pronounced for filanesib. We identified substantial in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of the KIF11 inhibitors filanesib and ispinesib, with filanesib demonstrating better tolerability, suggesting future use of filanesib for the treatment of aggressive meningioma.
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Fukai R, Ogo N, Ichida T, Yamane M, Sawada JI, Miyoshi N, Murakami H, Asai A. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel prodrug, a S-trityl- l-cysteine derivative targeting kinesin spindle protein. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113288. [PMID: 33640763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) is expressed only in cells undergoing cell division, and hence represents an attractive target for the treatment of cancer. Several KSP inhibitors have been developed and undergone clinical trial, but their clinical use is limited by their toxicity to rapidly proliferating non-cancerous cells. To create new KSP inhibitors that are highly selective for cancer cells, we optimized the amino acid moiety of S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) derivative 1 using in silico modeling. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to investigate the binding mode of 1 with KSP. Consistent with the structure activity relationship studies, we found that a cysteine amino moiety plays an important role in stabilizing the interaction. Based on these findings and the structure of GSH, a substrate of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), we designed and synthesized the prodrug N-γ-glutamylated STLC derivative 9, which could be hydrolyzed by GGT to produce 1. The KSP ATPase inhibitory activity of 9 was lower than that of 1, and LC-MS analysis indicated that 9 was converted to 1 only in the presence of GGT in vitro. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of 9 was significantly attenuated in GGT-knockdown A549 cells. Since GGT is overexpressed on the cell membrane of various cancer cells, these results suggest that compound 9 could be a promising prodrug that selectively inhibits the proliferation of GGT-expressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Fukai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Taiki Ichida
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamane
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sawada
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nao Miyoshi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Belantamab Mafodotin to Treat Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review of Disease, Drug Efficacy and Side Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:640-660. [PMID: 33494319 PMCID: PMC7924384 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by excessive clonal proliferation of plasma cells. The treatment of multiple myeloma presents a variety of unique challenges due to the complex molecular pathophysiology and incurable status of the disease at this time. Given that MM is the second most common blood cancer with a characteristic and unavoidable relapse/refractory state during the course of the disease, the development of new therapeutic modalities is crucial. Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf, GSK2857916) is a first-in-class therapeutic, indicated for patients who have previously attempted four other treatments, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteosome inhibitor, and an immunomodulatory agent. In November 2017, the FDA designated belamaf as a breakthrough therapy for heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. In August 2020, the FDA granted accelerated approval as a monotherapy for relapsed or treatment-refractory multiple myeloma. The drug was also approved in the EU for this indication in late August 2020. Of note, belamaf is associated with the following adverse events: decreased platelets, corneal disease, decreased or blurred vision, anemia, infusion-related reactions, pyrexia, and fetal risk, among others. Further studies are necessary to evaluate efficacy in comparison to other standard treatment modalities and as future drugs in this class are developed.
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Garcia-Saez I, Skoufias DA. Eg5 targeting agents: From new anti-mitotic based inhibitor discovery to cancer therapy and resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114364. [PMID: 33310050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eg5, the product of Kif11 gene, also known as kinesin spindle protein, is a motor protein involved in the proper establishment of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Eg5 is one of the 45 different kinesins coded in the human genome of the kinesin motor protein superfamily. Over the last three decades Eg5 has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target. The identification of monastrol as specific inhibitor of the ATPase activity of the motor domain of Eg5 inhibiting the Eg5 microtubule motility in vitro and in cellulo sparked an intense interest in academia and industry to pursue the identification of novel small molecules that target Eg5 in order to be used in cancer chemotherapy based on the anti-mitotic strategy. Several Eg5 inhibitors entered clinical trials. Currently the field is faced with the problem that most of the inhibitors tested exhibited only limited efficacy. However, one Eg5 inhibitor, Arry-520 (clinical name filanesib), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma and is scheduled to enter phase III clinical trials. At the same time, new trends in Eg5 inhibitor research are emerging, including an increased interest in novel inhibitor binding sites and a focus on drug synergy with established antitumor agents to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This review presents an updated view of the structure and function of Eg5-inhibitor complexes, traces the possible development of resistance to Eg5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications, and surveys the current challenges and future directions of this active field in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Saez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitrios A Skoufias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
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IL3RA-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate BAY-943 with a Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitor Payload Shows Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113464. [PMID: 33233768 PMCID: PMC7709048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL3RA (CD123) is the alpha subunit of the interleukin 3 (IL-3) receptor, which regulates the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. IL3RA is frequently expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), presenting an opportunity to treat AML and HL with an IL3RA-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Here, we describe BAY-943 (IL3RA-ADC), a novel IL3RA-targeting ADC consisting of a humanized anti-IL3RA antibody conjugated to a potent proprietary kinesin spindle protein inhibitor (KSPi). In vitro, IL3RA-ADC showed potent and selective antiproliferative efficacy in a panel of IL3RA-expressing AML and HL cell lines. In vivo, IL3RA-ADC improved survival and reduced tumor burden in IL3RA-positive human AML cell line-derived (MOLM-13 and MV-4-11) as well as in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (AM7577 and AML11655) in mice. Furthermore, IL3RA-ADC induced complete tumor remission in 12 out of 13 mice in an IL3RA-positive HL cell line-derived xenograft model (HDLM-2). IL3RA-ADC was well-tolerated and showed no signs of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or liver toxicity in rats, or in cynomolgus monkeys when dosed up to 20 mg/kg. Overall, the preclinical results support the further development of BAY-943 as an innovative approach for the treatment of IL3RA-positive hematologic malignancies.
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Yang Y, Li Y, Gu H, Dong M, Cai Z. Emerging agents and regimens for multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:150. [PMID: 33168044 PMCID: PMC7654052 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) have been improved significantly with the therapies incorporating proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and stem cell transplantation. However, relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) remains a major challenge. Novel agents and regimens are under active clinical development. These include new PIs such as ixazomib, marizomib, and oprozomib; new MoAbs such as isatuximab and MOR202; novel epigenetic agent ricolinostat and novel cytokines such as siltuximab. Recently, the first XPO-1 inhibitor, selinexor, was approved for RRMM. BCMA-targeted BiTE, antibody-drug conjugates and CAR-T cells have the potential to revolutionize the therapy for RRMM. In this review, we summarized the latest clinical development of these novel agents and regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyao Gu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Bertamini L, Bonello F, Boccadoro M, Bringhen S. New drugs in early development for treating multiple myeloma: all that glitters is not gold. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:989-1004. [PMID: 32434394 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1772753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last twenty years have introduced new therapeutic agents for multiple myeloma (MM); these include proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMDs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, MM remains incurable, hence there is an unmet need for new agents for the treatment of advanced refractory disease. New agents could also be used in early lines to achieve improved, more sustained remission. AREAS COVERED We review the most promising agents investigated in early-phase trials for the treatment of MM and provide an emphasis on new agents directed against well-known targets (new PIs, IMDs and anti-CD38 mAbs). Drugs that work through distinct and numerous mechanisms of action (e.g. pro-apoptotic agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and innovative immunotherapeutic approaches are also described. The paper culminates with our perspective on therapeutic approaches on the horizon for this disease. EXPERT OPINION IMD iberdomide and the export protein inhibitor selinexor demonstrated efficacy in heavily pretreated patients who had no other therapeutic options. We expect that immunotherapy with anti-BCMA BTEs and ADCs will revolutionize the approach to treating the early stages of the disease. Data on venetoclax in t(11;14)-positive patients may pave the way for personalized therapy. Not all new agents under early clinical evaluation will be investigated in regulatory phase III trials; one of the most important challenges is to identify those that could make a difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bertamini
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonello
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Bringhen
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino, Italy
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Kaneko D, Ninomiya M, Yoshikawa R, Ono Y, Sonawane AD, Tanaka K, Nishina A, Koketsu M. Synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents via a hybrid pharmacophore approach. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104293. [PMID: 33010622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Imiquimod (1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine) is efficacious in topical therapy for certain types of skin cancers. Structurally similar EAPB0203 (N-methyl-1-(2-phenethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4-amine) has been shown higher in vitro potency than imiquimod. Besides, triazole, oxadiazole, and thiadiazole rings are privileged building blocks in drug design. A series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole and [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were therefore synthesized by incorporation of these rings into the structure of EAPB0203 and assessed their antiproliferative effects against various cancer cell lines. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives demonstrated the superior effectiveness compared to imiquimod and EAPB0203. Our findings highlight the excellent potential of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ninomiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Rina Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yukari Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Amol D Sonawane
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Division of Anaerobe Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medicinal Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Nishina
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Szeliga M. Thiadiazole derivatives as anticancer agents. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1079-1100. [PMID: 32880874 PMCID: PMC7550299 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In spite of substantial progress made toward understanding cancer pathogenesis, this disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, more effective anticancer therapeutics. Thiadiazole ring is a versatile scaffold widely studied in medicinal chemistry. Mesoionic character of this ring allows thiadiazole-containing compounds to cross cellular membrane and interact strongly with biological targets. Consequently, these compounds exert a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review presents the current state of knowledge on thiadiazole derivatives that demonstrate in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy across the cancer models with an emphasis on targets of action. The influence of the substituent on the compounds' activity is depicted. Furthermore, the results from clinical trials assessing thiadiazole-containing drugs in cancer patients are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ocio EM, Motlló C, Rodríguez-Otero P, Martínez-López J, Cejalvo MJ, Martín-Sánchez J, Bladé J, García-Malo MD, Dourdil MV, García-Mateo A, de Arriba F, García-Sanz R, de la Rubia J, Oriol A, Lahuerta JJ, San-Miguel JF, Mateos MV. Filanesib in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in refractory MM patients: safety and efficacy, and association with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) levels. Phase Ib/II Pomdefil clinical trial conducted by the Spanish MM group. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:522-530. [PMID: 32501528 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This phase I/II trial evaluated the combination of the kinesin spindle protein inhibitor filanesib with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. Forty-seven RRMM patients with a median of three prior lines (2-8) and 94% refractory to lenalidomide were included: 14 in phase I and 33 in phase II. The recommended dose was 1·25 mg/m2 of filanesib on days 1, 2, 15, 16, with pomalidomide 4 mg on days 1-21 and dexamethasone 40 mg weekly. The defined threshold for success was achieved, with 18 out of 31 patients obtaining at least minor response (MR) in the phase II. In the global population, 51% of patients achieved at least partial response (PR) and 60% ≥MR, resulting in a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of seven months and overall survival (OS) of 19 months. The main toxicity was haematological. Importantly, patients with low serum levels of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) at baseline (<800 mg/l) had a superior response (overall response rate of 62% vs. 17%; P = 0·04), which also translated into a longer mPFS (9 vs. 2 months; P = 0·014). In summary, filanesib with pomalidomide and dexamethasone is active in RRMM although with significant haematological toxicity. Most importantly, high levels of AAG can identify patients unlikely to respond to this strategy. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02384083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Ocio
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Motlló
- ICO Badalona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Mª José Cejalvo
- Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset. Departamento de Medicina Interna y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Joan Bladé
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (IBSAL) y Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier de la Rubia
- Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset. Departamento de Medicina Interna y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Oriol
- ICO Badalona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - María-Victoria Mateos
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (IBSAL) y Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBMCC-CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Warda K, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Grzanka A, Grzanka D. Mechanism of mitotic catastrophe and its role in anticancer therapy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of mitotic catastrophe has been the subject of scientific discussion for over a decade. Initially, it was thought that mitotic catastrophe is one of the types of cell death occurring during aberrant mitosis. A number of studies carried out in recent years allowed for a better understanding of the function of this process. According to the definition proposed by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death in 2018, mitotic catastrophe is an oncosuppressive mechanism that inhibits the proliferation and/or survival of cells that are unable to complete mitosis by inducing cell death or initiating cellular senescence. Mitotic catastrophe is recognized based on unique nuclear changes, the presence of abnormal mitotic figures and several molecular alterations. It is believed that avoiding mitotic catastrophe by genetically unstable cells promotes their unlimited growth, which can lead to cancer transformation. Therefore, the induction of mitotic catastrophe seems to be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, despite the significant role of this process, the molecular events between aberrant mitosis and cell death are still not well understood. It can be assumed that a thorough understanding of signaling pathways linking mitotic catastrophe with cell death will enable the effective use of known inducers of mitotic catastrophe in the treatment of cancer and provide new therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to present a morphological and functional definition of mitotic catastrophe and its potential role in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Warda
- Katedra Histologii i Embriologii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Katedra Histologii i Embriologii, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Katedra Patomorfologii Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
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Li Z, Guo SL, Wang WL. Efficacy of ixazomib for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20211. [PMID: 32443346 PMCID: PMC7253538 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past years, ixazomib has been increasingly explored for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, its results are still contradictory. This study will explore the efficacy and safety of ixazomib for patients with RRMM. METHODS A systematic records search of Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, ACMD, PsycINFO, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be carried out from their origin to March 31, 2020 with no limitations of language and publication status. Trials will be selected by titles/abstracts, and full manuscripts by 2 independent authors. Data collection will be carried out from eligible trials based on the previous designed criteria. Study quality will be checked using Cochrane risk of bias, and statistical analysis will be administered by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS This study will summarize the current high-quality trials investigating the efficacy and safety of ixazomib for the treatment of patients with RRMM. CONCLUSION The results of this study may provide convinced evidence on the evidence-based medicine level, and guidance for clinical practice and future studies. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202040027.
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Li TF, Zeng HJ, Shan Z, Ye RY, Cheang TY, Zhang YJ, Lu SH, Zhang Q, Shao N, Lin Y. Overexpression of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:123. [PMID: 32322170 PMCID: PMC7161125 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin superfamily (KIFs) has a long-reported significant influence on the initiation, development, and progress of breast cancer. However, the prognostic value of whole family members was poorly done. Our study intends to demonstrate the value of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers as well as a therapeutic target of breast cancer. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were done using data from TCGA, GEO, METABRIC, and GTEx. LASSO regression was done to select tumor-related members. Nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients. Expression profiles were testified by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Transcription factor, GO and KEGG enrichments were done to explore regulatory mechanism and functions. RESULTS A total of 20 differentially expressed KIFs were identified between breast cancer and normal tissue with 4 (KIF17, KIF26A, KIF7, KIFC3) downregulated and 16 (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF20B, KIF22, KIF23, KIF24, KIF26B, KIF2C, KIF3B, KIF4A, KIFC1) overexpressed. Among which, 11 overexpressed KIFs (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF23, KIF2C, KIF4A, KIFC1) significantly correlated with worse OS, relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer. A 6-KIFs-based risk score (KIF10, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF4A) was generated by LASSO regression with a nomogram validated an accurate predictive efficacy. Both mRNA and protein expression of KIFs are experimentally demonstrated upregulated in breast cancer patients. Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) was identified as transcription factors of KIFs in breast cancer. GO and KEGG enrichments revealed functions and pathways affected in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Overexpression of tumor-related KIFs correlate with worse outcomes of breast cancer patients and can work as potential prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Hui-Juan Zeng
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhen Shan
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Run-Yi Ye
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Tuck-Yun Cheang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yun-Jian Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Si-Hong Lu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Nan Shao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Beksac M, Balli S, Akcora Yildiz D. Drug Targeting of Genomic Instability in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2020; 11:228. [PMID: 32373151 PMCID: PMC7179656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability can be observed at both chromosomal and chromatin levels. Instability at the macro level includes centrosome abnormalities (CA) resulting in numerical as well as structural chromosomal changes, whereas instability at the micro level is characterized by defects in DNA repair pathways resulting in microsatellite instability (MIN) or mutations. Genomic instability occurs during carcinogenesis without impairing survival and growth, though the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Solid tumors arising from most cells of epithelial origin are characterized by genomic instability which renders them resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This instability is also observed in 25% of myeloma patients and has been shown to be highly prognostic, independently of the international staging system (ISS). However, a biomarker of aberrant DNA repair and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), was only observed at a frequency of 5% in newly diagnosed patients. Several new molecules targeting the pathways involved in genomic instability are under development and some have already entered clinical trials. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) inhibitors have been FDA-approved for the treatment of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)-mutated metastatic breast cancer, as well as ovarian and lung cancer. Topoisomerase inhibitors and epigenetic histone modification-targeting inhibitors, such as HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) inhibitors which are novel agents that can target genomic instability. Several of the small molecule inhibitors targeting chromosomal level instability such as PARP, Akt, Aurora kinase, cyclin dependent kinase or spindle kinase inhibitors have been tested in mouse models and early phase I/II trials. ATM, ATR kinase inhibitors and DNA helicase inhibitors are also promising novel agents. However, most of these drugs are not effective as single agents but appear to act synergistically with DNA damaging agents such as radiotherapy, platinum derivatives, immunomodulators, and proteasome inhibitors. In this review, new drugs targeting genomic instability and their mechanisms of action will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Balli
- Kars Selim Public Hospital, Internal Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Dilara Akcora Yildiz
- Department of Biology, Science & Art Faculty, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Terribas E, Fernández M, Mazuelas H, Fernández-Rodríguez J, Biayna J, Blanco I, Bernal G, Ramos-Oliver I, Thomas C, Guha R, Zhang X, Gel B, Romagosa C, Ferrer M, Lázaro C, Serra E. KIF11 and KIF15 mitotic kinesins are potential therapeutic vulnerabilities for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:i62-i74. [PMID: 32642733 PMCID: PMC7317059 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) constitutes the leading cause of neurofibromatosis type 1–related mortality. MPNSTs contain highly rearranged hyperploid genomes and exhibit a high division rate and aggressiveness. We have studied in vitro whether the mitotic kinesins KIF11, KIF15, and KIF23 have a functional role in maintaining MPNST cell survival and can represent potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. Methods We studied the expression of kinesin mRNAs and proteins in tumors and cell lines and used several in vitro functional assays to analyze the impact of kinesin genetic suppression (KIF15, KIF23) and drug inhibition (KIF11) in MPNST cells. We also performed in vitro combined treatments targeting KIF11 together with other described MPNST targets. Results The studied kinesins were overexpressed in MPNST samples. KIF15 and KIF23 were required for the survival of MPNST cell lines, which were also more sensitive than benign control fibroblasts to the KIF11 inhibitors ispinesib and ARRY-520. Co-targeting KIF11 and BRD4 with ARRY-520 and JQ1 reduced MPNST cell viability, synergistically killing a much higher proportion of MPNST cells than control fibroblasts. In addition, genetic suppression of KIF15 conferred an increased sensitivity to KIF11 inhibitors alone or in combination with JQ1. Conclusions The mitotic spindle kinesins KIF11 and KIF15 and the cytokinetic kinesin KIF23 play a clear role in maintaining MPNST cell survival and may represent potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. Although further in vivo evidences are still mandatory, we propose a simultaneous suppression of KIF11, KIF15, and BRD4 as a potential therapy for MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Terribas
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Fernández
- Cytometry Core Facility, Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Mazuelas
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Fernández-Rodríguez
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Biayna
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Bernal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Ramos-Oliver
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Craig Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajiv Guha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernat Gel
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cleofé Romagosa
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Chemical Genomics Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL-ONCOBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Serra
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias & Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Algarín EM, Hernández-García S, Garayoa M, Ocio EM. Filanesib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:5-14. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Hernández-García
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Gannon BM, Glesby MJ, Finkelstein JL, Raj T, Erickson D, Mehta S. A point-of-care assay for alpha-1-acid glycoprotein as a diagnostic tool for rapid, mobile-based determination of inflammation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 1:41-48. [PMID: 32342042 PMCID: PMC7185229 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a key component of immune response to infections and pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammatory biomarkers, including alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), are considered prognostic tools for predicting risk, monitoring response to therapy, and adjusting nutritional biomarkers for accurate interpretation. Serum is considered a primary source of biomarkers; urine and saliva are increasingly being explored and utilized as rapidly accessible, noninvasive biofluids requiring minimal sample processing and posing fewer biohazard risks. METHODS A lateral flow immunoassay was developed for an established mobile-based platform to quantify AGP in human serum, urine, and saliva. Assay performance was assessed with purified AGP in buffer, diluted human serum samples (n = 16) banked from a trial in people living with HIV, and saliva and urine (n = 15 each) from healthy participants. Reference methods were conventional clinical chemistry analyzer or commercial ELISA. Bootstrap analysis was used to train and validate sample calibration. FINDINGS The correlation between the assay and reference method for serum was 0.97 (P < 0.001). Mean (95% CI) best fit line slope was 1.0 (0.88, 1.15) and intercept was -0.003 (-0.08, 0.09). The correlation for urine was 0.93, and for saliva was 0.97 (both P < 0.001). The median CV for the LFIA for AGP in buffer was 13.2% and for all samples was 28.7%. INTERPRETATION The performance of the assay indicated potential use as a rapid, low sample volume input, and easy method to quantify AGP that can be licensed and adopted by commercial manufacturers for regulatory approvals and production. This has future applications for determining inflammatory status either alone or in conjunction with other inflammatory proteins such as C-reactive protein for prognostic, monitoring, or nutritional status applications, including large-scale country level surveys conducted by the DHS and those recommended by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Gannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tony Raj
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - David Erickson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology (INSiGHT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Lee HC, Shah JJ, Feng L, Manasanch EE, Lu R, Morphey A, Crumpton B, Patel KK, Wang ML, Alexanian R, Thomas SK, Weber DM, Orlowski RZ. A phase 1 study of filanesib, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:80. [PMID: 31575851 PMCID: PMC6773683 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Lee
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Lei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elisabet E Manasanch
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Lu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Morphey
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Crumpton
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krina K Patel
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael L Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Alexanian
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheeba K Thomas
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Weber
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Indorato RL, Talapatra SK, Lin F, Haider S, Mackay SP, Kozielski F, Skoufias DA. Is the Fate of Clinical Candidate Arry-520 Already Sealed? Predicting Resistance in Eg5–Inhibitor Complexes. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2394-2406. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Identification of KIF11 As a Novel Target in Meningioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040545. [PMID: 30991738 PMCID: PMC6521001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesins play an important role in many physiological functions including intracellular vesicle transport and mitosis. The emerging role of kinesins in different cancers led us to investigate the expression and functional role of kinesins in meningioma. Therefore, we re-analyzed our previous microarray dataset of benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas (n = 62) and got evidence for differential expression of five kinesins (KIFC1, KIF4A, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A). Further validation in an extended study sample (n = 208) revealed a significant upregulation of these genes in WHO°I to °III meningiomas (WHO°I n = 61, WHO°II n = 88, and WHO°III n = 59), which was most pronounced in clinically more aggressive tumors of the same WHO grade. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed a WHO grade-associated upregulated protein expression in meningioma tissues. Furthermore, high mRNA expression levels of KIFC1, KIF11, KIF14 and KIF20A were associated with shorter progression-free survival. On a functional level, knockdown of kinesins in Ben-Men-1 cells and in the newly established anaplastic meningioma cell line NCH93 resulted in a significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation upon siRNA-mediated downregulation of KIF11 in both cell lines by up to 95% and 71%, respectively. Taken together, in this study we were able to identify the prognostic and functional role of several kinesin family members of which KIF11 exhibits the most promising properties as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target, which may offer new treatment options for aggressive meningiomas.
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Zhou R, Fang S, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Hu J, Wang M, Wang C, Zhu J, Shen A, Chen X, Zheng C. Design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of novel Bcl-2/HDAC dual-target inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:349-352. [PMID: 30594434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy. Almost all patients with MM eventually relapse, and most recommended treatment protocols for the patients with relapsed refractory MM comprise a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Therefore novel drugs are in urgent need in clinic. Bcl-2 inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors were proved their anti-MM effect in clinic or under clinical trials, and they were further discovered to have synergistic interactions. In this study, a series of Bcl-2/HDAC dual-target inhibitors were designed and synthesized. Among them, compounds 7e-7g showed good inhibitory activities against HDAC6 and high binding affinities to Bcl-2 protein simultaneously. They also displayed good growth inhibitory activities against human MM cell line RPMI-8226, which proved their potential value for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Zhou
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaoyu Fang
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingsen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ju Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Aijun Shen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Canhui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Lang PY, Gershon TR. A New Way to Treat Brain Tumors: Targeting Proteins Coded by Microcephaly Genes?: Brain tumors and microcephaly arise from opposing derangements regulating progenitor growth. Drivers of microcephaly could be attractive brain tumor targets. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700243. [PMID: 29577351 PMCID: PMC5910257 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New targets for brain tumor therapies may be identified by mutations that cause hereditary microcephaly. Brain growth depends on the repeated proliferation of stem and progenitor cells. Microcephaly syndromes result from mutations that specifically impair the ability of brain progenitor or stem cells to proliferate, by inducing either premature differentiation or apoptosis. Brain tumors that derive from brain progenitor or stem cells may share many of the specific requirements of their cells of origin. These tumors may therefore be susceptible to disruptions of the protein products of genes that are mutated in microcephaly. The potential for the products of microcephaly genes to be therapeutic targets in brain tumors are highlighted hereby reviewing research on EG5, KIF14, ASPM, CDK6, and ATR. Treatments that disrupt these proteins may open new avenues for brain tumor therapy that have increased efficacy and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y. Lang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Timothy R. Gershon
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV. The multiple myelomas — current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 15:409-421. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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