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Sohn SK, Lee JM, Jang Y, Lee Y, Na J, Cho HJ, Moon JH, Baek DW. Is intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation mandatory for curing Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young patients in the era of multitarget agents? Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:353-359. [PMID: 38755522 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2357273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment outcomes for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) have improved with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and bispecific T-cell engagers. Although allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the standard treatment for young patients with Ph+ALL, its role remains debatable in the era of TKIs and blinatumomab. AREAS COVERED There are some issues regarding Ph+ALL. First, do young patients require intensive chemotherapy (IC) in the era of multitarget agents? Second, which TKI is preferred for frontline therapy? Third, should allo-SCT be performed in patients achieving complete remission with ponatinib and IC? Fourth, can chemo-free treatment lead to a cure without allo-SCT? We searched relevant literature from the last 30 years on PubMed; reviewed the role of chemo-free therapies and combinations of ponatinib and IC; and assessed the necessity of allo-SCT in young patients with Ph+ALL. EXPERT OPINION Allo-SCT may not be needed, even in young patients with Ph+ALL treated with ponatinib-based IC or combined ponatinib and blinatumomab as frontline therapy. When adopting a ponatinib-based chemo-minimized regimen for induction, allo-SCT is needed with posttransplant ponatinib maintenance. Continuous exposure to ponatinib at pre- or post-transplant is regarded as one of the most important factor for the success of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyun Sohn
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Jang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yunji Lee
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Na
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cho
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Won Baek
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Loer HLH, Kovar C, Rüdesheim S, Marok FZ, Fuhr LM, Selzer D, Schwab M, Lehr T. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib for drug-drug interaction predictions. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:926-940. [PMID: 38482980 PMCID: PMC11179706 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib has revolutionized the development of targeted cancer therapy and remains among the frontline treatments, for example, against chronic myeloid leukemia. As a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, CYP3A4, and various transporters, imatinib is highly susceptible to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when co-administered with corresponding perpetrator drugs. Additionally, imatinib and its main metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib (NDMI) act as inhibitors of CYP2C8, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 affecting their own metabolism as well as the exposure of co-medications. This work presents the development of a parent-metabolite whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for imatinib and NDMI used for the investigation and prediction of different DDI scenarios centered around imatinib as both a victim and perpetrator drug. Model development was performed in PK-Sim® using a total of 60 plasma concentration-time profiles of imatinib and NDMI in healthy subjects and cancer patients. Metabolism of both compounds was integrated via CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, with imatinib additionally transported via P-glycoprotein. The subsequently developed DDI network demonstrated good predictive performance. DDIs involving imatinib and NDMI were simulated with perpetrator drugs rifampicin, ketoconazole, and gemfibrozil as well as victim drugs simvastatin and metoprolol. Overall, 12/12 predicted DDI area under the curve determined between first and last plasma concentration measurements (AUClast) ratios and 12/12 predicted DDI maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) ratios were within twofold of the respective observed ratios. Potential applications of the final model include model-informed drug development or the support of model-informed precision dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Kovar
- Clinical PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch‐Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
| | - Simeon Rüdesheim
- Clinical PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch‐Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch‐Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180), Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor TherapiesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Clinical PharmacySaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
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Li Y, Yuan S, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhang P, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Deng J, Lou S. Long non-coding RNA PXN-AS1 promotes glutamine synthetase-mediated chronic myeloid leukemia BCR::ABL1-independent resistance to Imatinib via cell cycle signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:186. [PMID: 38811958 PMCID: PMC11138077 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common hematological malignancy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent the primary therapeutic approach for CML. Activation of metabolism signaling pathway has been connected with BCR::ABL1-independent TKIs resistance in CML cells. However, the specific mechanism by which metabolism signaling mediates this drug resistance remains unclear. Here, we identified one relationship between glutamine synthetase (GS) and BCR::ABL1-independent Imatinib resistance in CML cells. METHODS GS and PXN-AS1 in bone marrow samples of CML patients with Imatinib resistance (IR) were screened and detected by whole transcriptome sequencing. GS expression was upregulated using LVs and blocked using shRNAs respectively, then GS expression, Gln content, and cell cycle progression were respectively tested. The CML IR mice model were established by tail vein injection, prognosis of CML IR mice model were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, the ratio of spleen/body weight, HE staining, and IHC. PXN-AS1 level was blocked using shRNAs, and the effects of PXN-AS1 on CML IR cells in vitro and in vivo were tested the same as GS. Several RNA-RNA tools were used to predict the potential target microRNAs binding to both GS and PXN-AS1. RNA mimics and RNA inhibitors were used to explore the mechanism through which PXN-AS1 regulates miR-635 or miR-635 regulates GS. RESULTS GS was highly expressed in the bone marrow samples of CML patients with Imatinib resistance. In addition, the lncRNA PXN-AS1 was found to mediate GS expression and disorder cell cycle in CML IR cells via mTOR signaling pathway. PXN-AS1 regulated GS expression by binding to miR-635. Additionally, knockdown of PXN-AS1 attenuated BCR::ABL1-independent Imatinib resistance in CML cells via PXN-AS1/miR-635/GS/Gln/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Thus, PXN-AS1 promotes GS-mediated BCR::ABL1-independent Imatinib resistance in CML cells via cell cycle signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shiyi Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400316, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wenrui Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Jianchuan Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Shifeng Lou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Roskoski R. Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors: A 2024 update. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107059. [PMID: 38216005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the dysregulation of protein kinase activity in many diseases including cancer, this enzyme family has become one of the most important drug targets in the 21st century. There are 80 FDA-approved therapeutic agents that target about two dozen different protein kinases and seven of these drugs were approved in 2023. Of the approved drugs, thirteen target protein-serine/threonine protein kinases, four are directed against dual specificity protein kinases (MEK1/2), twenty block nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and 43 inhibit receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. The data indicate that 69 of these drugs are prescribed for the treatment of neoplasms. Six drugs (abrocitinib, baricitinib, deucravacitinib, ritlecitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib) are used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and ulcerative colitis). Of the 80 approved drugs, nearly two dozen are used in the treatment of multiple diseases. The following seven drugs received FDA approval in 2023: capivasertib (HER2-positive breast cancer), fruquintinib (metastatic colorectal cancer), momelotinib (myelofibrosis), pirtobrutinib (mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma), quizartinib (Flt3-mutant acute myelogenous leukemia), repotrectinib (ROS1-positive lung cancer), and ritlecitinib (alopecia areata). All of the FDA-approved drugs are orally effective with the exception of netarsudil, temsirolimus, and trilaciclib. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of all 80 FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors including the molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, polar surface area, potency, solubility, lipophilic efficiency, and ligand efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791, United States.
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Deng S, Pan Y, An N, Chen F, Chen H, Wang H, Xu X, Liu R, Yang L, Wang X, Du X, Zhang Q. Downregulation of RCN1 promotes pyroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2584-2602. [PMID: 37746742 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulocalbin-1 (RCN1) is expressed aberrantly and at a high level in various tumors, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet its impact on AML remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that RCN1 knockdown significantly suppresses the viability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from AML patients but does not affect the viability of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) from healthy donors in vitro. Downregulation of RCN1 also reduces the viability of AML cell lines. Further studies showed that the RCN1 knockdown upregulates type I interferon (IFN-1) expression and promotes AML cell pyroptosis through caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling. Deletion of the mouse Rcn1 gene inhibits the viability of mouse AML cell lines but not the hematopoiesis of mouse bone marrow. In addition, RCN1 downregulation in human AML cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in the NSG mouse xenograft model. Taken together, our results suggest that RCN1 may be a potential target for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Deng
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Yuming Pan
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Na An
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Fengyi Chen
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Liu
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Xin Du
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zhang
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Institute of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, China
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6
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Han Z, Feng D, Wang W, Wang Y, Cheng M, Yang H, Liu Y. Influence of Fatty Acid Modification on the Anticancer Activity of the Antimicrobial Peptide Figainin 1. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41876-41884. [PMID: 37970064 PMCID: PMC10633881 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides derived from the skin secretions of amphibians have made important progress in tumor therapy due to their unique mechanism of destroying cell membranes. Figainin 1 (F1) is an 18-amino acid antimicrobial peptide from the skin secretions of Boana raniceps frogs. In a previous study, F1 was shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. F1 is composed entirely of natural amino acids; therefore, it is easily degraded by a variety of proteases, resulting in poor stability and a short half-life. In the present study, we used a fatty acid modification strategy to improve the stability of Figainin 1. Among the 8 peptides synthesized, A-10 showed the strongest antiproliferative activity against K562 cells and the other four tumor cell lines, and its stability against serum and proteinase K was improved compared with F1. We found that A-10 works through two mechanisms, cell membrane destruction and apoptosis, and can arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, A-10 exhibited self-assembly behavior. Overall, it is necessary to select a fatty acid with a suitable length for modification to improve the stability and antiproliferative activity of antimicrobial peptides. This study provides a good reference for the development of antimicrobial peptides as effective anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based
Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongmei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based
Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based
Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based
Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based
Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based
Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based
Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical
Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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7
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Senapati J, Fiskus WC, Daver N, Wilson NR, Ravandi F, Garcia-Manero G, Kadia T, DiNardo CD, Jabbour E, Burger J, Short NJ, Alvarado Y, Jain N, Masarova L, Issa GC, Qiao W, Khoury JD, Pierce S, Miller D, Sasaki K, Konopleva M, Bhalla KN, Borthakur G, Pemmaraju N. Phase I Results of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Inhibitor PLX51107 in Combination with Azacitidine in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Myeloid Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4352-4360. [PMID: 37585491 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains dismal. On the basis of both extensive preclinical data and emerging clinical data, treatment with bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitors (BETi) is a potential approach for patients with high-risk myeloid malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a phase I trial to study the safety and efficacy of PLX51107 (BETi) and azacitidine combination therapy in patients with R/R AML and high-risk (HR) MDS and studied mechanisms of resistance to the combination therapy. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients with HR R/R MDS (n = 4) and R/R AML (n = 33) were treated. Sixteen patients (43%) had MECOM gene rearrangement and 7 other patients had TP53 mutation. Median prior number of therapies was three (range 1-9); 97% had received prior hypomethylating agent and 84% prior venetoclax. Overall response rate was 8/37 (22%): complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (n = 1); morphologic leukemia-free state (n = 2); hematologic improvement (n = 5). The most common nonhematologic toxicities were febrile neutropenia and pneumonia in 12 (32%) patients each; 6 patients (17%) had severe hyperbilirubinemia. RNA-sequencing analysis of mononuclear cells harvested on treatment (day 3) versus pretreatment showed significant changes in mRNA expressions in responders: downregulation of MYC, BCL2, IL7R, and CDK6 and upregulation of HEXIM1, CD93, DCXR, and CDKN1A. Immunoblot analyses confirmed reduction in protein levels of c-Myc, CDK6, BCL2, and BCL-xL, and induction of BRD4 and HEXIM1 protein levels in responders. CONCLUSIONS In a heavily pretreated patient cohort with R/R MDS and AML, PLX51107+ azacitidine was well-tolerated and resulted in modest clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayastu Senapati
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Warren C Fiskus
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathaniel R Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yesid Alvarado
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Darla Miller
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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8
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Lang Y, Lyu Y, Tan Y, Hu Z. Progress in construction of mouse models to investigate the pathogenesis and immune therapy of human hematological malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195194. [PMID: 37646021 PMCID: PMC10461088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancy is a disease arisen by complicate reasons that seriously endangers human health. The research on its pathogenesis and therapies depends on the usage of animal models. Conventional animal model cannot faithfully mirror some characteristics of human features due to the evolutionary divergence, whereas the mouse models hosting human hematological malignancy are more and more applied in basic as well as translational investigations in recent years. According to the construction methods, they can be divided into different types (e.g. cell-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) model) that have diverse characteristics and application values. In addition, a variety of strategies have been developed to improve human hematological malignant cell engraftment and differentiation in vivo. Moreover, the humanized mouse model with both functional human immune system and autologous human hematological malignancy provides a unique tool for the evaluation of the efficacy of novel immunotherapeutic drugs/approaches. Herein, we first review the evolution of the mouse model of human hematological malignancy; Then, we analyze the characteristics of different types of models and summarize the ways to improve the models; Finally, the way and value of humanized mouse model of human immune system in the immunotherapy of human hematological malignancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kayabasi C, Gunduz C. The lncRNA expression profile signature of leukemia stem cells is altered upon PI3K/mTOR inhibition: an in vitro and in silico study. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:99-115. [PMID: 37470414 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2236143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) contribute to leukemia stem cell (LSC) formation. We aimed to identify alterations in the lncRNA expression profile signature of LSCs upon inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, which provides selective advantages to LSCs. We also aimed to elucidate the potential interaction networks and functions of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). We suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in LSC and HSC cell-lines by specific PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibitor (VS-5584) and confirmed the inhibition by antibody-array. We defined DELs by qRT-PCR. Increased SRA, ZEB2-AS1, antiPeg11, DLX6-AS, SNHG4, and decreased H19, PCGEM1, CAR-Intergenic-10, L1PA16, IGF2AS, and SNHG5 levels (|log2fold-change|>5) were strictly associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition in LSC. We performed in silico analyses for DELs. ZEB2-AS1 was found to be specifically expressed in normal bone marrow and predominantly lower in leukemic cell-lines. Three sub-clusters were identified for DELs and they were associated with "abnormality of multiple cell lineages in the bone marrow." DELs were most highly enriched for "glucuronidation" Reactome pathway and "ascorbate and aldarate metabolism" and "inositol phosphate metabolism" KEGG pathways. Transcription factors, MBD4, NANOG, PAX6, RELA, CEBPB, and CEBPA were predicted to be associated with the DEL profile. SRA was predicted to interact with CREB1, RARA, and PPARA. The possible DELs' targets were predicted to form six ontological groups, be highly enriched for phosphoprotein, and be involved in "PPAR signaling pathway" and "ChREBP regulation by carbohydrates and cAMP." These results will help to elucidate the roles of lncRNAs in the mechanisms that provide selective advantages to leukemia stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Li G, Wu J, Li R, Pan Y, Ma W, Xu J, Nan M, Hou L. Improvement of Early Death in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Population-Based Analysis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:e78-e84. [PMID: 36567214 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early death is a major factor of treatment failure in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), however, the recent trends in the incidence of early death based on the population-level are not clear. Hence, this study is aimed at describing the incidence, recent trends, causes and characteristics of early death in APL based on the real world. MATERIALS AND METHODS APL patients diagnosed from 1986 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset were enrolled, and categorized based on gender, age, year of diagnosis, race, marital status, resident county and socioeconomic status (SES). The risk factors for all-cause and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) specific early death were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and stratified analysis was conducted by age. RESULTS Overall, 3212 APL patients were included in analysis between 1986 and 2015, of which a total of 683 (21.3%) patients were noted for early death. Significant differences were recognized for patient distribution by age, year of diagnosis, marital status, and SES. The early death rate of APL patients diagnosed during 2006-2015 was significantly lower than that of the early stage, but this trend was not evident in juvenile patients. At the same time, older age, and lower SES score were independent risk factors for early death in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION We established that the early death trend in APL has decreased over the past few years, but the early death rate remains high, especially in older patients and those with lower SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jieya Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruibai Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Nan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors: A 2023 update. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106552. [PMID: 36403719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the dysregulation of protein kinase activity in many diseases including cancer, this enzyme family has become one of the most important drug targets in the 21st century. There are 72 FDA-approved therapeutic agents that target about two dozen different protein kinases and three of these drugs were approved in 2022. Of the approved drugs, twelve target protein-serine/threonine protein kinases, four are directed against dual specificity protein kinases (MEK1/2), sixteen block nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and 40 target receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. The data indicate that 62 of these drugs are prescribed for the treatment of neoplasms (57 against solid tumors including breast, lung, and colon, ten against nonsolid tumors such as leukemia, and four against both solid and nonsolid tumors: acalabrutinib, ibrutinib, imatinib, and midostaurin). Four drugs (abrocitinib, baricitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib) are used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, and ulcerative colitis). Of the 72 approved drugs, eighteen are used in the treatment of multiple diseases. The following three drugs received FDA approval in 2022 for the treatment of these specified diseases: abrocitinib (atopic dermatitis), futibatinib (cholangiocarcinomas), pacritinib (myelofibrosis). All of the FDA-approved drugs are orally effective with the exception of netarsudil, temsirolimus, and trilaciclib. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of all 72 FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors including lipophilic efficiency and ligand efficiency.
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Liang H, Kong X, Wang H, Ren Y, Liu E, Sun F, Qi J, Zhang Q, Zhou Y. Elucidating the Heterogeneity of Serum Metabolism in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Raman Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47056-47069. [PMID: 36570283 PMCID: PMC9773805 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is difficult to diagnose and classify because it has the potential to evolve into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Raman spectroscopy and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) are used to systematically analyze peripheral blood serum samples from 33 patients with MDS, 25 patients with AML, and 29 control volunteers to gain insight into the heterogeneity of serum metabolism in patients with MDS and AML. AML patients show unique serum spectral data compared to MDS patients with considerably greater peak intensities of collagen (859 and 1345 cm-1) and carbohydrate (920 and 1123 cm-1) compared to MDS patients. Screening and bioinformatics analysis of MDS- and AML-related genes based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database shows that 1459 genes are differentially expressed, and the main signaling pathways are related to Th17 cell differentiation, pertussis, and cytokine receptor interaction. Statistical analysis of serological indexes related to glucose and lipid metabolism shows that patients with AML have increased serum triglyceride (TG) levels and decreased total protein levels. This study provides a spectral basis for the relationship between the massive serological data of patients and the typing of MDS and AML and provides important information for the rapid and early identification of MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research
Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute
of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaodong Kong
- Department
of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research
Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute
of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yansong Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research
Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute
of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ertao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research
Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute
of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fanfan Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research
Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute
of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jianwei Qi
- State
Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research
Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute
of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department
of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research
Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute
of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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Therapeutic Advances in Immunotherapies for Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911526. [PMID: 36232824 PMCID: PMC9569660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the success of immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor transgenic T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, bispecific T-cell engager therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, further studies are underway to improve the efficacy of these immunotherapies and to reduce the complications associated with their use in combination with other immune checkpoint inhibitors and conventional chemotherapy. Studies of novel therapeutic strategies such as bispecific (tandem or dual) CAR-T, bispecific killer cell engager, trispecific killer cell engager, and dual affinity retargeting therapies are also underway. Because of these studies and the discovery of novel immunotherapeutic target molecules, the use of immunotherapy for diseases initially thought to be less promising to treat with this treatment method, such as acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell hematologic tumors, has become a reality. Thus, in this coming era of new transplantation- and chemotherapy-free treatment strategies, it is imperative for both scientists and clinicians to understand the molecular immunity of hematologic malignancies. In this review, we focus on the remarkable development of immunotherapies that could change the prognosis of hematologic diseases. We also review the molecular mechanisms, development processes, clinical efficacies, and problems of new agents.
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Short NJ, Kantarjian H. Choosing between intensive and less intensive front-line treatment approaches for older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia. Lancet Haematol 2022; 9:e535-e545. [PMID: 35772432 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(22)00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The outcomes of older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia are inferior to their younger counterparts, because, in part, of a more aggressive disease biology and poorer tolerance of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although intensive chemotherapy was historically considered the only effective treatment for these patients, many older patients are not suitable for intensive chemotherapy owing to comorbidities or general frailty. Determination of patient fitness for intensive chemotherapy is imperfect, and even older patients who appear to be suitable (also known as fit) for intensive chemotherapy can have high rates of morbidity and early and late mortality with this approach. Fortunately, the outcomes of older or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukaemia have substantially improved with the use of a hypomethylating agent plus venetoclax in the front-line setting. Although the formal approval of this combination is limited to patients aged 75 years or older, or those with a clinically significant comorbidity, the high response rates and survival improvement in these patients have led many practitioners to consider this low-intensity regimen in older patients without significant comorbidities and even in younger patients with high-risk disease features for whom the expected outcomes with intensive chemotherapy are poor. Modifications to the hypomethylating agent plus venetoclax backbone might further improve the outlook for these patients, particularly in some acute myeloid leukaemia subsets with a targetable mutation. In this Viewpoint, we review the retrospective and prospective data supporting both intensive chemotherapy and low-intensity venetoclax-based approaches in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. We also discuss our own approach to the management of older or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, including how cytomolecular features have a role in establishing the optimal front-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Targeting BCR-Abl in the treatment of Philadelphia-chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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