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Tang Y, Zhang S, Yang X, Chen Y, Chen S, Xi Q, Chao L, Huang Z, Nie L. In situ imaging of intracellular miRNAs in tumour cells by branched hybridisation chain reaction. Cell Prolif 2024:e13721. [PMID: 39034809 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to visualise microRNA in situ is crucial for studying microRNAs, their microRNA-associated biological functions and disease diagnosis. Traditional fluorescence in situ hybridisation methods based on paraformaldehyde fixation of microRNAs suffer from release of microRNAs from cells, which limits the sensitivity of in situ hybridisation, making them unsuitable for the detection of small, low-abundance microRNAs. To reduce the loss, microRNAs were covalently cross-linked to proteins within cells by combining EDC and paraformaldehyde, and the target microRNA was used as the initiator chain for a branched hybridisation chain reaction to detect microRNA expression levels in situ. A simplified branched hybridisation chain reaction can be realised by coupling two hybridisation chain reaction circuits with a hairpin linker. Upon forming the primary hybridisation chain reaction product with extended sequence, this sequence reacts with the linker hairpin H3 to release the initiator sequence, resulting in the formation of numerous dendritic branched hybridisation chain reaction products. Imaging results show that this technique can detect microRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity at both the single-cell and single-molecule levels. Compared with the traditional fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, this method greatly improves the sensitivity and image resolution of in situ imaging detection. Therefore, we believe that the target-initiated branched hybridisation chain reaction based in situ detection method provides a reliable assay platform for analysing disease-related microRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
- Zhuzhou City Joint Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Plant Resources Utilization, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xi
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Long Chao
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Libo Nie
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
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Radhakrishnan V, Kaifi JT, Suvilesh KN. Circulating Tumor Cells: How Far Have We Come with Mining These Seeds of Metastasis? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:816. [PMID: 38398206 PMCID: PMC10887304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that slough off from the tumor and circulate in the peripheral blood and lymphatic system as micro metastases that eventually results in macro metastases. Through a simple blood draw, sensitive CTC detection from clinical samples has proven to be a useful tool for determining the prognosis of cancer. Recent technological developments now make it possible to detect CTCs reliably and repeatedly from a simple and straightforward blood test. Multicenter trials to assess the clinical value of CTCs have demonstrated the prognostic value of these cancer cells. Studies on CTCs have filled huge knowledge gap in understanding the process of metastasis since their identification in the late 19th century. However, these rare cancer cells have not been regularly used to tailor precision medicine and or identify novel druggable targets. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the milestones of CTC-based research from the time of identification to molecular characterization. Additionally, the need for a paradigm shift in dissecting these seeds of metastasis and the possible future avenues to improve CTC-based discoveries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Radhakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (V.R.); (J.T.K.)
| | - Jussuf T. Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (V.R.); (J.T.K.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Kanve N. Suvilesh
- Department of Surgery, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (V.R.); (J.T.K.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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ChemoSensitivity Assay Guided Metronomic Chemotherapy Is Safe and Effective for Treating Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122906. [PMID: 35740571 PMCID: PMC9220997 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innovative chemotherapy regimens and tools to guide therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer are greatly needed. We present results of a study combining an innovative, metronomic chemotherapy strategy together with a blood-based pharmacogenomic tool to guide effective drug therapy. This study provides proof of principle that guided, metronomic chemotherapy for treatment of pancreatic cancer is a promising approach. Abstract Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Emerging studies support metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) as effective, challenging established paradigms of dosing and schedules. The blood-based ChemoSensitivity Assay has been shown to predict response and survival in advanced PDAC patients treated with standard chemotherapy. The current study combines these concepts for a highly personalized treatment approach. This was a retrospective analysis; a pilot (n = 50) and validation cohort (n = 45) were studied. The ChemoSensitivity Assay was performed at baseline and during therapy; results were correlated to drugs administered and patient outcomes. MCT was administered based on the assay results at the treating physician′s discretion. Patients in the pilot cohort experienced favorable survival compared with historical controls (median overall survival (mOS) 16.8 mo). Patients whose treatment closely matched the ChemoSensitivity Assay predictions experienced longer median time on lines of therapy (5.3 vs. 3.3 mo, p = 0.02) and showed a trend for longer mOS (20.9 vs. 12.5 mo, p = 0.055) compared with those not closely matched. These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort. Overall, patients treated with MCT closely matching Assay results experienced a remarkable mOS of 27.7 mo. ChemoSensitivity profiling-guided MCT is a promising approach for personalized therapy in advanced PDAC.
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