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Kor G, Mengal K, Buřič M, Kozák P, Niksirat H. Granules of immune cells are the source of organelles in the regenerated nerves of crayfish antennae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108787. [PMID: 37141955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration refers to the regrowing and replacing of injured or lost body parts. Crayfish antennae are nervous organs that are crucial for perceiving environmental signals. Immune cells (hemocytes) are responsible for neurogenesis in crayfish. Here, we used transmission electron microscopy to investigate at ultrastructural levels the potential roles of immune cells in nerve regeneration in crayfish antennae after amputation. The results showed that, while all three types of hemocytes were observed during nerve regeneration, granules of semi-granulocytes and granulocytes are the main sources of new organelles such as mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus and nerve fibres in the regenerated nerves of crayfish antennae. We describe the transformation of immune cell granules into different organelles in the regenerating nerve at ultrastructural levels. Also, we observed that the regeneration process speeds up after crayfish moulting. In conclusion, the granules are compacted packages of versatile materials carried by immune cells and can be converted into different organelles during nerve regeneration in crayfish antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Kor
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Kifayatullah Mengal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hamid Niksirat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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Wajsenzon IJR, de Carvalho LA, Biancalana A, da Silva WAB, dos Santos Mermelstein C, de Araujo EG, Allodi S. Culture of neural cells of the eyestalk of a mangrove crab is optimized on poly-L-ornithine substrate. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2193-206. [PMID: 26779908 PMCID: PMC5023563 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is a considerable demand for cell culture protocols from invertebrates for both basic and applied research, few attempts have been made to culture neural cells of crustaceans. We describe an in vitro method that permits the proliferation, growth and characterization of neural cells from the visual system of an adult decapod crustacean. We explain the coating of the culture plates with different adhesive substrates, and the adaptation of the medium to maintain viable neural cells for up to 7 days. Scanning electron microscopy allowed us to monitor the conditioned culture medium to assess cell morphology and cell damage. We quantified cells in the different substrates and performed statistical analyses. Of the most commonly used substrates, poly-L-ornithine was found to be the best for maintaining neural cells for 7 days. We characterized glial cells and neurons, and observed cell proliferation using immunocytochemical reactions with specific markers. This protocol was designed to aid in conducting investigations of adult crustacean neural cells in culture. We believe that an advantage of this method is the potential for adaptation to neural cells from other arthropods and even other groups of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Júlia Ribas Wajsenzon
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco G2-001, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-902 Brazil
| | - Litia Alves de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco G2-001, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-902 Brazil
- Neurology Department of Masssachusetts General Hospital, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Adriano Biancalana
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário do Marajó/Soure, Ilha de Marajó, PA Brazil
| | - Wagner Antönio Barbosa da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco G2-001, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-902 Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvana Allodi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas-Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Bloco G2-001, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-902 Brazil
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Sotelo JR, Canclini L, Kun A, Sotelo-Silveira JR, Xu L, Wallrabe H, Calliari A, Rosso G, Cal K, Mercer JA. Myosin-Va-dependent cell-to-cell transfer of RNA from Schwann cells to axons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61905. [PMID: 23626749 PMCID: PMC3633983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the role of protein synthesis in axons, we have identified the source of a portion of axonal RNA. We show that proximal segments of transected sciatic nerves accumulate newly-synthesized RNA in axons. This RNA is synthesized in Schwann cells because the RNA was labeled in the complete absence of neuronal cell bodies both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that the transfer is prevented by disruption of actin and that it fails to occur in the absence of myosin-Va. Our results demonstrate cell-to-cell transfer of RNA and identify part of the mechanism required for transfer. The induction of cell-to-cell RNA transfer by injury suggests that interventions following injury or degeneration, particularly gene therapy, may be accomplished by applying them to nearby glial cells (or implanted stem cells) at the site of injury to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Sotelo
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (JRS); (JAM)
| | - Lucía Canclini
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Biochemistry Section, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José R. Sotelo-Silveira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Cell Biology Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lei Xu
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
| | - Horst Wallrabe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aldo Calliari
- Biophysics Area, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina Cal
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - John A. Mercer
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail: (JRS); (JAM)
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Abstract
A substantial number of studies over a period of four decades have indicated that axons contain mRNAs and ribosomes, and are metabolically active in synthesizing proteins locally. For the most part, little attention has been paid to these findings until recently when the concept of targeting of specific mRNAs and translation in subcellular domains in polarized cells emerged to contribute to the likelihood and acceptance of mRNA targeting to axons as well. Trans-acting factor proteins bind to cis-acting sequences in the untranslated region of mRNAs integrated in ribonucleoprotein (RNPs) complexes determine its targeting in neurons. In vitro studies in immature axons have shown that molecular motors proteins (kinesins and myosins) associate to RNPs suggesting they would participate in its transport to growth cones. Tau and actin mRNAs are transported as RNPs, and targeted to axons as well as ribosomes. Periaxoplasmic ribosomal plaques (PARPs), which are systematically distributed discrete peripheral ribosome-containing, actin-rich formations in myelinated axons, also are enriched with actin and myosin Va mRNAs and additional regulatory proteins. The localization of mRNAs in PARPs probably means that PARPs are local centers of translational activity, and that these domains are the final destination in the axon compartment for targeted macromolecular traffic originating in the cell body. The role of glial cells as a potentially complementary source of axonal mRNAs and ribosomes is discussed in light of early reports and recent ultrastructural observations related to the possibility of glial-axon trans-endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Sotelo-Silveira
- Department of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kun A, Otero L, Sotelo-Silveira JR, Sotelo JR. Ribosomal distributions in axons of mammalian myelinated fibers. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:2087-98. [PMID: 17520748 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of ribosomes and polysomes in uninjured myelinated axons of rat sciatic nerve was analyzed. Ribosomes were identified by immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels. A polyclonal antibody developed against ribosomes recognized both rRNA and ribosomal proteins. The distribution of the immunoreaction product was similar to that obtained with human anti-ribosomal P protein. The immunoreaction product distributions were of two types in axons: 1) periodic localization in the cortical region of axoplasm that appeared as a compact structural aggregate, consistent with that described as a periaxoplasmic ribosomal plaques (PARP) domain (Koenig et al. [2000] J. Neurosci. 20:8390-8400), and 2) scattered small immuno-reactive clusters of varying sizes (RNP) within the central core of the axon. The latter observation suggested the possibility that RNP-like particles could be associated with the axonal transport system and in transit. Immunoreaction product was also associated with a novel structural inclusion, possibly multi-vesicular in makeup that was located in the axon and at the myelin-axon interface, and visible at the light and EM levels. The potential significance of this structural peculiarity is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Kun
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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