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Silva RAB, Vieira HAO, de Gregorio C, Cohenca N, Lucisano MP, Pucinelli CM, Paula-Silva FWG, Nelson-Filho P, Romano FL, Assed Bezerra Silva L. Periodontal ligament repair after active splinting of replanted dogs' teeth. Dent Traumatol 2021; 37:758-771. [PMID: 34198370 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The high rate of root resorption resulting from tooth replantation represents a serious clinical problem. In order to prevent ankylosis and replacement resorption, the contemporary literature highlights the importance of using a flexible stabilization for traumatized teeth. For this purpose, orthodontic devices may be promising for obtaining a better prognosis and periodontal repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an active splinting protocol with controlled force in dog's teeth following replantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty premolar roots from three dogs were used. They were submitted to endodontic treatment, hemisected, atraumatically extracted and subsequently replanted. They were divided into four groups: Passive Stabilization (n = 20)-after 20 min in a dry medium; Active Stabilization (n = 20)-after 20 min in a dry medium; Negative control (n = 10)-immediate replantation and passive Stabilization; and Positive control (n = 10)-90 min of extra-alveolar time and passive Stabilization. The samples were collected and submitted to histologic processing. They were then evaluated for the count of inflammatory cells, expression of neurotrophin 4, osteoclasts, apoptotic cells and collagen fibres. The results were submitted to ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests followed by Tukey or Dunn post-tests (α = 5%). RESULTS Passive Stabilization with orthodontic brackets without traction used after replantation had the highest number of inflammatory cells (p = .0122), osteoclasts (p = .0013) and percentage of collagen fibres in the periodontal ligament (p < .0001) when compared to Active Stabilization with orthodontic brackets applying amild tensile force. Neurotrophin 4 had no statistically significant difference (p = .05), regardless of the treatment. The apoptotic cells count revealed statistical differences (p < .0001) between Active Stabilization (189.70 ± 47.99) and Positive Control (198.90 ± 88.92) when compared to Passive Stabilization (21.19 ± 32.94). CONCLUSION The active splinting protocol using orthodontic appliances generating a light and controlled force favoured periodontal ligament repair of replanted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nestor Cohenca
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xiao N. Is neurotrophic factor a second language that neuron and tooth speak? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1803-1804. [PMID: 33510085 PMCID: PMC8328768 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yamada Y, Ohazama A, Maeda T, Seo K. The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates inferior alveolar nerve regeneration. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:114-119. [PMID: 29428403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Shh signaling is known to be observed following injury of the peripheral nerves such as the sciatic nerve. However, the precise role of Shh signaling during peripheral nerve regeneration is not fully understood. The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is most commonly injured during oral surgery. Unlike the sciatic nerve, the IAN is isolated from other craniofacial tissues, as it resides in a long bony canal within the mandible. The IAN is thus an excellent experimental model for investigating peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, the role of Shh signaling in peripheral nerve regeneration was investigated using the mouse IAN transection model. During regeneration, Shh signaling was activated within the entire distal region of the IAN and proximal stumps. Inhibition of Shh signaling by cyclopamine application at the transection site led to abnormal axon growth in random directions, a reduced number of macrophages, and an increase in myelin debris within the distal region. Shh signaling is thus involved in peripheral nerve regeneration via the regulation of myelin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Yamada
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Seo
- Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Piancino MG, Isola G, Cannavale R, Cutroneo G, Vermiglio G, Bracco P, Anastasi GP. From periodontal mechanoreceptors to chewing motor control: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 78:109-121. [PMID: 28226300 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This critical review summarizes the current knowledge of the structural and functional characteristics of periodontal mechanoreceptors, and understands their role in the signal pathways and functional motor control. METHOD A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Original articles were searched through Pubmed, Cochrane Central database and Embase until january 2016. RESULT 1466 articles were identified through database searching and screened by reviewing the abstracts. 160 full-text were assessed for eligibility, and after 109 exclusion, 51 articles were included in the review process. Studies selected by the review process were mainly divided in studies on animal and studies on humans. Morphological, histological, molecular and electrophysiological studies investigating the periodontal mechanoreceptors in animals and in humans were included, evaluated and described. CONCLUSION Our knowledge of the periodontal mechanoreceptors, let us conclude that they are very refined neural receptors, deeply involved in the activation and coordination of the masticatory muscles during function. Strictly linked to the rigid structure of the teeth, they determine all the functional physiological and pathological processes of the stomatognathic system. The knowledge of their complex features is fundamental for all dental professionists. Further investigations are of utmost importance for guiding the technological advances in the respect of the neural control in the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Piancino
- Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology-Masticatory Function, Turin University, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology-Masticatory Function, Turin University, Italy
| | - Rosangela Cannavale
- Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology-Masticatory Function, Turin University, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Messina University, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vermiglio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Messina University, Italy
| | - Pietro Bracco
- Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology-Masticatory Function, Turin University, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pio Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Messina University, Italy
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Zakir HM, Mostafeezur RM, Suzuki A, Hitomi S, Suzuki I, Maeda T, Seo K, Yamada Y, Yamamura K, Lev S, Binshtok AM, Iwata K, Kitagawa J. Expression of TRPV1 channels after nerve injury provides an essential delivery tool for neuropathic pain attenuation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44023. [PMID: 22962595 PMCID: PMC3433461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels, following nerve injury, may facilitate the entry of QX-314 into nociceptive neurons in order to achieve effective and selective pain relief. In this study we hypothesized that the level of QX-314/capsaicin (QX-CAP) - induced blockade of nocifensive behavior could be used as an indirect in-vivo measurement of functional expression of TRPV1 channels. We used the QX-CAP combination to monitor the functional expression of TRPV1 in regenerated neurons after inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) transection in rats. We evaluated the effect of this combination on pain threshold at different time points after IAN transection by analyzing the escape thresholds to mechanical stimulation of lateral mental skin. At 2 weeks after IAN transection, there was no QX-CAP mediated block of mechanical hyperalgesia, implying that there was no functional expression of TRPV1 channels. These results were confirmed immunohistochemically by staining of regenerated trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. This suggests that TRPV1 channel expression is an essential necessity for the QX-CAP mediated blockade. Furthermore, we show that 3 and 4 weeks after IAN transection, application of QX-CAP produced a gradual increase in escape threshold, which paralleled the increased levels of TRPV1 channels that were detected in regenerated TG neurons. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed that non-myelinated neurons regenerated slowly compared to myelinated neurons following IAN transection. We also show that TRPV1 expression shifted towards myelinated neurons. Our findings suggest that nerve injury modulates the TRPV1 expression pattern in regenerated neurons and that the effectiveness of QX-CAP induced blockade depends on the availability of functional TRPV1 receptors in regenerated neurons. The results of this study also suggest that the QX-CAP based approach can be used as a new behavioral tool to detect dynamic changes in TRPV1 expression, in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain Md. Zakir
- Division of Oral Physiology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rahman Md. Mostafeezur
- Division of Oral Physiology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Seo
- Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamada
- Division of Oral Physiology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Division of Oral Physiology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shaya Lev
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada and Center for Research on Pain, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander M. Binshtok
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada and Center for Research on Pain, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Division of Oral Physiology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Jungnickel J, Haastert K, Grzybek M, Thau N, Lipokatic-Takacs E, Ratzka A, Nölle A, Claus P, Grothe C. Mice lacking basic fibroblast growth factor showed faster sensory recovery. Exp Neurol 2010; 223:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ohishi M, Harada F, Rahman F, Saito I, Kawano Y, Nozawa-Inoue K, Maeda T. GDNF Expression in Terminal Schwann Cells Associated With the Periodontal Ruffini Endings of the Rat Incisors During Nerve Regeneration. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:1185-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grothe C, Jungnickel J, Haastert K. Physiological role of basic FGF in peripheral nerve development and regeneration: potential for reconstruction approaches. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/14796708.3.5.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
According to expression studies and functional analyses in mutant mice and in rats, FGF-2 appears to be specifically involved during development of peripheral nerves and in de-/re-generating processes at the lesion site and in spinal ganglia. In the absence of FGF receptor (FGFR)3, axonal and myelin diameters of peripheral nerves are significantly reduced, suggesting that FGFR3 physiologically regulates axonal development. The normally occurring neuronal cell death in spinal ganglia after peripheral nerve axotomy does not take place in FGF-2 and FGFR3-deleted mice, respectively, suggesting that injury-induced apoptosis is mediated via FGF-2 binding to FGFR3. According to a bimodal function of FGF-2, lesion-induced neuron death in rat spinal ganglia can be prevented by application of FGF-2 to the proximal nerve stump, which could be mediated via FGFR1/2. At the lesion site, FGF-2 appears to be involved in stimulating Schwann cell proliferation, promoting neurite outgrowth, especially of sensory nerve fibers, and regulating remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grothe
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Jungnickel
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Haastert
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
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