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Uezono S, Kato T, Yamada Y, Yoshimoto M, Yamamoto N. Afferent and efferent connections of the secondary general visceral sensory nucleus in goldfish. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25566. [PMID: 38104256 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The secondary general visceral sensory nucleus (SVN) receives ascending fibers from the commissural nucleus of Cajal (NCC), or the primary general visceral sensoru in the medulla oblongata of teleosts. However, the full set of fiber connections of the SVN have been studied only in the Nile tilapia. We have investigated the connections of the SVN in goldfish by tracer injection experiments to the nucleus. We paid special attention to the possible presence of spinal afferents, since the spinal cord projects to the lateral parabrachial nucleus, or the presumed homologue of SVN, in mammals. We found that the SVN indeed receives spinal projections. Spinal terminals were restricted to a region ventrolaterally adjacent to the terminal zone of NCC fibers, suggesting that the SVN can be subdivided into two subnuclei: the commissural nucleus-recipient (SVNc) and spinal-recipient (SVNsp) subnuclei. Tracer injections to the SVNc and SVNsp as well as reciprocal injections to the diencephalon revealed that both subnuclei project directly to diencephalic structures, such as the posterior thalamic nucleus and nucleus of lateral recess, although diencephalic projections of the SVNsp were rather sparse. The SVNsp appears to send fibers to more wide-spread targets in the preoptic area than the SVNc does. The SVNc projects to the telencephalon, while the SVNsp sends scarce or possibly no fibers to the telencephalon. Another notable difference was that the SVNsp gives rise to massive projections to the dorsal diencephalon (ventromedial thalamic, central posterior thalamic, and periventricular posterior tubercular nuclei). These differential connections of the subnuclei may reflect discrete functional significances of the general visceral sensory information mediated by the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Uezono
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Tokyo Health Sciences, Tama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Yuusuke Yamada
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Japan
| | - Masami Yoshimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Tokyo Health Sciences, Tama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Japan
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Blanco AM, Sundarrajan L, Bertucci JI, Unniappan S. Why goldfish? Merits and challenges in employing goldfish as a model organism in comparative endocrinology research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:13-28. [PMID: 28185936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Goldfish has been used as an unconventional model organism to study a number of biological processes. For example, goldfish is a well-characterized and widely used model in comparative endocrinology, especially in neuroendocrinology. Several decades of research has established and validated an array of tools to study hormones in goldfish. The detailed brain atlas of goldfish, together with the stereotaxic apparatus, are invaluable tools for the neuroanatomic localization and central administration of endocrine factors. In vitro techniques, such as organ and primary cell cultures, have been developed using goldfish. In vivo approaches using goldfish were used to measure endogenous hormonal milieu, feeding, behaviour and stress. While there are many benefits in using goldfish as a model organism in research, there are also challenges associated with it. One example is its tetraploid genome that results in the existence of multiple isoforms of endocrine factors. The presence of extra endogenous forms of peptides and its receptors adds further complexity to the already redundant multifactorial endocrine milieu. This review will attempt to discuss the importance of goldfish as a model organism in comparative endocrinology. It will highlight some of the merits and challenges in employing goldfish as an animal model for hormone research in the post-genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lakshminarasimhan Sundarrajan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Avenida Intendente Marinos Km. 8,2, 7130 Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Heffer A, Marquart GD, Aquilina-Beck A, Saleem N, Burgess HA, Dawid IB. Generation and characterization of Kctd15 mutations in zebrafish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189162. [PMID: 29216270 PMCID: PMC5720732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 15 (Kctd15) was previously found to have a role in early neural crest (NC) patterning, specifically delimiting the region where NC markers are expressed via repression of transcription factor AP-2a and inhibition of Wnt signaling. We used transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to generate null mutations in zebrafish kctd15a and kctd15b paralogs to study the in vivo role of Kctd15. We found that while deletions producing frame-shift mutations in each paralog showed no apparent phenotype, kctd15a/b double mutant zebrafish are smaller in size and show several phenotypes including some affecting the NC, such as expansion of the early NC domain, increased pigmentation, and craniofacial defects. Both melanophore and xanthophore pigment cell numbers and early markers are up-regulated in the double mutants. While we find no embryonic craniofacial defects, adult mutants have a deformed maxillary segment and missing barbels. By confocal imaging of mutant larval brains we found that the torus lateralis (TLa), a region implicated in gustatory networks in other fish, is absent. Ablation of this brain tissue in wild type larvae mimics some aspects of the mutant growth phenotype. Thus kctd15 mutants show deficits in the development of both neural crest derivatives, and specific regions within the central nervous system, leading to a strong reduction in normal growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Heffer
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Marquart
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Allisan Aquilina-Beck
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nabil Saleem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Harold A. Burgess
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Igor B. Dawid
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Aijie C, Huimin L, Jia L, Lingling O, Limin W, Junrong W, Xuan L, Xue H, Longquan S. Central neurotoxicity induced by the instillation of ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles through the taste nerve pathway. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2453-2470. [PMID: 28972461 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore whether nanoparticles (NPs) can be transported into the CNS via the taste nerve pathway. MATERIALS & METHODS ZnO and TiO2 NPs were tongue-instilled to male Wistar rats. Toxicity was assessed by Zn/Ti biodistribution, histopathological examination, oxidative stress assay, quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis, learning and memory capabilities. RESULTS ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs significantly deposited in the nerves and brain, respectively. The histopathological examination indicated a slight injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Ultrastructural changes and an imbalanced oxidative stress were observed. The Morris water maze results showed that the learning and memory of rats were impaired. CONCLUSION NPs can enter the CNS via the taste nerve translocation pathway and induce a certain adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Aijie
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liang Huimin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liu Jia
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ou Lingling
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wei Limin
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wu Junrong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lai Xuan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Han Xue
- The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shao Longquan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Yáñez J, Souto Y, Piñeiro L, Folgueira M, Anadón R. Gustatory and general visceral centers and their connections in the brain of adult zebrafish: a carbocyanine dye tract-tracing study. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:333-362. [PMID: 27343143 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The central connections of the gustatory/general visceral system of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were examined by means of carbocyanine dye tracing. Main primary gustatory centers (facial and vagal lobes) received sensory projections from the facial and vagal nerves, respectively. The vagal nerve also projects to the commissural nucleus of Cajal, a general visceral sensory center. These primary centers mainly project on a prominent secondary gustatory and general visceral nucleus (SGN/V) located in the isthmic region. Secondary projections on the SGN/V were topographically organized, those of the facial lobe mainly ending medially to those of the vagal lobe, and those from the commissural nucleus ventrolaterally. Descending facial lobe projections to the medial funicular nucleus were also noted. Ascending fibers originating from the SGN/V mainly projected to the posterior thalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus (lateral torus, lateral recess nucleus, hypothalamic inferior lobe diffuse nucleus) and an intermediate cell- and fiber-rich region termed here the tertiary gustatory nucleus proper, but not to a nucleus formerly considered as the zebrafish tertiary gustatory nucleus. The posterior thalamic nucleus, tertiary gustatory nucleus proper, and nucleus of the lateral recess gave rise to descending projections to the SGN/V and the vagal lobe. The connectivity between diencephalic gustatory centers and the telencephalon was also investigated. The present results showed that the gustatory connections of the adult zebrafish are rather similar to those reported in other cyprinids, excepting the tertiary gustatory nucleus. Similarities between the gustatory systems of zebrafish and other fishes are also discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:333-362, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Yáñez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.,Neurover Group, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yara Souto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Piñeiro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.,Neurover Group, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Uezono S, Yamada Y, Kato T, Abe H, Yamamoto N. Connections of the commissural nucleus of Cajal in the goldfish, with special reference to the topographic organization of ascending visceral sensory pathways. J Comp Neurol 2014; 523:209-25. [PMID: 25209308 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The primary general visceral nucleus of teleosts is called the commissural nucleus of Cajal (NCC). The NCC of goldfish has been divided into the medial (NCCm) and lateral (NCCl) subnuclei that receive inputs from subdiaphragmatic gastrointestinal tract and the posterior pharynx, respectively. Fiber connections of the NCC were examined by tract-tracing methods in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Tracer injections into the NCC suggested that the NCC projects directly not only to the secondary visceral sensory region in the rhombencephalic isthmus and other brain stem centers, but also to the forebrain, similar to the situations in mammals, birds, and the Nile tilapia. Although fiber connections of the NCCm and NCCl were basically similar, the NCCm was the more important source of ascending general visceral fibers to the forebrain. Topographic organization was recognized regarding projections to the isthmic secondary visceral sensory zone; input from the NCCm is represented in the secondary general visceral sensory nucleus, while input from the NCCl in the lateral edge of the secondary gustatory nucleus. Moreover, specific injections into different regions of the vagal lobe revealed that the dorsomedio-ventrolateral axis of the lobe is represented in the lateromedial axis of the secondary gustatory nucleus. These observations suggest fine topographic organization of ascending visceral sensory pathways to the isthmic secondary centers. It should also be noted that the reception of primary afferents from the posterior pharynx and projections to the secondary gustatory nucleus suggest that the NCCl may be regarded as a gustatory rather than a general visceral sensory structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Uezono
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Harvey-Girard E, Giassi ACC, Ellis W, Maler L. Expression of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the gymnotiform fish brain and its implications for the organization of the teleost pallium. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:949-75. [PMID: 22886386 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) are widely distributed in the brains of many vertebrates, but whether their functions are conserved is unknown. The weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Apt), has been well studied for its brain structure, behavior, sensory processing, and learning and memory. It therefore offers an attractive model for comparative studies of CB1R functions. We sequenced partial AptCB1R mRNAs and performed in situ hybridization to localize its expression. Partial AptCB1R protein sequence was highly conserved to zebrafish (90.7%) and mouse (81.9%) orthologs. AptCB1R mRNA was highly expressed in the telencephalon. Subpallial neurons (dorsal, central, intermediate regions and part of the ventral region, Vd/Vc/Vi, and Vv) expressed high levels of AptCB1R transcript. The central region of dorsocentral telencephalon (DC(core) ) strongly expressed CB1R mRNA; cells in DC(core) project to midbrain regions involved in electrosensory/visual function. The lateral and rostral regions of DC surrounding DC(core) (DC(shell) ) lack AptCB1R mRNA. The rostral division of the dorsomedial telencephalon (DM1) highly expresses AptCB1R mRNA. In dorsolateral division (DL) AptCB1R mRNA was expressed in a gradient that declined in a rostrocaudal manner. In diencephalon, AptCB1R RNA probe weakly stained the central-posterior (CP) and prepacemaker (PPn) nuclei. In mesencephalon, AptCB1R mRNA is expressed in deep layers of the dorsal (electrosensory) torus semicircularis (TSd). In hindbrain, AptCB1R RNA probe weakly labeled inhibitory interneurons in the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). Unlike mammals, only few cerebellar granule cells expressed AptCB1R transcripts and these were located in the center of eminentia granularis pars posterior (EGp), a cerebellar region involved in feedback to ELL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Harvey-Girard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8M5.
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Ieki T, Okada S, Aihara Y, Ohmoto M, Abe K, Yasuoka A, Misaka T. Transgenic labeling of higher order neuronal circuits linked to phospholipase C-β2-expressing taste bud cells in medaka fish. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1781-802. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kato T, Yamada Y, Yamamoto N. Ascending gustatory pathways to the telencephalon in goldfish. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:2475-99. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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