1
|
Li M, Yang L, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Liu Y. Specific biomarkers and neurons distribution of different brain regions in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1385575. [PMID: 38745953 PMCID: PMC11091468 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain regulates multiple physiological processes in fish. Despite this, knowledge about the basic structure and function of distinct brain regions in non-model fish species remains limited due to their diversity and the scarcity of common biomarkers. In the present study, four major brain parts, the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, were isolated in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Within these parts, nine brain regions and 74 nuclei were further identified through morphological and cytoarchitectonic analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 7153 region-highly expressed genes and 176 region-specifically expressed genes. Genes related to growth, reproduction, emotion, learning, and memory were significantly overexpressed in the olfactory bulb and telencephalon (OBT). Feeding and stress-related genes were in the hypothalamus (Hy). Visual system-related genes were predominantly enriched in the optic tectum (OT), while vision and hearing-related genes were widely expressed in the cerebellum (Ce) region. Sensory input and motor output-related genes were in the medulla oblongata (Mo). Osmoregulation, stress response, sleep/wake cycles, and reproduction-related genes were highly expressed in the remaining brain (RB). Three candidate marker genes were further identified for each brain regions, such as neuropeptide FF (npff) for OBT, pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pmch) for Hy, vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (viaat) for OT, excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (eaat1) for Ce, peripherin (prph) for Mo, and isotocin neurophysin (itnp) for RB. Additionally, the distribution of seven neurotransmitter-type neurons and five types of non-neuronal cells across different brain regions were analyzed by examining the expression of their marker genes. Notably, marker genes for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons showed the highest expression levels across all brain regions. Similarly, the marker gene for radial astrocytes exhibited high expression compared to other markers, while those for microglia were the least expressed. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional characteristics of distinct brain regions in the largemouth bass, which offers a valuable resource for understanding the role of central nervous system in regulating physiological processes in teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science (BEFS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leshan Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science (BEFS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gaede AH, Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C, Wu PH, Pilon MC, Altshuler DL, Wylie DR. Topography of visual and somatosensory inputs to the pontine nuclei in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25556. [PMID: 37938923 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Birds have a comprehensive network of sensorimotor projections extending from the forebrain and midbrain to the cerebellum via the pontine nuclei, but the organization of these circuits in the pons is not thoroughly described. Inputs to the pontine nuclei include two retinorecipient areas, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM) and nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR), which are important structures for analyzing optic flow. Other crucial regions for visuomotor control include the retinorecipient ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (GLv), and optic tectum (TeO). These visual areas, together with the somatosensory area of the anterior (rostral) Wulst, which is homologous to the primary somatosensory cortex in mammals, project to the medial and lateral pontine nuclei (PM, PL). In this study, we used injections of fluorescent tracers to study the organization of these visual and somatosensory inputs to the pontine nuclei in zebra finches. We found a topographic organization of inputs to PM and PL. The PM has a lateral subdivision that predominantly receives projections from the ipsilateral anterior Wulst. The medial PM receives bands of inputs from the ipsilateral GLv and the nucleus laminaris precommisulis, located medial to LM. We also found that the lateral PL receives a strong ipsilateral projection from TeO, while the medial PL and region between the PM and PL receive less prominent projections from nBOR, bilaterally. We discuss these results in the context of the organization of pontine inputs to the cerebellum and possible functional implications of diverse somato-motor and visuomotor inputs and parcellation in the pontine nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Gaede
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | | | - Pei-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Madison C Pilon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas L Altshuler
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas R Wylie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C, Wylie DR, Altshuler DL. From the eye to the wing: neural circuits for transforming optic flow into motor output in avian flight. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2023; 209:839-854. [PMID: 37542566 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian flight is guided by optic flow-the movement across the retina of images of surfaces and edges in the environment due to self-motion. In all vertebrates, there is a short pathway for optic flow information to reach pre-motor areas: retinal-recipient regions in the midbrain encode optic flow, which is then sent to the cerebellum. One well-known role for optic flow pathways to the cerebellum is the control of stabilizing eye movements (the optokinetic response). However, the role of this pathway in controlling locomotion is less well understood. Electrophysiological and tract tracing studies are revealing the functional connectivity of a more elaborate circuit through the avian cerebellum, which integrates optic flow with other sensory signals. Here we review the research supporting this framework and identify the cerebellar output centres, the lateral (CbL) and medial (CbM) cerebellar nuclei, as two key nodes with potentially distinct roles in flight control. The CbM receives bilateral optic flow information and projects to sites in the brainstem that suggest a primary role for flight control over time, such as during forward flight. The CbL receives monocular optic flow and other types of visual information. This site provides feedback to sensory areas throughout the brain and has a strong projection the nucleus ruber, which is known to have a dominant role in forelimb muscle control. This arrangement suggests primary roles for the CbL in the control of wing morphing and for rapid maneuvers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas R Wylie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Douglas L Altshuler
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stacho M, Herold C, Rook N, Wagner H, Axer M, Amunts K, Güntürkün O. A cortex-like canonical circuit in the
avian forebrain. Science 2020; 369:369/6511/eabc5534. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abc5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the avian pallium seems to lack
an organization akin to that of the cerebral
cortex, birds exhibit extraordinary cognitive
skills that are comparable to those of mammals. We
analyzed the fiber architecture of the avian
pallium with three-dimensional polarized light
imaging and subsequently reconstructed local and
associative pallial circuits with tracing
techniques. We discovered an iteratively repeated,
column-like neuronal circuitry across the
layer-like nuclear boundaries of the hyperpallium
and the sensory dorsal ventricular ridge. These
circuits are connected to neighboring columns and,
via tangential layer-like connections, to higher
associative and motor areas. Our findings indicate
that this avian canonical circuitry is similar to
its mammalian counterpart and might constitute the
structural basis of neuronal computation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stacho
- Department of Biopsychology,
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of
Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum,
Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology,
Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum,
Germany
| | - Christina Herold
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for
Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine
University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Noemi Rook
- Department of Biopsychology,
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of
Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum,
Germany
| | - Hermann Wagner
- Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen
University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Axer
- Institute of Neuroscience and
Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425
Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for
Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine
University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and
Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, 52425
Jülich, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology,
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of
Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gaede AH, Gutierrez-Ibanez C, Armstrong MS, Altshuler DL, Wylie DR. Pretectal projections to the oculomotor cerebellum in hummingbirds (Calypte anna), zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), and pigeons (Columba livia). J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2644-2658. [PMID: 30950058 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In birds, optic flow is processed by a retinal-recipient nucleus in the pretectum, the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM), which then projects to the cerebellum, a key site for sensorimotor integration. Previous studies have shown that the LM is hypertrophied in hummingbirds, and that LM cell response properties differ between hummingbirds and other birds. Given these differences in anatomy and physiology, we ask here if there are also species differences in the connectivity of the LM. The LM is separated into lateral and medial subdivisions, which project to the oculomotor cerebellum and the vestibulocerebellum. In pigeons, the projection to the vestibulocerebellum largely arises from the lateral LM; the projection to the oculomotor cerebellum largely arises from the medial LM. Here, using retrograde tracing, we demonstrate differences in the distribution of projections in these pathways between Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna), zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), and pigeons (Columba livia). In all three species, the projections to the vestibulocerebellum were largely from lateral LM. In contrast, projections to the oculomotor cerebellum in hummingbirds and zebra finches do not originate in the medial LM (as in pigeons) but instead largely arise from pretectal structures just medial, the nucleus laminaris precommissuralis and nucleus principalis precommissuralis. These species differences in projection patterns provide further evidence that optic flow circuits differ among bird species with distinct modes of flight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Gaede
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cristian Gutierrez-Ibanez
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa S Armstrong
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas L Altshuler
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas R Wylie
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wylie DR, Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C, Gaede AH, Altshuler DL, Iwaniuk AN. Visual-Cerebellar Pathways and Their Roles in the Control of Avian Flight. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:223. [PMID: 29686605 PMCID: PMC5900027 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review the connections and physiology of visual pathways to the cerebellum in birds and consider their role in flight. We emphasize that there are two visual pathways to the cerebellum. One is to the vestibulocerebellum (folia IXcd and X) that originates from two retinal-recipient nuclei that process optic flow: the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) and the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM). The second is to the oculomotor cerebellum (folia VI-VIII), which receives optic flow information, mainly from LM, but also local visual motion information from the optic tectum, and other visual information from the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (Glv). The tectum, LM and Glv are all intimately connected with the pontine nuclei, which also project to the oculomotor cerebellum. We believe this rich integration of visual information in the cerebellum is important for analyzing motion parallax that occurs during flight. Finally, we extend upon a suggestion by Ibbotson (2017) that the hypertrophy that is observed in LM in hummingbirds might be due to an increase in the processing demands associated with the pathway to the oculomotor cerebellum as they fly through a cluttered environment while feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Wylie
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Andrea H Gaede
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Douglas L Altshuler
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew N Iwaniuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vega-Zuniga T, Trost D, Schicker K, Bogner EM, Luksch H. The Medial Ventrothalamic Circuitry: Cells Implicated in a Bimodal Network. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:9. [PMID: 29479309 PMCID: PMC5812298 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous avian thalamic studies have shown that the medial ventral thalamus is composed of several nuclei located close to the lateral wall of the third ventricle. Although the general connectivity is known, detailed morphology and connectivity pattern in some regions are still elusive. Here, using the intracellular filling technique in the chicken, we focused on two neural structures, namely, the retinorecipient neuropil of the n. geniculatus lateralis pars ventralis (GLv), and the adjacent n. intercalatus thalami (ICT). We found that the GLv-ne cells showed two different neuronal types: projection cells and horizontal interneurons. The projection cells showed variable morphologies and dendritic arborizations with axons that targeted the n. lentiformis mesencephali (LM), griseum tectale (GT), ICT, n. principalis precommissuralis (PPC), and optic tectum (TeO). The horizontal cells showed a widespread mediolateral neural process throughout the retinorecipient GLv-ne. The ICT cells, on the other hand, had multipolar somata with wide dendritic fields that extended toward the lamina interna of the GLv, and a projection pattern that targeted the n. laminaris precommissuralis (LPC). Together, these results elucidate the rich complexity of the connectivity pattern so far described between the GLv, ICT, pretectum, and tectum. Interestingly, the implication of some of these neural structures in visuomotor and somatosensory roles strongly suggests that the GLv and ICT are part of a bimodal circuit that may be involved in the generation/modulation of saccades, gaze control, and space perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vega-Zuniga
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dominik Trost
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Katrin Schicker
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Eva M Bogner
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Harald Luksch
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krabichler Q, Vega-Zuniga T, Carrasco D, Fernandez M, Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C, Marín G, Luksch H. The centrifugal visual system of a palaeognathous bird, the Chilean Tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria). J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2514-2534. [PMID: 28256705 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The avian centrifugal visual system, which projects from the brain to the retina, has been intensively studied in several Neognathous birds that have a distinct isthmo-optic nucleus (ION). However, birds of the order Palaeognathae seem to lack a proper ION in histologically stained brain sections. We had previously reported in the palaeognathous Chilean Tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria) that intraocular injections of Cholera Toxin B subunit retrogradely label a considerable number of neurons, which form a diffuse isthmo-optic complex (IOC). In order to better understand how this IOC-based centrifugal visual system is organized, we have studied its major components by means of in vivo and in vitro tracing experiments. Our results show that the IOC, though structurally less organized than an ION, possesses a dense core region consisting of multipolar neurons. It receives afferents from neurons in L10a of the optic tectum, which are distributed with a wider interneuronal spacing than in Neognathae. The tecto-IOC terminals are delicate and divergent, unlike the prominent convergent tecto-ION terminals in Neognathae. The centrifugal IOC terminals in the retina are exclusively divergent, resembling the terminals from "ectopic" centrifugal neurons in Neognathae. We conclude that the Tinamou's IOC participates in a comparable general IOC-retina-TeO-IOC circuitry as the neognathous ION. However, the connections between the components are structurally different and their divergent character suggests a lower spatial resolution. Our findings call for further comparative studies in a broad range of species for advancing our understanding of the evolution, plasticity and functional roles of the avian centrifugal visual system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Krabichler
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Tomas Vega-Zuniga
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Denisse Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximo Fernandez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Gonzalo Marín
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Harald Luksch
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|