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Wang J, Zhang Z, Yu N, Wu X, Guo Z, Yan Y, Liu Z. Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily of Pardosa pseudoannulata: Implication for natural enemy safety. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101190. [PMID: 38278045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Cys-loop ligand-gated channels mediate neurotransmission in insects and are receptors for many insecticides. Some insecticides acting on cysLGIC also have lethal effects on non-targeting organisms, but the mechanism of this negative effect is unclear due to information absence. The identification and analysis of cysLGIC family in Pardosa pseudoannulata, a pond wolf spider, can deepen the understanding of insecticides for natural enemy safety. Thirty-four cysLGIC genes were identified in P. pseudoannulata genome, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid gated chloride channels, glutamate-gated chloride channels, histamine-gated chloride channels, and pH-sensitive chloride channels. The expansion of GABACls and HisCls accounts for the large number of cysLGICs in P. pseudoannulata, and the alternative splicing events in nAChR and RDL subunits enriched the diversity of the superfamily. Most cysLGIC genes show the highest expression in brain and lowest expression in the early-egg sac stage. Variable residues (R81, V83, R135, N137, F190, and W197) in P. pseudoannulata nAChR β subunits and critical differences in α6 subunit TM4 region compared with insects would apply for the insensitivity to neonicotinoids and spinosyn. In contrast, avermectin and dieldrin may be lethal to P. pseudoannulata due to the similar drugs binding sites in GluCls compared with insects. These findings will provide a valuable clue for natural enemy protection and environmentally friendly insecticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Wang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zonglei Guo
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yangyang Yan
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wu F, Du Z, Zhang T, Jiang L, Zhang L, Ge S. A neurotransmitter histamine mediating phototransduction and photopreference in Callosobruchus maculatus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3002-3011. [PMID: 36966484 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biogenic amine histamine plays a critical role in the phototransduction and photopreference of most insects. Here, we study the function of histamine in Callosobruchus maculatus, a global storage pest. RESULTS In our experiment, we initially identified the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene through bioinformation analysis. We subsequently investigated effects of hdc and histamine on the photopreference of C. maculatus using a combination of RNA interference (RNAi), electroretinograms (ERG), immunostaining, and photopreference behavior approaches. Our results showed that histamine was required for visual signal transduction of C. maculatus, and increased its photopreference regardless of the wavelength. CONCLUSION This is the first study analyzing the molecular characteristics of C. maculatus photopreference, which forms the basis for a molecular mechanism for the effects of histamine on its visual transduction and preference. In practice, better understanding the photopreference patterns contributes to IPM (integrated pest management) for this storage pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Science and Technical Research Center of China Customs, Beijing, China
| | - Siqin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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El Kholy S, Al Naggar Y. Exposure to a sublethal concentration of CdO nanoparticles impairs the vision of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) by disrupting histamine synthesis and recycling mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27936-27947. [PMID: 36394804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While there is substantial literature on potential risks associated with exposure to emerging nanomaterials, less is known about the potential effects of hazardous metallic nanoparticles on vision, as well as the mechanisms that underpin them. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) was used as an in vivo model organism to investigate the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.03 mg CdO NPs/mL, which was 20% of the LC50) on fly vision and compound eye ultrastructure. First, we observed a reduction in phototaxis response in treated flies but no change in locomotor activity. Because histamine (HA) has been linked to arthropod vision, we investigated HA synthesis, uptake, and recycling as a possible underlying mechanism for the observed adverse effect of CdO NPs on fly vision. This was accomplished by measuring the expression of the histamine decarboxylase (hdc) gene, which encodes the enzyme that converts the amino acid histidine to histamine (HA), as well as the expression of some genes involved in HA-recycling pathways (tan, ebony, Balat, CarT, and Lovit). The results showed that CdO NPs changed the expression levels of hdc, Lovit, tan, and eboney, indicating that HA synthesis, transport, and recycling were disrupted. Furthermore, less histamine immunolabeling was found in the head tissues of CdO NP-treated flies, particularly in the optic lobes. We also observed and quantified CdO NP bioaccumulation in compound eye tissues, which resulted in a number of cytological changes. Phenotypic effects (undersized eyes) have also been observed in the compound eyes of F1 flies. Considering the significance of vision in an organism's survival, the findings of this study are extremely crucial, as long-term exposure to CdO NPs may result in blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar El Kholy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Pirih P, Ilić M, Meglič A, Belušič G. Opponent processing in the retinal mosaic of nymphalid butterflies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210275. [PMID: 36058238 PMCID: PMC9441239 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The eyes of nymphalid butterflies, investigated with incident illumination, show colourful facet reflection patterns—the eye shine—which is uniform or heterogeneous, dependent on the species. Facet colours suggest that the ommatidia contain different sets of photoreceptors and screening pigments, but how the colours and the cell characteristics are associated has not been clearly established. Here, we analyse the retinae of two nymphalids, Apatura ilia, which has a uniform eyeshine, and Charaxes jasius, a species with a heterogeneous eye shine, using single-cell recordings, spectroscopy and optical pupillometry. Apatura has UV-, blue- and green-sensitive photoreceptors, allocated into three ommatidial types. The UV- and blue-sensitive cells are long visual fibres (LVFs), receiving opponent input from the green-sensitive short visual fibres (SVFs). Charaxes has an expanded set of photoreceptors, allocated into three additional, red-reflecting ommatidial types. All red ommatidia contain green-sensitive LVFs, receiving opponent input from red receptors. In both species, the SVFs do not receive any opponent input. The simple retina of Apatura with three ommatidial types and two colour-opponent channels can support trichromatic vision. Charaxes has six ommatidial types and three colour-opponent channels. Its expanded receptor set can support tetrachromatic vision. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding colour vision: molecular, physiological, neuronal and behavioural studies in arthropods’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Pirih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Ilić
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Meglič
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Belušič
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Connectome of the lamina reveals the circuit for early color processing in the visual pathway of a butterfly. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2291-2299.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Belušič G, Ilić M, Meglič A, Pirih P. Red-green opponency in the long visual fibre photoreceptors of brushfoot butterflies (Nymphalidae). Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211560. [PMID: 34702070 PMCID: PMC8548807 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many butterflies, the ancestral trichromatic insect colour vision, based on UV-, blue- and green-sensitive photoreceptors, is extended with red-sensitive cells. Physiological evidence for red receptors has been missing in nymphalid butterflies, although some species can discriminate red hues well. In eight species from genera Archaeoprepona, Argynnis, Charaxes, Danaus, Melitaea, Morpho, Heliconius and Speyeria, we found a novel class of green-sensitive photoreceptors that have hyperpolarizing responses to stimulation with red light. These green-positive, red-negative (G+R-) cells are allocated to positions R1/2, normally occupied by UV and blue-sensitive cells. Spectral sensitivity, polarization sensitivity and temporal dynamics suggest that the red opponent units (R-) are the basal photoreceptors R9, interacting with R1/2 in the same ommatidia via direct inhibitory synapses. We found the G+R- cells exclusively in butterflies with red-shining ommatidia, which contain longitudinal screening pigments. The implementation of the red colour channel with R9 is different from pierid and papilionid butterflies, where cells R5-8 are the red receptors. The nymphalid red-green opponent channel and the potential for tetrachromacy seem to have been switched on several times during evolution, balancing between the cost of neural processing and the value of extended colour information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Belušič
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Ilić
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Meglič
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Grablovičeva 46, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pirih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pagni M, Haikala V, Oberhauser V, Meyer PB, Reiff DF, Schnaitmann C. Interaction of “chromatic” and “achromatic” circuits in Drosophila color opponent processing. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1687-1698.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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van der Kooi CJ, Stavenga DG, Arikawa K, Belušič G, Kelber A. Evolution of Insect Color Vision: From Spectral Sensitivity to Visual Ecology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:435-461. [PMID: 32966103 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-061720-071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is principally determined by the absorption spectrum of the expressed visual pigment, but it can be modified by various optical and electrophysiological factors. For example, screening and filtering pigments, rhabdom waveguide properties, retinal structure, and neural processing all influence the perceived color signal. We review the diversity in compound eye structure, visual pigments, photoreceptor physiology, and visual ecology of insects. Based on an overview of the current information about the spectral sensitivities of insect photoreceptors, covering 221 species in 13 insect orders, we discuss the evolution of color vision and highlight present knowledge gaps and promising future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper J van der Kooi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AK Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Doekele G Stavenga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AK Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Kentaro Arikawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan;
| | - Gregor Belušič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Almut Kelber
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, University of Lund, 22362 Lund, Sweden;
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Schnaitmann C, Pagni M, Reiff DF. Color vision in insects: insights from Drosophila. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:183-198. [PMID: 32020291 PMCID: PMC7069916 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Color vision is an important sensory capability that enhances the detection of contrast in retinal images. Monochromatic animals exclusively detect temporal and spatial changes in luminance, whereas two or more types of photoreceptors and neuronal circuitries for the comparison of their responses enable animals to differentiate spectral information independent of intensity. Much of what we know about the cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying color vision comes from research on vertebrates including primates. In insects, many important discoveries have been made, but direct insights into the physiology and circuit implementation of color vision are still limited. Recent advances in Drosophila systems neuroscience suggest that a complete insect color vision circuitry, from photoreceptors to behavior, including all elements and computations, can be revealed in future. Here, we review fundamental concepts in color vision alongside our current understanding of the neuronal basis of color vision in Drosophila, including side views to selected other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schnaitmann
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Manuel Pagni
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Dierk F Reiff
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany.
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Chromatic information processing in the first optic ganglion of the butterfly Papilio xuthus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 206:199-216. [PMID: 31838572 PMCID: PMC7069911 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The butterfly Papilio xuthus has acute tetrachromatic color vision. Its eyes are furnished with eight spectral classes of photoreceptors, situated in three types of ommatidia, randomly distributed in the retinal mosaic. Here, we investigated early chromatic information processing by recording spectral, angular, and polarization sensitivities of photoreceptors and lamina monopolar cells (LMCs). We identified three spectral classes of LMCs whose spectral sensitivities corresponded to weighted linear sums of the spectral sensitivities of the photoreceptors present in the three ommatidial types. In ~ 25% of the photoreceptor axons, the spectral sensitivities differed from those recorded at the photoreceptor cell bodies. These axons showed spectral opponency, most likely mediated by chloride ion currents through histaminergic interphotoreceptor synapses. The opponency was most prominent in the processes of the long visual fibers in the medulla. We recalculated the wavelength discrimination function using the noise-limited opponency model to reflect the new spectral sensitivity data and found that it matched well with the behaviorally determined function. Our results reveal opponency at the first stage of Papilio’s visual system, indicating that spectral information is preprocessed with signals from photoreceptors within each ommatidium in the lamina, before being conveyed downstream by the long visual fibers and the LMCs.
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