1
|
Chen Y, Li M, Wu Y. The occurrence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1389558. [PMID: 38699229 PMCID: PMC11063328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1389558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), known as "Yamanaka factors," can reprogram or stimulate the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Although OSKM is still the gold standard, there are multiple ways to reprogram cells into iPSCs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in improving the efficiency of this technology. Ten years after the first report was published, human pluripotent stem cells have gradually been applied in clinical settings, including disease modeling, cell therapy, new drug development, and cell derivation. Here, we provide a review of the discovery of iPSCs and their applications in disease and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guan T, Guo Y, Zhou T, Yu Q, Sun J, Sun B, Zhang G, Kong J. Oxidized SOD1 accelerates cellular senescence in neural stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:55. [PMID: 38414053 PMCID: PMC10900543 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cells (NSCs), especially human NSCs, undergo cellular senescence characterized by an irreversible proliferation arrest and loss of stemness after prolonged culture. While compelling correlative data have been generated to support the oxidative stress theory as one of the primary determinants of cellular senescence of NSCs, a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the accumulation of oxidation-mediated damage and cellular senescence of NSCs has yet to be firmly established. Human SOD1 (hSOD1) is susceptible to oxidation. Once oxidized, it undergoes aberrant misfolding and gains toxic properties associated with age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aims to examine the role of oxidized hSOD1 in the senescence of NSCs. METHODS NSCs prepared from transgenic mice expressing the wild-type hSOD1 gene were maintained in culture through repeated passages. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from culture media at each passage. To selectively knock down oxidized SOD1 in NSCs and EVs, we used a peptide-directed chaperone-mediated protein degradation system named CT4 that we developed recently. RESULTS In NSCs expressing the hSOD1 from passage 5, we detected a significant increase of oxidized hSOD1 and an increased expression of biomarkers of cellular senescence, including upregulation of P53 and SA-β-Gal and cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. The removal of oxidized SOD1 remarkably increased the proliferation and stemness of the NSCs. Meanwhile, EVs derived from senescent NSCs carrying the wild-type hSOD1 contained high levels of oxidized hSOD1, which could accelerate the senescence of young NSCs and induce the death of cultured neurons. The removal of oxidized hSOD1 from the EVs abolished their senescence-inducing activity. Blocking oxidized SOD1 on EVs with the SOD1 binding domain of the CT4 peptide mitigated its toxicity to neurons. CONCLUSION Oxidized hSOD1 is a causal factor in the cellular senescence of NSCs. The removal of oxidized hSOD1 is a strategy to rejuvenate NSCs and to improve the quality of EVs derived from senescent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Baoliang Sun
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Na SB, Seo BJ, Hong TK, Oh SY, Hong YJ, Song JH, Uhm SJ, Hong K, Do JT. Altered Mitochondrial Function and Accelerated Aging Phenotype in Neural Stem Cells Derived from Dnm1l Knockout Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14291. [PMID: 37762596 PMCID: PMC10532274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial for cellular energy metabolism and are involved in signaling, aging, and cell death. They undergo dynamic changes through fusion and fission to adapt to different cellular states. In this study, we investigated the effect of knocking out the dynamin 1-like protein (Dnm1l) gene, a key regulator of mitochondrial fission, in neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiated from Dnm1l knockout embryonic stem cells (Dnm1l-/- ESCs). Dnm1l-/- ESC-derived NSCs (Dnm1l-/- NSCs) exhibited similar morphology and NSC marker expression (Sox2, Nestin, and Pax6) to brain-derived NSCs, but lower Nestin and Pax6 expression than both wild-type ESC-derived NSCs (WT-NSCs) and brain-derived NSCs. In addition, compared with WT-NSCs, Dnm1l-/- NSCs exhibited distinct mitochondrial morphology and function, contained more elongated mitochondria, showed reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and showed a metabolic shift toward glycolysis for ATP production. Notably, Dnm1l-/- NSCs exhibited impaired self-renewal ability and accelerated cellular aging during prolonged culture, resulting in decreased proliferation and cell death. Furthermore, Dnm1l-/- NSCs showed elevated levels of inflammation and cell stress markers, suggesting a connection between Dnm1l deficiency and premature aging in NSCs. Therefore, the compromised self-renewal ability and accelerated cellular aging of Dnm1l-/- NSCs may be attributed to mitochondrial fission defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bin Na
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Bong-Jong Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Tae-Kyung Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Seung-Yeon Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Yean-Ju Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Sang-Jun Uhm
- Department of Animal Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Jeong-Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.N.); (B.-J.S.); (T.-K.H.); (S.-Y.O.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-H.S.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dong X, Wang H, Zhan L, Li Q, Li Y, Wu G, Wei H, Li Y. miR-153-3p suppresses the differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells via targeting GPR55. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8518-8527. [PMID: 37642951 PMCID: PMC10497013 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and decline. NSCs (neural stem cells) serve as beneficial and promising adjuncts to treat Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to determine the role of miR-153-3p expression in NSC differentiation and proliferation. We illustrated that miR-153-3p was decreased and GPR55 was upregulated during NSC differentiation. IL-1β can induce miR-153-3p expression. Luciferase reporter analysis noted that elevated expression of miR-153-3p significantly inhibited the luciferase value of the WT reporter plasmid but did not change the luciferase value of the mut reporter plasmid. Ectopic miR-153-3p expression suppressed GPR55 expression in NSCs and identified GPR55 as a direct target gene of miR-153-3p. Ectopic expression of miR-153-3p inhibited NSC growth and differentiation into astrocytes and neurons. Elevated expression of miR-153-3p induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, in NSCs. Furthermore, miR-153-3p inhibited NSC differentiation and proliferation by targeting GPR55 expression. These data suggested that miR-153-3p may act as a clinical target for the therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Liping Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Huan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yan’an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Schor J, Bartko J, Albert G, Halterman MW. The transcription factor C/EBPβ promotes vascular endothelial growth factor A expression and neural stem cell expansion. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1661-1671. [PMID: 35593120 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bZIP transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) exhibits neurogenic, neuritogenic, and pro-survival effects in the central nervous system. Here, we show that C/EBPβ regulates neural stem cell (NSC) expansion and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) level by acting on a C/EBPβ-responsive element within the Vegf-a promoter. As predicted, C/EBPβ depletion reduced VEGF-A production, NSC number, and average neurosphere size in proliferating cultures. Conversely, deletion of the C/EBPβ repressor CHOP-10 induced C/EBPβ and VEGF-A expression, while stimulating NSC expansion. These data highlight the role of C/EBPβ in regulating VEGF-A production and the growth of NSCs and suggest CHOP-dependent antagonism of C/EBPβ may function as a transcriptional rheostat linking stress-associated cues with stem cell quiescence among other pathological responses affecting the neurogenic niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Jonathan Schor
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Jonathan Bartko
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - George Albert
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Marc W Halterman
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
To Explore the Stem Cells Homing to GBM: The Rise to the Occasion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050986. [PMID: 35625723 PMCID: PMC9138893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple efforts are currently underway to develop targeted therapeutic deliveries to the site of glioblastoma progression. The use of carriers represents advancement in the delivery of various therapeutic agents as a new approach in neuro-oncology. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) are used because of their capability in migrating and delivering therapeutic payloads to tumors. Two of the main properties that carrier cells should possess are their ability to specifically migrate from the bloodstream and low immunogenicity. In this article, we also compared the morphological and molecular features of each type of stem cell that underlie their migration capacity to glioblastoma. Thus, the major focus of the current review is on proteins and lipid molecules that are released by GBM to attract stem cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Couch ACM, Berger T, Hanger B, Matuleviciute R, Srivastava DP, Thuret S, Vernon AC. Maternal immune activation primes deficiencies in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:410-422. [PMID: 34352366 PMCID: PMC8478664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the process in which new neurons are generated, occurs throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. Decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a common feature across psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression- and anxiety-related behaviours, and is highly regulated by environmental influences. Epidemiological studies have consistently implicated maternal immune activation (MIA) during neurodevelopment as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The extent to which the reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood may be driven by early life exposures, such as MIA, is however unclear. We therefore reviewed the literature for evidence of the involvement of MIA in disrupting AHN. Consistent with our hypothesis, data from both in vivo murine and in vitro human models of AHN provide evidence for key roles of specific cytokines induced by MIA in the foetal brain in disrupting hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation early in development. The precise molecular mechanisms however remain unclear. Nonetheless, these data suggest a potential latent vulnerability mechanism, whereby MIA primes dysfunction in the unique hippocampal pool of neural stem/progenitor cells. This renders offspring potentially more susceptible to additional environmental exposures later in life, such as chronic stress, resulting in the unmasking of psychopathology. We highlight the need for studies to test this hypothesis using validated animal models of MIA, but also to test the relevance of such data for human pathology at a molecular basis through the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) differentiated into hippocampal progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bjørn Hanger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Opportunities and Challenges in Stem Cell Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1341:143-175. [PMID: 33748933 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying aging, as a physiological process that can cause various pathological phenotypes, has attracted lots of attention due to its increasing burden and prevalence. Therefore, understanding its mechanism to find novel therapeutic alternatives for age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases is essential. Stem cell senescence plays an important role in aging. In the context of the underlying pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and genetic alterations, and other mechanisms have been studied and as a consequence, several rejuvenation strategies targeting these mechanisms like pharmaceutical interventions, genetic modification, and cellular reprogramming have been proposed. On the other hand, since stem cells have great potential for disease modeling, they have been useful for representing aging and its associated disorders. Accordingly, the main mechanisms of senescence in stem cells and promising ways of rejuvenation, along with some examples of stem cell models for aging are introduced and discussed. This review aims to prepare a comprehensive summary of the findings by focusing on the most recent ones to shine a light on this area of research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Navarro Negredo P, Yeo RW, Brunet A. Aging and Rejuvenation of Neural Stem Cells and Their Niches. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:202-223. [PMID: 32726579 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a profound and devastating effect on the brain. Old age is accompanied by declining cognitive function and enhanced risk of brain diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. A key question is whether cells with regenerative potential contribute to brain health and even brain "rejuvenation." This review discusses mechanisms that regulate neural stem cells (NSCs) during aging, focusing on the effect of metabolism, genetic regulation, and the surrounding niche. We also explore emerging rejuvenating strategies for old NSCs. Finally, we consider how new technologies may help harness NSCs' potential to restore healthy brain function during physiological and pathological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|