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Singer R, Oganezova I, Hu W, Liu L, Ding Y, de Groot HJM, Spaink HP, Alia A. Ultrahigh field diffusion magnetic resonance imaging uncovers intriguing microstructural changes in the adult zebrafish brain caused by Toll-like receptor 2 genomic deletion. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5170. [PMID: 38742727 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) belongs to the TLR protein family that plays an important role in the immune and inflammation response system. While TLR2 is predominantly expressed in immune cells, its expression has also been detected in the brain, specifically in microglia and astrocytes. Recent studies indicate that genomic deletion of TLR2 can result in impaired neurobehavioural function. It is currently not clear if the genomic deletion of TLR2 leads to any alterations in the microstructural features of the brain. In the current study, we noninvasively assess microstructural changes in the brain of TLR2-deficient (tlr2-/-) zebrafish using state-of-the art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods at ultrahigh magnetic field strength (17.6 T). A significant increase in cortical thickness and an overall trend towards increased brain volumes were observed in young tlr2-/- zebrafish. An elevated T2 relaxation time and significantly reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) unveil brain-wide microstructural alterations, potentially indicative of cytotoxic oedema and astrogliosis in the tlr2-/- zebrafish. Multicomponent analysis of the ADC diffusivity signal by the phasor approach shows an increase in the slow ADC component associated with restricted diffusion. Diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging analysis revealed diminished diffusivity and enhanced kurtosis in various white matter tracks in tlr2-/- compared with control zebrafish, identifying the microstructural underpinnings associated with compromised white matter integrity and axonal degeneration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the genomic deletion of TLR2 results in severe alterations to the microstructural features of the zebrafish brain. This study also highlights the potential of ultrahigh field diffusion MRI techniques in discerning exceptionally fine microstructural details within the small zebrafish brain, offering potential for investigating microstructural changes in zebrafish models of various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Singer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Oganezova
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wanbin Hu
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Alia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Amrein Almira A, Chen MW, El Demerdash N, Javdan C, Park D, Lee JK, Martin LJ. Proteasome localization and activity in pig brain and in vivo small molecule screening for activators. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1353542. [PMID: 38469354 PMCID: PMC10925635 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1353542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of proteasome function, proteinopathy, and proteotoxicity may cause neurodegeneration across the human lifespan in several forms of brain injury and disease. Drugs that activate brain proteasomes in vivo could thus have a broad therapeutic impact in neurology. Methods Using pigs, a clinically relevant large animal with a functionally compartmental gyrencephalic cerebral cortex, we evaluated the localization and biochemical activity of brain proteasomes and tested the ability of small molecules to activate brain proteasomes. Results By Western blotting, proteasome protein subunit PSMB5 and PSMA3 levels were similar in different pig brain regions. Immunohistochemistry for PSMB5 showed localization in the cytoplasm (diffuse and particulate) and nucleus (cytoplasm < nucleus). Some PSMB5 immunoreactivity was colocalized with mitochondrial (voltage-gated anion channel and cyclophilin D) and cell death (Aven) proteins in the neuronal soma and neuropil in the neocortex of pig and human brains. In the nucleus, PSMB5 immunoreactivity was diffuse, particulate, and clustered, including perinucleolar decorations. By fluorogenic assay, proteasome chymotrypsin-like activities (CTL) in crude tissue soluble fractions were generally similar within eight different pig brain regions. Proteasome CTL activity in the hippocampus was correlated with activity in nasal mucosa biopsies. In pilot analyses of subcellular fractions of pig cerebral cortex, proteasome CTL activity was highest in the cytosol and then ~50% lower in nuclear fractions; ~15-20% of total CTL activity was in pure mitochondrial fractions. With in-gel activity assay, 26S-singly and -doubly capped proteasomes were the dominant forms in the pig cerebral cortex. With a novel in situ histochemical activity assay, MG132-inhibitable proteasome CTL activity was localized to the neuropil, as a mosaic, and to cell bodies, nuclei, and centrosome-like perinuclear satellites. In piglets treated intravenously with pyrazolone derivative and chlorpromazine over 24 h, brain proteasome CTL activity was modestly increased. Discussion This study shows that the proteasome in the pig brain has relative regional uniformity, prominent nuclear and perinuclear presence with catalytic activity, a mitochondrial association with activity, 26S-single cap dominance, and indications from small molecule systemic administration of pyrazolone derivative and chlorpromazine that brain proteasome function appears safely activable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amrein Almira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - May W. Chen
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nagat El Demerdash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cameron Javdan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dongseok Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lee J. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Hu Z, Feng L, Jiang Q, Wang W, Tan B, Tang X, Yin Y. Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:364-374. [PMID: 38058568 PMCID: PMC10695851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by animals. It has been characterized into two different isomers, levorotation-Trp (L-Trp) and dextrorotation-Trp (D-Trp), based on their distinct molecule orientation. Intestinal epithelial cells and gut microbiota are involved in metabolizing L-Trp in the gut via the activation of the kynurenine, serotonin, and indole pathways. However, knowledge regarding D-Trp metabolism in the gut remains unclear. In this review, we briefly update the current understanding of intestinal L/D-Trp metabolism and the function of their metabolites in modulating the gut physiology and diseases. Finally, we summarize the effects of Trp nutrition on swine production at different stages, including growth performance in weaned piglets and growing pigs, as well as the reproduction performance in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Hu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Luya Feng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xiongzhuo Tang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Würtemberger U, Erny D, Rau A, Hosp JA, Akgün V, Reisert M, Kiselev VG, Beck J, Jankovic S, Reinacher PC, Hohenhaus M, Urbach H, Diebold M, Demerath T. Mesoscopic Assessment of Microstructure in Glioblastomas and Metastases by Merging Advanced Diffusion Imaging with Immunohistopathology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1262-1269. [PMID: 37884304 PMCID: PMC10631536 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glioblastomas and metastases are the most common malignant intra-axial brain tumors in adults and can be difficult to distinguish on conventional MR imaging due to similar imaging features. We used advanced diffusion techniques and structural histopathology to distinguish these tumor entities on the basis of microstructural axonal and fibrillar signatures in the contrast-enhancing tumor component. MATERIALS AND METHODS Contrast-enhancing tumor components were analyzed in 22 glioblastomas and 21 brain metastases on 3T MR imaging using DTI-fractional anisotropy, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging-orientation dispersion, and diffusion microstructural imaging-micro-fractional anisotropy. Available histopathologic specimens (10 glioblastomas and 9 metastases) were assessed for the presence of axonal structures and scored using 4-level scales for Bielschowsky staining (0: no axonal structures, 1: minimal axonal fragments preserved, 2: decreased axonal density, 3: no axonal loss) and glial fibrillary acid protein expression (0: no glial fibrillary acid protein positivity, 1: limited expression, 2: equivalent to surrounding parenchyma, 3: increased expression). RESULTS When we compared glioblastomas and metastases, fractional anisotropy was significantly increased and orientation dispersion was decreased in glioblastomas (each P < .001), with a significant shift toward increased glial fibrillary acid protein and Bielschowsky scores. Positive associations of fractional anisotropy and negative associations of orientation dispersion with glial fibrillary acid protein and Bielschowsky scores were revealed, whereas no association between micro-fractional anisotropy with glial fibrillary acid protein and Bielschowsky scores was detected. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed high predictive values of both fractional anisotropy (area under the curve = 0.8463) and orientation dispersion (area under the curve = 0.8398) regarding the presence of a glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Diffusion imaging fractional anisotropy and orientation dispersion metrics correlated with histopathologic markers of directionality and may serve as imaging biomarkers in contrast-enhancing tumor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Würtemberger
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (U.W., A.R., V.A., H.U., T.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology (D.E., M.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Program for Advanced Clinician Scientists (D.E.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rau
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (U.W., A.R., V.A., H.U., T.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas A Hosp
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (J.A.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veysel Akgün
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (U.W., A.R., V.A., H.U., T.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Medical Physics (M.R., V.G.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.R., P.C.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valerij G Kiselev
- Department of Medical Physics (M.R., V.G.K.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.B., M.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Jankovic
- Department of Radiology (S.J.), Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Center Nis, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Peter C Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.R., P.C.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (P.C.R.), Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Hohenhaus
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.B., M.H.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (U.W., A.R., V.A., H.U., T.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Diebold
- Institute of Neuropathology (D.E., M.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Program (M.D.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Theo Demerath
- From the Department of Neuroradiology (U.W., A.R., V.A., H.U., T.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Hazra R, Pu H, Foley LM, Little-Ihrig L, Hitchens TK, Ghosh S, Ofori-Acquah SF, Hu X, Novelli EM. White-matter abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction are linked to astrocyte activation in sickle mice. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad149. [PMID: 37215630 PMCID: PMC10194090 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
White-matter injury in sickle-cell disease (SCD) includes silent cerebral infarction diagnosed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a complication associated with cognitive dysfunction in children with SCD. The link between white-matter injury and cognitive dysfunction has not been fully elucidated. The goal of this study was to define whether cerebrovascular lesions and cognitive function in SCD are linked to neuroaxonal damage and astrocyte activation in humanized Townes' SCD mice homozygous for human sickle hemoglobin S (SS) and control mice homozygous for human normal hemoglobin A (AA). Mice underwent MRI with DTI and cognitive testing, and histology sections from their brains were stained to assess microstructural tissue damage, neuroaxonal damage, and astrocyte activation. Fractional anisotropy, showing microstructural cerebrovascular abnormalities identified by DTI in the white matter, was significantly associated with neuronal demyelination in the SS mouse brain. SS mice had reduced learning and memory function with a significantly lower discrimination index compared with AA control mice in the novel object recognition tests. Neuroaxonal damage in the SS mice was synchronously correlated with impaired neurocognitive function and activation of astrocytes. The interplay between astrocyte function and neurons may modulate cognitive performance in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimi Hazra
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Hongjian Pu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lesley M Foley
- Animal Imaging Center, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lynda Little-Ihrig
- Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Samit Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Solomon F Ofori-Acquah
- Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Guadilla I, González S, Cerdán S, Lizarbe B, López-Larrubia P. Magnetic resonance imaging to assess the brain response to fasting in glioblastoma-bearing rats as a model of cancer anorexia. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:36. [PMID: 37038232 PMCID: PMC10088192 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global energy balance is a vital process tightly regulated by the brain that frequently becomes dysregulated during the development of cancer. Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most investigated malignancies, but its appetite-related disorders, like anorexia/cachexia symptoms, remain poorly understood. METHODS We performed manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and subsequent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in adult male GBM-bearing (n = 13) or control Wistar rats (n = 12). A generalized linear model approach was used to assess the effects of fasting in different brain regions involved in the regulation of the global energy metabolism: cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and thalamus. The regions were selected on the contralateral side in tumor-bearing animals, and on the left hemisphere in control rats. An additional DTI-only experiment was completed in two additional GBM (n = 5) or healthy cohorts (n = 6) to assess the effects of manganese infusion on diffusion measurements. RESULTS MEMRI results showed lower T1 values in the cortex (p-value < 0.001) and thalamus (p-value < 0.05) of the fed ad libitum GBM animals, as compared to the control cohort, consistent with increased Mn2+ accumulation. No MEMRI-detectable differences were reported between fed or fasting rats, either in control or in the GBM group. In the MnCl2-infused cohorts, DTI studies showed no mean diffusivity (MD) variations from the fed to the fasted state in any animal cohort. However, the DTI-only set of acquisitions yielded remarkably decreased MD values after fasting only in the healthy control rats (p-value < 0.001), and in all regions, but thalamus, of GBM compared to control animals in the fed state (p-value < 0.01). Fractional anisotropy (FA) decreased in tumor-bearing rats due to the infiltrate nature of the tumor, which was detected in both diffusion sets, with (p-value < 0.01) and without Mn2+ administration (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that an altered physiological brain response to fasting occurred in hunger related regions in GBM animals, detectable with DTI, but not with MEMRI acquisitions. Furthermore, the present results showed that Mn2+ induces neurotoxic inflammation, which interferes with diffusion MRI to detect appetite-induced responses through MD changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guadilla
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara González
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Lizarbe
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Jones SA, Nagel BJ, Nigg JT, Karalunas SL. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and white matter microstructure: the importance of dimensional analyses and sex differences. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12109. [PMID: 36817187 PMCID: PMC9937645 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has substantial heterogeneity in clinical presentation. A potentially important clue may be variation in brain microstructure. Using fractional anisotropy (FA), previous studies have produced equivocal results in relation to ADHD. This may be due to insufficient consideration of possible sex differences and ADHD's multi-componential nature. Methods Using whole-brain analyses, we investigated the association between FA and both ADHD diagnosis and ADHD symptom domains in a well-characterized, ADHD (n = 234; 32% female youth) and non-ADHD (n = 177; 52% female youth), case-control cohort (ages 7-12). Sex-specific effects were tested. Results No ADHD group differences were found using categorical assessment of ADHD without consideration of moderators. However, dimensional analyses found total symptoms were associated with higher FA in the superior corona radiata. Further, inattention symptoms were associated with higher FA in the corpus callosum and ansa lenticularis, and lower FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, after control for overlap with hyperactivity-impulsivity. Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were associated with higher FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and lower FA in the superior cerebellar peduncles, after control for overlap with inattention. Meanwhile, both categorical and dimensional analyses revealed ADHD-by-sex interactions (voxel-wise p < 0.01). Girls with ADHD had higher FA, but boys with ADHD had lower FA (or no effect), compared to their same-sex peers, in the bilateral anterior corona radiata. Further, higher ADHD symptom severity was associated with higher FA in girls, but lower FA in boys, in the anterior and posterior corona radiata and cerebral peduncles. Conclusions ADHD symptom domains appear to be differentially related to white matter microstructure, highlighting the multi-componential nature of the disorder. Further, sex differences will be crucial to consider in future studies characterizing ADHD-related differences in white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Yang HE, Kim WT, Kim DH, Kim SW, Yoo WK. Utility of Diffusion and Magnetization Transfer MRI in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092090. [PMID: 36140491 PMCID: PMC9497906 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetization transfer (MT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help detect spinal cord pathology, and tract-specific analysis of their parameters, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and MT ratio (MTR), can give microstructural information. We performed the tract-based acquisition of MR parameters of three major motor tracts: the lateral corticospinal (CS), rubrospinal (RuS) tract, and lateral reticulospinal (RS) tract as well as two major sensory tracts, i.e., the fasciculus cuneatus (FC) and spinal lemniscus, to detect pathologic change and find correlations with clinical items. MR parameters were extracted for each tract at three levels: the most compressed lesion level and above and below the lesion. We compared the MR parameters of eight cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients and 12 normal controls and analyzed the correlation between clinical evaluation items and MR parameters in patients. RuS and lateral RS showed worse DTI parameters at the lesion level in patients compared to the controls. Worse DTI parameters in those tracts were correlated with weaker power grasp at the lesion level. FC and lateral CS showed a correlation between higher RD and lower FA and MTR with a weaker lateral pinch below the lesion level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hea-Eun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VHS Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea
| | - Wan-Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, VHS Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Abraham M, Mundorf A, Brodmann K, Freund N. Unraveling the mystery of white matter in depression: A translational perspective on recent advances. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2629. [PMID: 35652161 PMCID: PMC9304855 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous cortical and subcortical structures have been studied extensively concerning alterations of their integrity as well as their neurotransmitters in depression. However, connections between these structures have received considerably less attention. OBJECTIVE This systematic review presents results from recent neuroimaging as well as neuropathologic studies conducted on humans and other mammals. It aims to provide evidence for impaired white matter integrity in individuals expressing a depressive phenotype. METHODS A systematic database search in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify imaging and postmortem studies conducted on humans with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, as well as on rodents and primates subjected to an animal model of depression. RESULTS Alterations are especially apparent in frontal gyri, as well as in structures establishing interhemispheric connectivity between frontal regions. Translational neuropathological findings point to alterations in oligodendrocyte density and morphology, as well as to alterations in the expression of genes related to myelin synthesis. An important role of early life adversities in the development of depressive symptoms and white matter alterations across species is thereby revealed. Data indicating that stress can interfere with physiological myelination patterns is presented. Altered myelination is most notably present in regions that are subject to maturation during the developmental stage of exposure to adversities. CONCLUSION Translational studies point to replicable alterations in white matter integrity in subjects suffering from depression across multiple species. Impaired white matter integrity is apparent in imaging as well as neuropathological studies. Future studies should focus on determining to what extent influencing white matter integrity is able to improve symptoms of depression in animals as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Abraham
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Brodmann
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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10
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Han M, Seo H, Choi H, Lee EH, Park J. Localized Modification of Water Molecule Transport After Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Rat Brain. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:685977. [PMID: 34393708 PMCID: PMC8358078 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.685977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial solutes can be removed by various overlapping clearance systems, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport and glymphatic clearance. Recently, focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced BBB disruption (BBBD) has been applied to visualize glymphatic transport. Despite evidence that FUS-BBBD might facilitate glymphatic transport, the nature of fluid movement within the sonication region is yet to be determined. In this study, we sought to determine whether FUS-BBBD may facilitate the local movement of water molecules. Two different FUS conditions (0.60-0.65 MPa and 0.75-0.80 MPa) were used to induce BBBD in the caudate-putamen and thalamus regions of healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. The water diffusion caused by FUS-BBBD was analyzed using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity (RD), and fractional anisotropy, obtained at 5 min, 24 and 48 h, as well as the water channel expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) immunostaining at 48 h after FUS-induced BBBD. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin histopathology and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) immunostaining were performed to analyze brain damage. The signal changes in ADC and RD in the sonication groups showed significant and transient reduction at 5 min, with subsequent increases at 24 and 48 h after FUS-induced BBBD. When we applied higher sonication conditions, the ADC and RD showed enhancement until 48 h, and became comparable to contralateral values at 72 h. AQP-4 expression was upregulated after FUS-induced BBBD in both sonication conditions at 48 h. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence on how mechanical forces from FUS alter water dynamics through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures and AQP4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Han
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Seo
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Choi
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Lee
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
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11
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Liu D, Jiang D, Tekes A, Kulikowicz E, Martin LJ, Lee JK, Liu P, Qin Q. Multi-Parametric Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics in Neonatal Piglets Using Non-Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1053-1065. [PMID: 33955613 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of brain oxygen delivery and consumption after hypoxic-ischemic injury contributes to neonatal mortality and neurological impairment. Measuring cerebral hemodynamic parameters, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ), is clinically important. PURPOSE Phase-contrast (PC), velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL), and T2 -relaxation-under-phase-contrast (TRUPC) are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that have shown promising results in assessing cerebral hemodynamics in humans. We aimed to test their feasibility in quantifying CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 in piglets. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Ten neonatal piglets subacutely recovered from global hypoxia-ischemia (N = 2), excitotoxic brain injury (N = 6), or sham procedure (N = 2). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE VSASL, TRUPC, and PC MRI acquired at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT Regional CBF was measured by VSASL. Global CBF was quantified by both PC and VSASL. TRUPC assessed OEF at the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and internal cerebral veins (ICVs). CMRO2 was calculated from global CBF and SSS-derived OEF. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2 ) levels of the piglets were also measured. Brain damage was assessed in tissue sections postmortem by counting damaged neurons. STATISTICAL TESTS Spearman correlations were performed to evaluate associations among CBF (by PC or VSASL), OEF, CMRO2 , EtCO2 , and the pathological neuron counts. Paired t-test was used to compare OEF at SSS with OEF at ICV. RESULTS Global CBF was 32.1 ± 14.9 mL/100 g/minute and 30.9 ± 8.3 mL/100 g/minute for PC and VSASL, respectively, showing a significant correlation (r = 0.82, P < 0.05). OEF was 54.9 ± 8.8% at SSS and 46.1 ± 5.6% at ICV, showing a significant difference (P < 0.05). Global CMRO2 was 79.1 ± 26.2 μmol/100 g/minute and 77.2 ± 12.2 μmol/100 g/minute using PC and VSASL-derived CBF, respectively. EtCO2 correlated positively with PC-based CBF (r = 0.81, P < 0.05) but negatively with OEF at SSS (r = -0.84, P < 0.05). Relative CBF of subcortical brain regions and OEF at ICV did not significantly correlate, respectively, with the ratios of degenerating-to-total neurons (P = 0.30, P = 0.10). DATA CONCLUSION Non-contrast MRI can quantify cerebral hemodynamic parameters in normal and brain-injured neonatal piglets. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dengrong Jiang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aylin Tekes
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee J Martin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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