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Su G, Zhang Y, Jin C, Zhang Q, Lu J, Liu Z, Wang Q, Zhang X, Ma J. 3D printed zirconia used as dental materials: a critical review. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:78. [PMID: 38129905 PMCID: PMC10740276 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of its high mechanical performance, outstanding aesthetic qualities, and biological stability, zirconia has been widely used in the fields of dentistry. Due to its potential to produce suitable advanced configurations and structures for a number of medical applications, especially personalized created devices, ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) has been attracting a great deal of attention in recent years. AM zirconia hews out infinite possibilities that are otherwise barely possible with traditional processes thanks to its freedom and efficiency. In the review, AM zirconia's physical and adhesive characteristics, accuracy, biocompatibility, as well as their clinical applications have been reviewed. Here, we highlight the accuracy and biocompatibility of 3D printed zirconia. Also, current obstacles and a forecast of AM zirconia for its development and improvement have been covered. In summary, this review offers a description of the basic characteristics of AM zirconia materials intended for oral medicine. Furthermore, it provides a generally novel and fundamental basis for the utilization of 3D printed zirconia in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Su
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiarui Lu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zengqian Liu
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Hayashi T, Asakura M, Koie S, Hasegawa S, Mieki A, Aimu K, Kawai T. In Vitro Study of Zirconia Surface Modification for Dental Implants by Atomic Layer Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10101. [PMID: 37373249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia is a promising material for dental implants; however, an appropriate surface modification procedure has not yet been identified. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a nanotechnology that deposits thin films of metal oxides or metals on materials. The aim of this study was to deposit thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) on zirconia disks (ZR-Ti, ZR-Al, ZR-Si, and ZR-Zn, respectively) using ALD and evaluate the cell proliferation abilities of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) on each sample. Zirconia disks (ZR; diameter 10 mm) were fabricated using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. Following the ALD of TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, or ZnO thin film, the thin-film thickness, elemental distribution, contact angle, adhesion strength, and elemental elution were determined. The L929 and MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and morphologies on each sample were observed on days 1, 3, and 5 (L929) and days 1, 4, and 7 (MC3T3-E1). The ZR-Ti, ZR-Al, ZR-Si, and ZR-Zn thin-film thicknesses were 41.97, 42.36, 62.50, and 61.11 nm, respectively, and their average adhesion strengths were 163.5, 140.9, 157.3, and 161.6 mN, respectively. The contact angle on ZR-Si was significantly lower than that on all the other specimens. The eluted Zr, Ti, and Al amounts were below the detection limits, whereas the total Si and Zn elution amounts over two weeks were 0.019 and 0.695 ppm, respectively. For both L929 and MC3T3-E1, the cell numbers increased over time on ZR, ZR-Ti, ZR-Al, and ZR-Si. Particularly, cell proliferation in ZR-Ti exceeded that in the other samples. These results suggest that ALD application to zirconia, particularly for TiO2 deposition, could be a new surface modification procedure for zirconia dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhide Hayashi
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 1-00 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Masaki Asakura
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 1-00 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shin Koie
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Shogo Hasegawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Akimichi Mieki
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 1-00 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Koki Aimu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 1-00 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 1-00 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Khanlar LN, Salazar Rios A, Tahmaseb A, Zandinejad A. Additive Manufacturing of Zirconia Ceramic and Its Application in Clinical Dentistry: A Review. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9090104. [PMID: 34562978 PMCID: PMC8469515 DOI: 10.3390/dj9090104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has many advantages and became a valid manufacturing technique for polymers and metals in dentistry. However, its application for dental ceramics is still in process. Among dental ceramics, zirconia is becoming popular and widely used in dentistry mainly due to its outstanding properties. Although subtractive technology or milling is the state of art for manufacturing zirconia restorations but still has shortcomings. Utilizing AM in fabricating ceramics restorations is a new topic for many researchers and companies across the globe and a good understanding of AM of zirconia is essential for dental professional. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to illustrate different AM technologies available for processing zirconia and discus their advantages and future potential. A comprehensive literature review was completed to summarize different AM technologies that are available to fabricate zirconia and their clinical application is reported. The results show a promising outcome for utilizing AM of zirconia in restorative, implant and regenerative dentistry. However further improvements and validation is necessary to approve its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Alma Salazar Rios
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; (A.S.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ali Tahmaseb
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Amirali Zandinejad
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; (A.S.R.); (A.Z.)
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Moradi H, Beh Aein R, Youssef G. Multi-objective design optimization of dental implant geometrical parameters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 37:e3511. [PMID: 34302714 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In-silico investigations are becoming an integral part of the development of novel biomedical devices, including dental implants. Using computer simulations can streamline the process by tuning different geometrical and structural features, emphasizing the osseointegration of the implant design a priori, leading to the optimal designs in preparation for in-vivo trails. This research aims to elucidate the interrelationship between 12 geometrical variables that holistically define the shape of the implant. The approach to achieve optimality hinged on coupling the finite element analysis results with the fractional factorial design method. The latter was used to determine the most influential variables during the screening process, followed by the parameter optimization process using the response surface method, regarding four different objectives, namely: bone-implant contact area, volume of trabecular bone dead cells, volume of cortical bone dead cells, and axial displacement. This resulted in reducing the number of virtual experiments and substantially decreasing the computational cost without compromising the accuracy of the solution. It was found that the optimized values improved the performance significantly. The validity of all models was verified by comparing optimized responses with simulation results. A sensitivity analysis was performed on all five optimized models to address the effect of friction coefficient on the implant-bone joint interaction. It was shown that the mechanical behavior of implant-bone would be independent in higher friction coefficients. The significance of this study is demonstrated in determining the most effective and optimized values of all possible geometrical parameters considering their singular or interactive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roozbeh Beh Aein
- D.M.D. Department of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - George Youssef
- Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, California, USA
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Gonzalez J, Nacy S, Youssef G. Finite element analysis of human skull bone adaptation to mechanical loading. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:1-12. [PMID: 33241705 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1850703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bones self-optimize their mechanical behavior in response to mechanical stimulus. The objective of this research was to develop an integrated bone remodeling and stress binning algorithms into a finite element environment to elucidate the evolution of the bone properties as a function of loading. The bone remodeling algorithm was used to calculate the change in the density and elastic modulus based on the strain energy stimulus. The stress-binning procedure seeks to assign the properties to each element based on the levels of stress from the previous cycle, eliminating pseudo-lazy-zoning and stress dilation effects. The developed algorithms were used to analyze the response skull to loading associated with orthodontic devices. Specifically, a load was applied between the roots of the canine teeth and the first premolars while constraining the foramen magnum. Full-field contours of the displacement, strain, and strain energy were extracted after each remodeling cycle at nine commonly cephalometric landmarks. The results indicate that the overall mechanical response and the associated properties reached a steady-state behavior after nearly 50 cycles of applying the algorithm, where different zones within the skull exhibited unique evolution based on the locations from the loading and boundary sites. When approaching this steady-state condition, it was found that the upper incisor displacement is reduced by 72%, and the density is reduced by almost 7.5%. The finite element approach can be used in defining the treatment process by dynamically changing the loads. Future research will focus on integrating the time-dependent behavior of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gonzalez
- Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Somer Nacy
- Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - George Youssef
- Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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DEMİRALP E, DOĞRU G, YILMAZ H. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (3D PRINTING) METHODS AND APPLICATIONS IN DENTISTRY. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.786018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effect of nano-TiO2 on properties of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic via layered extrusion forming. Ann Ital Chir 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhou X, Gan Y, Zhao Q, Xiong J, Xia Z. Simulation of orthodontic force of archwire applied to full dentition using virtual bracket displacement method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 35:e3189. [PMID: 30790479 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Orthodontic force simulation of tooth provides important guidance for clinical orthodontic treatment. However, previous studies did not involve the simulation of orthodontic force of archwire applied to full dentition. This study aimed to develop a method to simulate orthodontic force of tooth produced by loading a continuous archwire to full dentition using finite element method. METHOD A three-dimensional tooth-periodontal ligament-bone complex model of mandible was reconstructed from computed tomography images, and models of brackets and archwire were built. The simulation was completed through two steps. First, node displacements of archwire before and after loading were estimated through moving virtual brackets to drive archwire deformation. Second, the obtained node displacements were loaded to implement the loading of archwire, and orthodontic force was calculated. An orthodontic force tester (OFT) was used to measure orthodontic force in vitro for the validation. RESULTS After the simulation convergence, archwire was successfully loaded to brackets, and orthodontic force of teeth was obtained. Compared with the measured orthodontic force using the OFT, the absolute difference of the simulation results ranged from 0.5 to 22.7 cN for force component and ranged from 2.2 to 80.0 cN•mm for moment component, respectively. The relative difference of the simulation results ranged from 2.5% to 11.0% for force component, and ranged from 0.6% to 14.7% for moment component, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed orthodontic force simulation method based on virtual bracket displacement can be used to simulate orthodontic force provided by the archwire applied to full dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhou
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhou Gan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunfei Zhao
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyang Xia
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
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Pessanha-Andrade M, Sordi MB, Henriques B, Silva FS, Teughels W, Souza JCM. Custom-made root-analogue zirconia implants: A scoping review on mechanical and biological benefits. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:2888-2900. [PMID: 30070423 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the potential benefits of custom-made root-analogue zirconia implants. A PubMed and ScienceDirect bibliographical search was carried out from 1969 to 2017. The increased interest in zirconia-based dental structures linked to aesthetic and biological outcomes have been reported in literature. Recent technological advances have focused on novel strategies for modification of zirconia-based surfaces to accelerate osseointegration. However, only a few studies revealed mechanical and biological benefits of custom-made root-analogue zirconia implants and therefore further studies should investigate the influence of different design and surface modification on the performance of such implants. Custom-made root-analogue zirconia implants have become a viable alternative to overcome limitations concerning stress distribution, aesthetics, and peri-implantitis induced by biofilms. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies on surface-bone interactions and mechanical behavior of zirconia should be evaluated to reduce clinical issues regarding mechanical failures and late peri-implant bone loss. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2888-2900, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pessanha-Andrade
- Division of Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariane B Sordi
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
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Seitz KF, Grabe J, Köhne T. A three-dimensional topology optimization model for tooth-root morphology. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2018; 21:177-185. [PMID: 29409345 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1431778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To obtain the root of a lower incisor through structural optimization, we used two methods: optimization with Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) and Soft-Kill Option (SKO). The optimization was carried out in combination with a finite element analysis in Abaqus/Standard. The model geometry was based on cone-beam tomography scans of 10 adult males with healthy bone-tooth interface. Our results demonstrate that the optimization method using SIMP for minimum compliance could not adequately predict the actual root shape. The SKO method, however, provided optimization results that were comparable to the natural root form and is therefore suitable to set up the basic topology of a dental root.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-F Seitz
- a Institute of Geotechnical Engineering and Construction Management , Hamburg University of Technology , Hamburg , Germany
| | - J Grabe
- a Institute of Geotechnical Engineering and Construction Management , Hamburg University of Technology , Hamburg , Germany
| | - T Köhne
- b Department of Orthodontics , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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