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Wm Te Loo DM, Harbers V, Vermeltfoort L, Coenen MJ. Influence of genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sirolimus: a systematic review. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:629-639. [PMID: 37551646 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus is an antiproliferative and immunosuppressive compound inhibiting the mTOR pathway, which is often activated in congenital low-flow vascular malformations. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of sirolimus for this disease. Studies in kidney transplant patients suggest that genetic variants can influence these pharmacokinetic parameters. Therefore, a systematic literature search was performed to gain insight into pharmacogenetic studies with sirolimus. Most studies investigated CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, with inconsistent results. No pharmacogenetic studies focusing on sirolimus have been performed for low-flow vascular malformations. We analyzed two common variants of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 (CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3, respectively) in patients (n = 59) with congenital low-flow vascular malformations treated with sirolimus. No association with treatment outcome was identified in this small cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maroeska Wm Te Loo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc Center of Expertise Hemangiomas & Congenital Vascular Malformations Nijmegen, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud university medical center, Rene Descartes Dreef 1, Nijmegen, 6525 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Veroniek Harbers
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 22, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Vermeltfoort
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Jh Coenen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
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Shen G, Moua KTY, Perkins K, Johnson D, Li A, Curtin P, Gao W, McCune JS. Precision sirolimus dosing in children: The potential for model-informed dosing and novel drug monitoring. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1126981. [PMID: 37021042 PMCID: PMC10069443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1126981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR inhibitor sirolimus is prescribed to treat children with varying diseases, ranging from vascular anomalies to sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis to transplantation (solid organ or hematopoietic cell). Precision dosing of sirolimus using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of sirolimus concentrations in whole blood drawn at the trough (before the next dose) time-point is the current standard of care. For sirolimus, trough concentrations are only modestly correlated with the area under the curve, with R 2 values ranging from 0.52 to 0.84. Thus, it should not be surprising, even with the use of sirolimus TDM, that patients treated with sirolimus have variable pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and effectiveness. Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) will be beneficial and should be implemented. The data do not suggest dried blood spots point-of-care sampling of sirolimus concentrations for precision dosing of sirolimus. Future research on precision dosing of sirolimus should focus on pharmacogenomic and pharmacometabolomic tools to predict sirolimus pharmacokinetics and wearables for point-of-care quantitation and MIPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Shen
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Sciences, City of Hope, and Department of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Kao Tang Ying Moua
- Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn Perkins
- Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Deron Johnson
- Clinical Informatics, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Arthur Li
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter Curtin
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Sciences, City of Hope, and Department of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jeannine S. McCune
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Sciences, City of Hope, and Department of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Development and characterization of self-assembling sirolimus-loaded micelles as a sublingual delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu J, Feng D, Kan X, Zheng M, Zhang X, Wang Z, Sun L, Chen H, Gao X, Lu T, Gu M, Tan R, Han Z. Polymorphisms in the CYP3A5 gene significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus after kidney transplantation. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:903-912. [PMID: 34523354 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Sirolimus (SIR) is an immunosuppressant with limitations, including a narrow treatment window, multiple adverse reactions and large differences within and among individuals. Objective: The correlation between numerous SNPs and SIR in terms of trough concentration in the early stage after kidney transplantation was analyzed. Materials & methods: A retrospective cohort study involving 69 kidney transplantation recipients was designed. Blood samples were collected to extract total DNAs, and trough SIR concentrations were measured. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SNPs and SIR trough concentrations. Results: At 7 days, 1 month and 3 months, the mean SIR trough concentration of patients in the CYP3A5 rs4646453-CC group was significantly higher than that in the CYP3A5 rs4646453-AA and CYP3A5 rs4646453-CA groups (p < 0.001) and CYP3A5 rs15524-AA group was significantly higher than that in the CYP3A5 rs15524-AG and CYP3A5 rs15524-GG groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicated that both CYP3A5 rs4646453 and CYP3A5 rs15524 had a certain influence on SIR trough concentration at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Dengyuan Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Xuechun Kan
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
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