Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of a New Branded Generic Moxifloxacin Tablet Among Healthy Volunteers

Apixaban Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Two Tablet Formulations: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study, Fasting Condition in Healthy Indonesian Volunteers

The present study aimed to assess the bioequivalence of a new apixaban generic with reference formulation. Twenty-six healthy volunteers were recruited for an open-label, balanced, randomized, 2-treatment, 2-sequence, 2-period, single oral dose study. Following overnight fasting, each volunteer received 5 mg of apixaban test and reference formulations as single doses, separated by a 1-week washout period. Twenty blood samples were collected at predose and multiple time points between 0.5 and 72 hours after dosing. A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection method following a protein precipitation step was implemented to determine apixaban concentrations. Noncompartmental analysis was used to derive the pharmacokinetic parameters, which were then compared between the test and reference products using a multivariate analysis of variance. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test product were not statistically different from the reference product, and the 90% confidence intervals of apixaban natural log-transformed area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity, area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and maximum concentration were within 80%-125% based on the bioequivalence acceptance range criteria. The test and reference formulations of apixaban are bioequivalent in healthy subjects under fasting conditions.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Azithromycin Tablet Formulations: A Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Stage Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers

The current study aimed to assess the bioequivalence of a new branded azithromycin with the reference formulation. An open-label, randomized, 2-stage, crossover study design was implemented involving 77 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Each volunteer received a single dose of 250-mg azithromycin tablets test and reference formulations separated by a 21-day washout period. Twenty-two samples were collected at pre-dose and until 72 hours post-dose. Azithromycin concentrations were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry validated method following a solid-phase plasma extraction. Noncompartmental analysis was carried out to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters, which were compared between the test and reference products using a multivariate analysis of variance. The difference between C_max and AUC_0-72 of the test and reference formulation was not significant. The 94.1% confidence intervals of ln-transformed C_max and AUC_0-72 of azithromycin were within the bioequivalence acceptance limits of 80%-125%, therefore it can be concluded that the tested formulation is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.