1
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Miton L, Antonetti E, Poujade M, Dutasta JP, Nava P, Martinez A, Cotelle Y. Self-assembled tetrazine cryptophane for ion pair recognition and guest release by cage disassembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5217-5220. [PMID: 38656223 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hereby, we describe the synthesis of a self-assembled syn-cryptophane using dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of tetrazines. 1H NMR cage titrations reveal that the tetramethylammonium cation binds under slow exchange conditions while counter-anions show a fast exchange regime. Finally, the cryptophane can be disassembled by the addition of thiols allowing guest release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Miton
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Elise Antonetti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Marie Poujade
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- ENS Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Paola Nava
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Yoann Cotelle
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France.
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2
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Eduardus, Shagam Y, Landau A, Faraji S, Schwerdtfeger P, Borschevsky A, Pašteka LF. Large vibrationally induced parity violation effects in CHDBrI . Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14579-14582. [PMID: 37990542 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The isotopically chiral molecular ion CHDBrI+ is identified as an exceptionally promising candidate for the detection of parity violation in vibrational transitions. The largest predicted parity-violating frequency shift reaches 1.8 Hz for the hydrogen wagging mode which has a sub-Hz natural line width and its vibrational frequency auspiciously lies in the available laser range. In stark contrast to this result, the parent neutral molecule is two orders of magnitude less sensitive to parity violation. The origin of this effect is analyzed and explained. Precision vibrational spectroscopy of CHDBrI+ is feasible as it is amenable to preparation at internally low temperatures and resistant to predissociation, promoting long interrogation times (Landau et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2023, 159, 114307). The intersection of these properties in this molecular ion places the first observation of parity violation in chiral molecules within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardus
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yuval Shagam
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute and The Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Landau
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute and The Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lukáš F Pašteka
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity (VSI), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Hochberg D, Buhse T, Micheau JC, Ribó JM. Chiral selectivity vs. noise in spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31583-31595. [PMID: 37882619 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Mirror symmetry breaking bifurcations, that occur in nonlinear chemical systems leading to final chiral states with very large enantiomeric excess, can be exploited as an efficient chiral signal selector for even the smallest chiral polarizations. This effect of the chiral polarization requires the system's capacity for overcoming thermal noise, which is manifested as fluctuating reaction rate constants. Therefore, we investigate the chiral selectivity across a range of tiny parity-violating energy differences (PVED) in the presence of inevitable non-equilibrium temperature fluctuations. We use a stochastic differential equation simulation methodology (Ito process) that serves as a valuable tool in open systems for identifying the thresholds at which the chiral force induces chiral selectivity in the presence of non-equilibrium temperature fluctuations. This approach enables us to include and analyze chiral selectivity in the presence of other types of fluctuations, such as perturbations in the rate of fluid flow into and out of the reactor and in the clamped input concentrations. These concepts may be of practical interest (i.e., spontaneous deracemizations) but are also useful for a better understanding of the general principles governing the emergence of biological homochirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir Kilómetro 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire Softmat (ex IMRCP), UMR au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Josep M Ribó
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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4
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Handed Mirror Symmetry Breaking at the Photo-Excited State of π-Conjugated Rotamers in Solutions. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest to decode the evolution of homochirality of life on earth has stimulated research at the molecular level. In this study, handed mirror symmetry breaking, and molecular parity violation hypotheses of systematically designed π-conjugated rotamers possessing anthracene and bianthracene core were evinced via circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD). The CPL signals were found to exhibit a (−)-sign, and a handed dissymmetry ratio, which increased with viscosity of achiral solvents depending on the rotation barrier of rotamers. The time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and quantum efficiency measurement of these luminophores in selected solvents reinforced the hypothesis of a viscosity-induced consistent increase of the (−)-sign handed CPL signals.
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5
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Horný Ľ, Quack M. Computation of molecular parity violation using the coupled-cluster linear response approach. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ľuboš Horný
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Quack
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Quack M. On Biomolecular Homochirality as a Quasi-Fossil of the Evolution of Life. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118959602.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Wormit M, Olejniczak M, Deppenmeier AL, Borschevsky A, Saue T, Schwerdtfeger P. Strong enhancement of parity violation effects in chiral uranium compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:17043-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of molecular candidates for parity violation measurements. The chiral UNXYZ compounds are predicted to exhibit strong parity violating effects which are up to an order of magnitude larger than for any of the previously suggested candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wormit
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing
- Heidelberg University
- D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Olejniczak
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques
- Université de Toulouse 3 (Paul Sabatier)
- 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Centre of Theoretical Chemistry and Physics
- Massey University
- Auckland, New Zealand
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz
- Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Trond Saue
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques
- Université de Toulouse 3 (Paul Sabatier)
- 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre of Theoretical Chemistry and Physics
- Massey University
- Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Tokunaga SK, Stoeffler C, Auguste F, Shelkovnikov A, Daussy C, Amy-Klein A, Chardonnet C, Darquié B. Probing weak force-induced parity violation by high-resolution mid-infrared molecular spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.821186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Tokunaga
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - C. Stoeffler
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - F. Auguste
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - A. Shelkovnikov
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - C. Daussy
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - A. Amy-Klein
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - C. Chardonnet
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
| | - B. Darquié
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers , Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL , Villetaneuse, France
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9
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Hobi F, Berger R, Stohner J. Investigation of parity violation in nuclear spin-rotation interaction of fluorooxirane. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.816444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hobi
- Zürich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry ICBC , Campus Reidbach, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland
| | - Robert Berger
- TU Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf Institute , Petersenstrasse 22, Darmstadt, DE-64287, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Zürich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry ICBC , Campus Reidbach, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland
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10
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Saleh N, Zrig S, Roisnel T, Guy L, Bast R, Saue T, Darquié B, Crassous J. A chiral rhenium complex with predicted high parity violation effects: synthesis, stereochemical characterization by VCD spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:10952-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Abstract
We review the frontiers of spectroscopy from a historical perspective, starting with the development of atomic spectroscopy about 150 years ago, followed by some comments on selected previous Faraday Discussions. As the spectrum of frontiers at the Faraday Discussion 150 is very broad, we give only a brief survey providing a map of the various frontiers approached today. This is followed by an exemplary discussion of one particular frontier towards the spectroscopic detection of symmetry violations in fundamental physics. In particular the understanding of parity violation in chiral molecules has recently made great progress. We briefly describe the advances made in recent decades as well as the current status of theory and experiments in this exciting field of research. We conclude with an outlook on open questions and frontiers of the future in spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Darquié B, Stoeffler C, Shelkovnikov A, Daussy C, Amy-Klein A, Chardonnet C, Zrig S, Guy L, Crassous J, Soulard P, Asselin P, Huet TR, Schwerdtfeger P, Bast R, Saue T. Progress toward the first observation of parity violation in chiral molecules by high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Chirality 2011; 22:870-84. [PMID: 20839292 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parity violation (PV) effects in chiral molecules have so far never been experimentally observed. To take up this challenge, a consortium of physicists, chemists, theoreticians, and spectroscopists has been established and aims at measuring PV energy differences between two enantiomers by using high-resolution laser spectroscopy. In this article, we present our common strategy to reach this goal, the progress accomplished in the diverse areas, and point out directions for future PV observations. The work of André Collet on bromochlorofluoromethane (1) enantiomers, their synthesis, and their chiral recognition by cryptophanes made feasible the first generation of experiments presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Darquié
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, UMR7538 Université Paris 13-CNRS, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
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13
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Stoeffler C, Darquié B, Shelkovnikov A, Daussy C, Amy-Klein A, Chardonnet C, Guy L, Crassous J, Huet TR, Soulard P, Asselin P. High resolution spectroscopy of methyltrioxorhenium: towards the observation of parity violation in chiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:854-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01806f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Schnell M, Küpper J. Tailored molecular samples for precision spectroscopy experiments. Faraday Discuss 2011; 150:33-49; discussion 113-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fd00009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Bast R, Koers A, Gomes ASP, Iliaš M, Visscher L, Schwerdtfeger P, Saue T. Analysis of parity violation in chiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 13:864-76. [PMID: 21140024 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to guide the experimental search for parity violation in molecular systems, in part motivated by the possible link to biomolecular homochirality, we present a detailed analysis in a relativistic framework of the mechanism behind the tiny energy difference between enantiomers induced by the weak force. A decomposition of the molecular expectation value into atomic contributions reveals that the effect can be thought of as arising from a specific mixing of valence s(1/2) and p(1/2) orbitals on a single center induced by a chiral molecular field. The intra-atomic nature of the effect is further illustrated by visualization of the electron chirality density and suggests that a simple model for parity violation in molecules may be constructed by combining pre-calculated atomic quantities with simple bonding models. A 2-component relativistic computational procedure is proposed which bridges the relativistic and non-relativistic approaches to the calculation of parity violation in chiral molecules and allows us to explore the single-center theorem in a variational setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Bast
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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16
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Figgen D, Saue T, Schwerdtfeger P. Relativistic four- and two-component calculations of parity violation effects in chiral tungsten molecules of the form NWXYZ (X, Y, Z=H, F, Cl, Br, or I). J Chem Phys 2010; 132:234310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3439692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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De Montigny F, Bast R, Gomes ASP, Pilet G, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C, Guy L, Schwerdtfeger P, Saue T, Crassous J. Chiral oxorhenium(V) complexes as candidates for the experimental observation of molecular parity violation: a structural, synthetic and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8792-803. [PMID: 20532288 DOI: 10.1039/b925050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and resolution of a series of new chiral "3 + 1" oxorhenium(V) complexes, designed for high-resolution laser spectroscopy experiments probing molecular parity-violation (PV) effects in the Re=O stretching mode frequency. These complexes display a particularly simple chemical structure, with the rhenium atom as the stereogenic center, and show large PV energy differences according to our calculations. They were obtained in the racemic and enantioenriched forms, in the latter case by using either semi-preparative chiral HPLC resolution or enantioselective synthesis. The vibrational transition frequency differences between the enantiomeric pairs due to PV have been calculated with two- and four-component relativistic Hamiltonians using Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT). For three complexes, including one synthesized in enantioenriched form, our HF calculations predict frequency differences above the present resolution limit of 1 Hz. These results confirm the order of magnitude for the calculated HF PV vibrational frequency differences reported earlier for this class of compounds [P. Schwerdtfeger and R. Bast, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 1652]. However, at the DFT level the PV vibrational frequency differences are in some cases reduced by an order of magnitude, but are still within the sensitivity of 0.01 Hz, which is the anticipated sensitivity in a new proposed experiment. We therefore believe that the present study represents an important step towards the experimental observation of PV in molecular systems, and emphasizes the extreme sensitivity of the PV vibrational frequency difference to the chemical environment around the rhenium center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic De Montigny
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie Paris UMR 7223, CNRS-ENSCP Paris Cedex 05, France
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18
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Figgen D, Schwerdtfeger P. Structures, inversion barriers, and parity violation effects in chiral SeOXY molecules (X,Y=H, F, Cl, Br, or I). J Chem Phys 2009; 130:054306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3072370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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De Montigny F, Guy L, Pilet G, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C, Lombardi R, Freedman TB, Nafie LA, Crassous J. Subtle chirality in oxo- and sulfidorhenium(v) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4841-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b907924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Gajda R, Katrusiak A, Crassous J. Pressure-controlled aggregation in carboxylic acids. A case study on the polymorphism of bromochlorofluoroacetic acid. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b910409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Francisco CG, González CC, Kennedy AR, Paz NR, Suárez E. Fragmentation of carbohydrate anomeric alkoxyl radicals: new synthesis of chiral 1-fluoro-1-halo-1-iodoalditols. Chemistry 2008; 14:6704-12. [PMID: 18576400 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new general methodology for the synthesis of 1,1,1-trihaloalditols by starting from 1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-hex-1-enitol derivatives (glycals) is described. The halogens are introduced sequentially in each of the three different steps of the process. The fluorine is introduced in the first step by electrophilic fluorination of the starting glycal; next, hydroxyhalogenation of the resulting vinyl fluoride allows the addition of any halogen (F, Cl, Br or I) at will, and finally, an iodine atom is inserted through an alkoxyl radical fragmentation reaction. This methodology allows the preparation of diverse types of 1,1,1-trihalogenated compounds (R--CF(2)I, R--CFI(2), R--CFClI and R--CFBrI) under mild conditions compatible with sensitive substituents. In some cases, the diastereomeric mixtures generated from R--CFClI and R--CFBrI can be chromatographically separated, and their configuration determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The synthetic usefulness of these compounds has been preliminarily assessed by examining the reactivity of the fluorinated radical generated by rupture of the C--I bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme G Francisco
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Carretera de La Esperanza 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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22
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Quack M, Stohner J, Willeke M. High-Resolution Spectroscopic Studies and Theory of Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2008; 59:741-69. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review the high-resolution spectroscopic approach toward the study of intramolecular dynamics, emphasizing molecular parity violation. Theoretical work in the past decade has shown that parity-violating potentials in chiral molecules are much larger (typically one to two orders of magnitude) than anticipated on the basis of older theories. This makes experimental approaches toward small molecular parity-violating effects promising. The concepts and results of intramolecular dynamics derived from spectroscopy are analyzed as a sequence of symmetry breakings. We summarize the concepts of symmetry breakings (de facto and de lege) in view of parity violation in chiral molecules. The experimental schemes and the current status of spectroscopic experiments on molecular parity violation are established. We discuss the promises of detecting and accurately measuring parity-violating energy differences Δpv E on the order of 10−11 J mol−1 (approximately 100 aeV) in enantiomers of chiral molecules with regard to their contribution to fundamental physics in the framework of the standard model of particle physics and more speculative future fundamental symmetry tests such as for the combined charge conjugation, parity, and time-reversal (CPT) symmetry violation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- ETH Zürich Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Permanent address: Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Martin Willeke
- Permanent address: Departement für Materialwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Lassen PR, Guy L, Karame I, Roisnel T, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C, Cao X, Lombardi R, Crassous J, Freedman TB, Nafie LA. Synthesis and vibrational circular dichroism of enantiopure chiral oxorhenium(V) complexes containing the hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate ligand. Inorg Chem 2007; 45:10230-9. [PMID: 17140231 DOI: 10.1021/ic061418m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The infrared and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of six chiral oxorhenium(V) complexes, bearing a hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) ligand, have been investigated. These complexes are promising candidates for observation of parity violation (symmetry breaking due to the weak nuclear force). New chiral oxorhenium complexes have been synthesized, namely, [TpReO(eta2-O(CH3)CH2CH2O-O,O)] (4a and 4b) diastereomers and [TpReO(eta2-N(CH3)CH2CH2O-N,O)] (5) and [TpReO(eta2-N(tBu)CH2CH2O-N,O)] (6) enantiomers. All compounds could be obtained in enantiomerically pure form by using either column chromatography or HPLC over chiral columns. VCD spectroscopy of these compounds and of [TpReO(eta2-N(CH3)CH(CH3)CH(Ph)O-N,O)] (2) and [TpReO(eta2-N(CH2)3CHCO2-N,O)] (3) (with chiral bidentate ligands derived, respectively, from ephedrine and proline) were studied. This allowed the absolute configuration determination of all compounds together with their conformational analysis, by comparing calculated and experimental spectra. This is the first VCD study of rhenium complexes which further demonstrates the applicability of VCD spectroscopy in determining the chirality of inorganic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Lassen
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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Berger R, van Wüllen C. Density functional calculations of molecular parity-violating effects within the zeroth-order regular approximation. J Chem Phys 2006; 122:134316. [PMID: 15847474 DOI: 10.1063/1.1869467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A (quasirelativistic) two-component density functional theory (DFT) approach to the computation of parity-violating energy differences between enantiomers is presented which is based on the zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA). This approach is employed herein to compute parity-violating energy differences between several P and M conformations of dihydrogen dichalcogenides (H2X2 with X=O, S, Se, Te, Po), of which some compounds have recently been suggested as potential molecular candidates for the first experimental measurement of parity-violating effects in chiral molecules. The DFT ZORA results obtained in this work with "pure" density functionals are anticipated to deviate by well less than 1% from data that would be computed within related (relativistic) four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham-Coulomb schemes. In our implementation of the ZORA slightly larger relative deviations are expected for hybrid functionals, depending on the amount of "exact" exchange. For B3LYP (20% exact exchange) differences are estimated to amount to at most 3% in hydrogen peroxide, 2% in disulfane, and 1% or less for the heavier homologs. Thus, the present two-component approach is expected to perform excellently when compared to four-component density functional schemes while being at the same time computationally more efficient. The ZORA approach will therefore be of particular interest for the prediction of parity-violating vibrational frequency shifts, for instance, in isotopomers of H(2)Se(2) and H(2)Te(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Berger
- Chemistry Department, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Fokin AA, Schreiner PR, Berger R, Robinson GH, Wei P, Campana CF. Pseudotetrahedral Polyhalocubanes: Synthesis, Structures, and Parity Violating Energy Differences. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:5332-3. [PMID: 16620091 DOI: 10.1021/ja060781p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
All possible pseudotetrahedral, stable polyhalocubanes were prepared, and their structures were proven by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Parity violating energy differences (DeltaEpv) and vibrational frequency shifts were computed. The DeltaEpv values are predicted to be one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those for the corresponding polyhalomethanes. However, the DeltaEpv energy ordering is the same as that for the methane analogues. For both substance classes, the (S) isomers are, with the exception of the bromochlorofluoroiodo derivatives, more stable than the (R) forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Justus-Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Soulard P, Asselin P, Cuisset A, Aviles Moreno JR, Huet TR, Petitprez D, Demaison J, Freedman TB, Cao X, Nafie LA, Crassous J. Chlorofluoroiodomethane as a potential candidate for parity violation measurements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:79-92. [PMID: 16482247 DOI: 10.1039/b510675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CHFClI is among the more favorable molecules for parity violation (PV) measurements in molecules. Despite the fact that calculated PV effects are two orders of magnitude smaller than in some organometallic compounds, CHFClI displays interesting features which could make possible a new experimental PV test on this molecule. Indeed, ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy using an ultrastable CO(2) laser is favored by several intrinsic properties of this molecule. For example, the high vapor pressure of CHFClI allows investigation by supersonic beam spectroscopy. Indeed, the spectroscopic constants have been accurately determined by microwave and millimetre wave spectroscopy. This is important for the subsequent selection of an appropriate absorption band of CHFClI that could be brought to coïncide with the absorption of CO(2). Partially resolved (+)- and (-)-CHFClI enantiomers with respectively 63.3 and 20.5% ee's have been recently prepared and analyzed by molecular recognition using chiral hosts called cryptophanes. Finally, the S-(+)/R-(-) absolute configuration was ascertained by vibrational circular dichroïsm (VCD) in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Soulard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, CNRS Laboratoire Dynamique Interactions et Réactivité, UMR 7075, Case 49, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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27
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Blythe P, Roth B, Fröhlich U, Wenz H, Schiller S. Production of ultracold trapped molecular hydrogen ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:183002. [PMID: 16383900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have cooled ensembles of the molecular hydrogen ions H2+, H3+, and all their deuterated variants to temperatures of a few mK in a radio frequency trap, by sympathetic cooling with laser-cooled beryllium ions. The molecular ions are embedded in the central regions of Coulomb crystals. Mass spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations were used to accurately characterize the properties of the ultracold multispecies crystals. We demonstrate species-selective purification of multispecies ensembles. These molecules are of fundamental importance as the simplest of all molecules, and have the potential to be used for precision tests of molecular structure theory, tests of Lorentz invariance, and measurements of electron to nuclear mass ratios and their time variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blythe
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Faglioni F, Passalacqua A, Lazzeretti P. Parity violation energy of biomolecules--I: polypeptides. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2005; 35:461-75. [PMID: 16231209 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-005-3511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A computational algorithm is developed to compute the energy of parity-violation (E(pv)) due to weak-nuclear forces acting within chain polymers. The method is applied to estimate the magnitude of E(pv) associated with the folding of alpha-helices in polypeptide chains and, in turn, of typical proteins. Implications to the development of biological homochirality in nature are discussed in terms of a simple evolutionary model to assess the likelihood for energies of the order of the computed E(pv) to have determined the direction of natural homochirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Faglioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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29
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Crassous J, Chardonnet C, Saue T, Schwerdtfeger P. Recent experimental and theoretical developments towards the observation of parity violation (PV) effects in molecules by spectroscopy. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2218-24. [PMID: 16010350 DOI: 10.1039/b504212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parity violation (PV) at the molecular level is known to be responsible for a tiny energy difference between the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule. This parity violation energy difference (PVED) has not yet been detected by experiment. In the last few years, the search for PV effects in molecules has made important steps ahead for several reasons. On one hand, very accurate infra-red spectroscopy measurements were performed by metrologists on bromochlorofluoromethane (CHFClBr) with a 10 Hz accuracy, which so far is the most precise. On the other hand, relativistic calculations were used for the evaluation of DeltaE(PV) allowing for a screening of favorable molecules for future measurements. The synthesis of such chiral molecules with high parity violation effects is currently being investigated. In memory of Professor Jean-Bernard Robert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Crassous
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5182, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364, Lyon 07, France.
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30
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Jiang Z, Crassous J, Schurig V. Gas-chromatographic separation of tri(hetero)halogenomethane enantiomers. Chirality 2005; 17:488-93. [PMID: 16113994 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Five-atomic tri(hetero)halogenomethanes represent the simplest class of non-isotopic small chiral molecules suitable for the study of fundamental aspects of chirality. The analytical gas-chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of bromochlorofluoromethane 1 and of chlorofluoroiodomethane 2 on the immobilized chiral stationary phase octakis(3-O-butanoyl-2,6-di-O-n-pentyl)-gamma-cyclodextrin 3, chemically linked to polydimethylsiloxane, is described. By temperature-dependent thermodynamic measurements very low isoenantioselective temperatures T(iso) are found and for optimum enantiomeric separations cryogenic temperatures are required. The ee values of enantiomerically enriched tri(hetero)halogenomethanes 1 and 2 are determined and relative configurations are correlated with the chromatographic elution order of 1 and 2 on 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Crassous J, Jiang Z, Schurig V, Polavarapu PL. Preparation of (+)-chlorofluoroiodomethane, determination of its enantiomeric excess and of its absolute configuration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Schwerdtfeger P, Kühn A, Bast R, Laerdahl JK, Faglioni F, Lazzeretti P. The vibrational spectrum of camphor from ab initio and density functional theory and parity violation in the C–C*–CO bending mode. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bast R, Schwerdtfeger P. Parity-violation effects in the C-F stretching mode of heavy-atom methyl fluorides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:023001. [PMID: 12906477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Relativistic four-component electronic structure calculations including parity-odd electroweak interactions give unprecedented large energy differences of 158 mHz for PH3AuCHFCl and 219 mHz for ClHgCHFCl for the C-F stretching mode of the corresponding enantiomeric compounds. This signifies a considerable improvement over previous predictions for chiral methyl compounds of the form CHXYZ (X, Y, Z=F, Cl, Br, or I). These organometallic compounds are therefore ideal for future high resolution spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Bast
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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