1
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Kumar S, Van Hecke K, Meyer F. Insight into Unusual Supramolecular Self-Assemblies of Terthiophenes Directed by Weak Hydrogen Bonding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11127. [PMID: 37446308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A supramolecular self-assembly of semiconducting polymers and small molecules plays an important role in charge transportation, performance, and lifetime of an optoelectronic device. Tremendous efforts have been put into the strategies to self-organize these materials. In this regard, here, we present the self-organization of terthiophene and its methyl alcohol derivative with 4,4'-bipyridine (44BiPy). An unexpected 2D layered organization of 5,5″-dimethyl-2,2':5',2″-terthiophene (DM3T) and 44BiPy was obtained and analyzed. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that DM3T and 44BiPy consist of stacked, almost independent, infinite 2D layers while held together by weak hydrogen bonds. In addition to this peculiar supramolecular arrangement of these compounds, the investigation of their photophysical properties showed strong fluorescence quenching of DM3T by 44BiPy in the solid state, suggesting an efficient charge transfer. On the other hand, the methyl alcohol derivative of terthiophene, DM3TMeOH, organized in a closed cyclic motif with 44BiPy via hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry (MBMC) Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry (MBMC) Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Oligothiophene-based photovoltaic materials for organic solar cells: rise, plateau, and revival. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Jeon B, Kidanemariam A, Noh J, Hyun C, Mun HJ, Park K, Jung SJ, Jeon Y, Yoo PJ, Park J, Jung HT, Shin TJ, Park J. Strong Bathochromic Shift of Conjugated Polymer Nanowires Assembled with a Liquid Crystalline Alkyl Benzoic Acid via a Film Dispersion Process. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:34876-34888. [PMID: 34963971 PMCID: PMC8697608 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present aqueous dispersions of conjugated polymer nanowires (CPNWs) with improved light absorption properties aimed at aqueous-based applications. We assembled films of a donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymer and liquid crystalline 4-n-octylbenzoic acid by removing a cosolvent of their mixture solutions, followed by annealing of the films, and then formed aqueous-dispersed CPNWs with an aspect ratio >1000 by dispersing the films under ultrasonication at a basic pH. X-ray and spectroscopy studies showed that the polymer and liquid crystal molecules form independent domains in film assemblies and highly organized layer structures in CPNWs. Our ordered molecular assemblies in films and aqueous dispersions of CPNWs open up a new route to fabricate nanowires of low-band-gap linear conjugated polymers with the absorption maximum at 794 nm remarkably red-shifted from 666 nm of CPNWs prepared by an emulsion process. Our results suggest the presence of semicrystalline polymorphs β1 and β2 phases in CPNWs due to long-range π-π stacking of conjugated backbones in compactly organized lamellar structures. The resulting delocalization with a reduced energy bang gap should be beneficial for enhancing charge transfer and energy-conversion efficiencies in aqueous-based applications such as photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung
Yun Jeon
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Alemayehu Kidanemariam
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Juran Noh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chohee Hyun
- UNIST
Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Mun
- UNIST
Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangho Park
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) & KAIST
Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Jung
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejee Jeon
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil J. Yoo
- School
of
Chemical Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) & KAIST
Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST
Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wu X, Liu N, Guan B, Qiu Y, Wang M, Cheng J, Tian D, Fan L, Zhang N, Sun K. Redox Mediator: A New Strategy in Designing Cathode for Prompting Redox Process of Li-S Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900958. [PMID: 31728278 PMCID: PMC6839637 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The multistep redox reactions of lithium-sulfur batteries involve undesirably complex transformation between sulfur and Li2S, and it is tough to spontaneously fragmentate polysulfides into shorter chains Li2S originating from the sluggish redox kinetics of soluble polysulfide intermediates, causing serious polarization and consumption of sulfur. In this work, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI)/G is employed as sulfur host to accelerate the conversion process between polysulfides and sulfur, which could facilitate the process of both charging and discharging. Moreover, PTCDI has strong adsorption capacity with polysulfides to restrain shuttle effect, resulting in promotional kinetics and cycle stability. A high initial capacity of 1496 mAh g-1 at 0.05 C and slight capacity decay of 0.009% per cycle at 5 C over 1500 cycles can be achieved. Moreover, the cathode could also achieve a high energy efficiency over 85% at 0.5 C. This research extends the knowledge into an original domain for designing high-performance host materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Nannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Bin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Maoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Junhan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Da Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Lishuang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary SciencesHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Naiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary SciencesHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
| | - Kening Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
- Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary SciencesHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China
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5
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Pappenfus TM, Helmin AJ, Wilcox WD, Severson SM, Janzen DE. ProDOT-Assisted Isomerically Pure Indophenines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11253-11257. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Andrew J. Helmin
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Wyatt D. Wilcox
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Sarah M. Severson
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Daron E. Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
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6
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Vacuum-Deposited Organic Solar Cells Based on a Dicyanovinyl-Terminated Small-Molecule Donor. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Jiang H, Oniwa K, Xu Z, Bao M, Yamamoto Y, Jin T. Synthesis and Properties of Dicyanomethylene-Endcapped Thienopyrrole-Based Quinoidal S,N-Heteroacenes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kazuaki Oniwa
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577
| | - Tienan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577
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8
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Burrezo PM, Zafra JL, Navarrete JTL, Casado J. Chinoide/Aromatische Umwandlungen in π-konjugierten Oligomeren: Raman-Schwingungsspektroskopie an der Grenze zum π-Bindungsbruch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spanien
| | - José L. Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spanien
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spanien
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spanien
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9
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Burrezo PM, Zafra JL, López Navarrete JT, Casado J. Quinoidal/Aromatic Transformations in π-Conjugated Oligomers: Vibrational Raman studies on the Limits of Rupture for π-Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2250-2259. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - José L. Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
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10
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Shi X, Quintero E, Lee S, Jing L, Herng TS, Zheng B, Huang KW, López Navarrete JT, Ding J, Kim D, Casado J, Chi C. Benzo-thia-fused [ n]thienoacenequinodimethanes with small to moderate diradical characters: the role of pro-aromaticity versus anti-aromaticity. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3036-3046. [PMID: 29997794 PMCID: PMC6005137 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-shell singlet diradicaloids have recently received much attention due to their unique optical, electronic and magnetic properties and promising applications in materials science. Among various diradicaloids, quinoidal π-conjugated molecules have become the prevailing design. However, the need for a fundamental understanding on how the fusion mode and pro-aromaticity/anti-aromaticity affect their diradical character and physical properties remains unaddressed. In this work, a series of pro-aromatic benzo-thia-fused [n]thienoacenequinodimethanes (Thn-TIPS (n = 1-3) and BDTh-TIPS) were synthesized and compared with the previously reported anti-aromatic bisindeno-[n]thienoacenes (Sn-TIPS, n = 1-4). The ground-state geometric and electronic structures of these new quinoidal molecules were systematically investigated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, variable temperature NMR, ESR, SQUID, Raman, and electronic absorption spectroscopy, assisted by DFT calculations. It was found that the diradical character index (y0) increased from nearly zero for Th1-TIPS to 2.4% for Th2-TIPS, 18.2% for Th3-TIPS, and 38.2% for BDTh-TIPS, due to the enhanced aromatic stabilization. Consequently, with the extension of molecular size, the one-photon absorption spectra are gradually red-shifted, the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section values increase, and the singlet excited state lifetimes decrease. By comparison with the corresponding anti-aromatic analogues Sn-TIPS (n = 1-3), the pro-aromatic Thn-TIPS (n = 1-3) exhibit larger diradical character, longer singlet excited state lifetime and larger TPA cross section value. At the same time, they display distinctively different electronic absorption spectra and improved electrochemical amphotericity. Spectroelectrochemical studies revealed a good linear relationship between the optical energy gaps and the molecular length in the neutral, radical cationic and dicationic forms. Our research work discloses a significant difference between the pro-aromatic and anti-aromatic quinoidal compounds and provides guidance for the design of new diradicaloids with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Estefanía Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Linzhi Jing
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore .
| | - Bin Zheng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
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11
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Zeng W, Lee S, Son M, Ishida M, Furukawa K, Hu P, Sun Z, Kim D, Wu J. Phenalenyl-fused porphyrins with different ground states. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2427-2433. [PMID: 30154998 PMCID: PMC6085729 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials based on biradicals/biradicaloids have potential applications for organic electronics, photonics and spintronics. In this work, we demonstrated that hybridization of porphyrin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon could lead to a new type of stable biradicals/biradicaloids with tunable ground state and physical property. Mono- and bis-phenalenyl fused porphyrins 1 and 2 were synthesized via an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation-followed-by oxidative dehydrogenation strategy. Our detailed experimental and theoretical studies revealed that 1 has a closed-shell structure with a small biradical character (y = 0.06 by DFT calculation) in the ground state, while 2 exists as a persistent triplet biradical at room temperature under inert atmosphere. Compound 1 underwent hydrogen abstraction from solvent during the crystal growing process while compound 2 was easily oxidized in air to give two dioxo-porphyrin isomers 11a/11b, which can be correlated to their unique biradical character and spin distribution. The physical properties of 1 and 2, their dihydro/tetrahydro-precursors 7/10, and the dioxo-compounds 11a/11b were investigated and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Minjung Son
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis , Institute for Research Promotion , Niigata University , Nishi-ku , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , ASTAR , 3 Research Link , Singapore 117602
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12
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Shi X, Burrezo PM, Lee S, Zhang W, Zheng B, Dai G, Chang J, López Navarrete JT, Huang KW, Kim D, Casado J, Chi C. Antiaromatic bisindeno-[n]thienoacenes with small singlet biradical characters: syntheses, structures and chain length dependent physical properties. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiaromatic bisindeno-[n]thienoacenes with small biradical character were synthesized and showed chain length dependent ground states and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Campus de Teatinos s/n
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
- , Singapore
| | - Bin Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaole Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Campus de Teatinos s/n
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Campus de Teatinos s/n
- 229071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
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13
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Braunschweig H, Dyakonov V, Engels B, Falk Z, Hörl C, Klein JH, Kramer T, Kraus H, Krummenacher I, Lambert C, Walter C. Mehrfache Reduktion von 2,5-Bis(borolyl)thiophen: Isolierung eines negativen Bipolarons durch Komproportionierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Braunschweig H, Dyakonov V, Engels B, Falk Z, Hörl C, Klein JH, Kramer T, Kraus H, Krummenacher I, Lambert C, Walter C. Multiple Reduction of 2,5-Bis(borolyl)thiophene: Isolation of a Negative Bipolaron by Comproportionation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12852-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Raman spectra, electrochemical redox potentials and intramolecular reorganization due to ionization and excitation of benzodifuranone chromophore. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Probing the electronic structure of -fused quinoxalino porphyrins and tetraazaanthracene-bridged bis-porphyrins with resonance Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Casado J, Ponce Ortiz R, López Navarrete JT. Quinoidal oligothiophenes: new properties behind an unconventional electronic structure. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5672-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Chao D, Jia X, Bai F, Liu H, Cui L, Berda EB, Wang C. An efficient fluorescent sensor for redox active species based on novel poly(aryl ether) containing electroactive pendant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Aragó J, Ponce Ortiz R, Nieto-Ortega B, Hernández V, Casado J, Facchetti A, Marks TJ, Viruela PM, Ortí E, López Navarrete JT. Carbonyl-Functionalized Quaterthiophenes: A Study of the Vibrational Raman and Electronic Absorption/Emission Properties Guided by Theoretical Calculations. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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González SR, Ie Y, Aso Y, López Navarrete JT, Casado J. The Frontiers of Quinoidal Stability in Long Oligothiophenes: Raman Spectra of Dicationic Polaron Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16350-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R. González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Yutaka Ie
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Casado J, López Navarrete JT. The longest quinoidal oligothiophene: A Raman story. CHEM REC 2010; 11:45-53. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fazzi D, Canesi EV, Negri F, Bertarelli C, Castiglioni C. Biradicaloid Character of Thiophene‐Based Heterophenoquinones: The Role of Electron–Phonon Coupling. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3685-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fazzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology CNST—IIT@PoliMi, Italian Institute of Technology via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (Italy), Fax: (+39) 02‐2399‐3230
| | - Eleonora V. Canesi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology CNST—IIT@PoliMi, Italian Institute of Technology via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (Italy), Fax: (+39) 02‐2399‐3230
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica ''G. Ciamician'', Via F. Selmi, 2 and INSTM, UdR Bologna, 40126 Bologna (Italy), Fax: (+39) 051‐2099456
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology CNST—IIT@PoliMi, Italian Institute of Technology via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (Italy), Fax: (+39) 02‐2399‐3230
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica ''G. Natta'', Politecnico di Milano p.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano (Italy)
| | - Chiara Castiglioni
- Center for Nano Science and Technology CNST—IIT@PoliMi, Italian Institute of Technology via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (Italy), Fax: (+39) 02‐2399‐3230
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica ''G. Natta'', Politecnico di Milano p.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano (Italy)
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Sun L, Bai FQ, Zhao ZX, Yang BZ, Zhang HX. Density functional study on the effect of substituent group for the monomer of donor-acceptor copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ponceâ
Ortiz R, Casado J, RodrÃguezâ
González S, Hernández VÃ, Lópezâ
Navarreteâ J, Viruela P, OrtÃâ E, Takimiya K, Otsubo T. Quinoidal Oligothiophenes: Towards Biradical Ground-State Species. Chemistry 2010; 16:470-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Oliva M, Casado J, López Navarrete J, Hennrich G, van Cleuvenbergen S, Asselberghs I, Clays K, Ruiz Delgado M, Brédas JL, Seixas de Melo J, De Cola L. Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Nonlinear Optics, and Theoretical Investigations of Thienylethynyl Octopoles with a Tunable Core. Chemistry 2009; 15:8223-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cuesta IG, Aragó J, Ortí E, Lazzeretti P. Aromaticity of α-Oligothiophenes and Equivalent Oligothienoacenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:1767-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900127m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada García Cuesta
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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González SR, Casado J, Navarrete JTL, Blanco R, Segura JL. A β-Naphthaleneimide-Modified Terthiophene Exhibiting Charge Transfer and Polarization Through the Short Molecular Axis. Joint Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:6732-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802228a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Liu T, Zhang HX, Xia BH. Theoretical studies of the electronic structures and optical properties of stable blue-emitting polymer based on 4H-cyclopenta-[def]-phenanthrene. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Casado J, Zgierski MZ, Ewbank PC, Burand MW, Janzen DE, Mann KR, Pappenfus TM, Berlin A, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Ortiz RP, López Navarrete JT. Exploration of ground and excited electronic states of aromatic and quinoid S,S-dioxide terthiophenes. Complementary systems for enhanced electronic organic materials. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:10134-44. [PMID: 16881643 DOI: 10.1021/ja061372w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the electronic and molecular structures for the ground and excited electronic states of aromatic terthiophene (3T), the quinodimethane 3',4'-dibutyl-5,5' '-bis(dicyanomethylene)-5,5' '-dihydro-2,2':5',2' '-terthiophene (3Q), and isologues with the middle ring S-oxidized (3TO2, 3QO2). These represent extremes of electron rich and deficient ground states, often exhibiting complementary properties. Oxidizing the central sulfur atom affects the molecular structure, electron affinity, and photophysical properties of both pi systems. The consequences for 3T include de-aromatization of the central thiophene, red-shifting of the electronic absorption spectrum, and lowering of the reduction potential. The electron deficient quinoid 3QO2 shows an enhancement of electron affinity from reducing the electron-donor ability of sulfur, and a blue-shifting of its electronic absorption spectrum was seen. Fluorescence emission is quenched in the sulfonated terthiophene, and the contrary effect again would be expected upon sulfonation of a quinoid emitter. Raman vibrational spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies are analyzed in conjunction with theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, K1A 0R6, Ottawa, Canada
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Ortiz RP, Osuna RM, Hernandez V, Navarrete JTL, Vercelli B, Zotti G, Sumerin VV, Balenkova ES, Nenajdenko VG. Push-pull bithienyl chromophore with an unusual transverse path of conjugation. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:841-51. [PMID: 17266224 DOI: 10.1021/jp0666176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of a novel cross-conjugated 10H-bisthienodithiocin-10-dicyanoethylene are reported. The X-ray single-crystal structure of the compound reveals a nonplanar conformation. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the compound show a great resemblance, which is a spectroscopic observation common to many push-pull systems. The UV-vis spectrum in CHCl3 displays a strong absorption at 370 nm accompanied by a shoulder at 430 nm so that the optical gap is 2.88 eV. On the other hand, the electrochemical gap amounts to 2.38 V. DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations, at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, have been also performed to (i) determine the minimum-energy molecular structure, (ii) gain knowledge about the equilibrium atomic charges distribution, the topologies, and absolute energies of the frontier molecular orbitals around the gap and about the molecular vibrations which give rise to the most outstanding Raman bands experimentally evidenced, and (iii) to analyze the nature of the vertical one-electron excitations associated to the strongest UV-vis absorptions.
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Liu T, Gao JS, Xia BH, Zhou X, Zhang HX. Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and optical properties of the oligomers involving bipyridyl, thiophenyl and ethynyl groups. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Oliva MM, Casado J, Raposo MMM, Fonseca AMC, Hartmann H, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Structure−Property Relationships in Push−Pull Amino/Cyanovinyl End-Capped Oligothiophenes: Quantum Chemical and Experimental Studies. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7509-20. [PMID: 16995653 DOI: 10.1021/jo060318v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of push-pull chromophores built around thiophene-based pi-conjugating spacers and bearing various types of amino donors and cyanovinyl acceptors have been analyzed by means of UV-vis-NIR, IR, and Raman spectroscopic measurements in the solid state as well as in solution. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of these pi-conjugated systems has also been tested by analyzing the ability of the solute molecules to undergo shifts in their fluorescence emission maxima with increasing solvent polarity. These push-pull oligomers also display an attractive electrochemical behavior since they generate stable species both upon oxidation and reduction. Oxidation mainly involves changes in the electron-rich aminooligothienyl half-part of the molecule and leads to the formation of stable cations. On the other hand, reduction to radical anions and dianions is mainly cyanovinyl-centered but also affects the pi-conjugated electron relay. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to help the assignment of the most relevant electronic and vibrational features and to derive useful information about the molecular structure of these NLO-phores.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno Oliva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Burand MW, McGee KA, Cai X, da Silva Filho DA, Brédas JL, Daniel Frisbie C, Mann KR. Synthesis, X-ray, spectroelectrochemical, and theoretical studies of a tricyanovinyl-capped quaterthiophene: A correlation of semiconductor performance with physical properties. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zheng S, Barlow S, Risko C, Kinnibrugh TL, Khrustalev VN, Jones SC, Antipin MY, Tucker NM, Timofeeva TV, Coropceanu V, Brédas JL, Marder SR. Isolation and Crystal Structures of Two Singlet Bis(Triarylamine) Dications with Nonquinoidal Geometries. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:1812-7. [PMID: 16464079 DOI: 10.1021/ja0541534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the first structural data for bis(diarylamine) "bipolarons": we have isolated and crystallographically characterized salts of the dications obtained by two-electron oxidation of E-4,4'-bis[di(p-anisyl)amino]stilbene and E,E-2,5-bis{4-[di(p-anisyl)amino]styryl}-3,4-di(n-butoxy)thiophene, [1](2+) and [2](2+) respectively. ESR, NMR, and magnetometry suggest both species have singlet ground states. X-ray structures, together with (1)H NMR coupling constants for [2](2+), indicate geometries in which the bond lengths are shifted toward a quinoidal pattern relative to that in the neutral species, but not to a fully quinoidal extent. In particular, the bond-length alternations across the vinylene bridging groups approach zero. DFT calculations with closed-shell singlet configurations reproduce the observed structures well. Our results indicate that singlet species for which one might expect quinoidal geometries (with differences of ca. 0.1 A between formally single and double bonds) on the basis of a limiting valence-bond representation of the structure can, in fact, show structures with significantly different patterns of bond lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
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Casado J, Ortiz RP, Ruiz Delgado MC, Azumi R, Oakley RT, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT. Multidisciplinary Physicochemical Analysis of Oligothiophenes End-Capped by Nitriles: Electrochemistry, UV−Vis−Near-IR, IR, and Raman Spectroscopies and Quantum Chemistry. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10115-25. [PMID: 16852226 DOI: 10.1021/jp0446175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we investigate a series of alpha,omega-dicyano end-capped oligothiophenes NC(C(4)H(2)S)(n)()CN ranging in length from the dimer to the hexamer (n = 2-6), in the neutral state as pure solids, by means of Fourier transform IR and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopies. The cyclic voltammetry analysis of the compounds in dichloromethane reveals that most of them show two oxidation and two reduction waves (i.e., a dual or amphoteric electrochemical behavior), associated with the injection of either positive or negative charges into the pi-conjugated system. The doped species are characterized by in situ vis-near-IR and FT-Raman spectrochemistries. Density functional theory calculations have been also performed, at the B3LYP/6-31G level, to assess information about the molecular geometries and vibrational features of the neutral and doped species and about the topologies of the molecular orbitals involved in the main electronic transitions that appear for the neutral forms in the visible spectral region and for the doped species in the near-IR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Lundin NJ, Walsh PJ, Howell SL, McGarvey JJ, Blackman AG, Gordon KC. Complexes of Functionalized Dipyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘-c]-phenazine: A Synthetic, Spectroscopic, Structural, and Density Functional Theory Study. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:3551-60. [PMID: 15877438 DOI: 10.1021/ic050179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ligands 11-bromodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine and ethyl dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-11-carboxylate have been prepared and coordinated to ruthenium(II), rhenium(I), and copper(I) metal centers. The electronic effects of substitution of dipyrido[2,3-a:3',2'-c]phenazine (dppz) have been investigated by spectroscopy and electrochemistry, and some photophysical properties have been studied. The crystal structures of [Re(L)(CO)(3)Cl] (L = ethyl dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-11-carboxylate or 11-bromodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) are presented. Density functional theory calculations on the complexes show only small deviations in bond lengths and angles (most bonds within 0.02 Angstroms, most angles within 2 degrees) from the crystallographic data. Furthermore, the vibrational spectra of the strongest Raman and IR bands are predicted to within an average 6 cm(-1) for the complexes [Re(L)(CO)(3)Cl] and [Cu(L)(triphenylphosphine)(2)]BF(4) (in the 1000-1700 cm(-1) region). Spectroscopic and electrochemical evidence suggest that reduction of the complex causes structural changes across the entire dppz ligand. This is unusual as dppz-based ligands typically have electrochemical properties that suggest charge localization with reduction on the phenazine portion of the ligand. The excited-state lifetimes of the complexes have been measured, and they range from ca. 200 ns for the [Ru(L)(2,2'-bipyridine)(2)](PF(6))(2) complexes to over 2 mus for [Cu(11-bromodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine)(PPh(3))(2)](BF(4)) at room temperature. The emission spectra suggest that the unusually long-lived excited states of the copper complexes result from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions as they are completely quenched in methanol. Electroluminescent films may be fabricated from these compounds; they show MLCT state emission even at low doping levels [<0.1% by weight in poly(vinylcarbazole) polymer matrix].
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha J Lundin
- Department of Chemistry, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Tonzola CJ, Hancock JM, Babel A, Jenekhe SA. Quinoidal oligoquinoline: a novel quinodimethane exhibiting high electroluminescence efficiency and p-channel field effect charge transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:5214-6. [PMID: 16228039 DOI: 10.1039/b509322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel tetraphenylquinodimethane based on electron-deficient 4-phenylquinoline oligomer displayed an unusually low ionization potential and was used as a p-channel semiconductor in thin-film transistors and as an emitter to achieve very bright and high efficiency green light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Tonzola
- Department of Chemical Engineering and of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1750, USA
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