1
|
Spiliotis AK, Xygkis M, Tazes K, Katsoprinakis GE, Sofikitis D, Vasilakis G, Rakitzis TP. A nanosecond-resolved atomic hydrogen magnetometer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21521-21531. [PMID: 34549209 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03171f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel and sensitive ns-resolved atomic magnetometer, which is at least three orders of magnitude faster than conventional magnetometers. We use the magnetic field dependence of the hyperfine beating of high-density spin-polarized H atoms, produced from the rapid photodissociation of HCl gas with sub-ns laser pulses and measured with a pick-up coil, to demonstrate ns-resolved magnetometry, and project sensitivity of a few nT for a spin-projection-limited sensor with 10 nl measurement volume after 1 ns measurement time. The magnetometer will allow ultrafast continuous B-field measurements in many fields, including spin chemistry, spin physics, and plasma physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros K Spiliotis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michalis Xygkis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tazes
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George E Katsoprinakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sofikitis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Vasilakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - T Peter Rakitzis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spiliotis AK, Xygkis M, Koutrakis ME, Tazes K, Boulogiannis GK, Kannis CS, Katsoprinakis GE, Sofikitis D, Rakitzis TP. Ultrahigh-density spin-polarized hydrogen isotopes from the photodissociation of hydrogen halides: new applications for laser-ion acceleration, magnetometry, and polarized nuclear fusion. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 33579898 PMCID: PMC7881141 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, our group produced spin-polarized hydrogen (SPH) atoms at densities of at least 1019 cm-3 from the photodissociation of hydrogen halide molecules with circularly polarized UV light and measured them via magnetization-quantum beats with a pickup coil. These densities are approximately 7 orders of magnitude higher than those produced using conventional methods, opening up new fields of application, such as ultrafast magnetometry, the production of polarized MeV and GeV particle beams, such as electron beams with intensities approximately 104 higher than current sources, and the study of polarized nuclear fusion, for which the reaction cross sections of D-T and D-3He reactions are expected to increase by 50% for fully polarized nuclear spins. We review the production, detection, depolarization mechanisms, and potential applications of high-density SPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros K Spiliotis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
| | - Michalis Xygkis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
| | - Michail E Koutrakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tazes
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
| | - Gregoris K Boulogiannis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
| | - Chrysovalantis S Kannis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
| | - Georgios E Katsoprinakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sofikitis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - T Peter Rakitzis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71110, Greece.
- University of Crete, Department of Physics, Herakleio, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Ji L, Geng X, Yu Q, Wang N, Feng B, Guo Z, Wang W, Qin C, Yan X, Zhang L, Thomas J, Hützen A, Pukhov A, Büscher M, Shen B, Li R. Polarized electron acceleration in beam-driven plasma wakefield based on density down-ramp injection. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:043202. [PMID: 31770946 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the precession of electron spins during beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration based on density down-ramp injection by means of full three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A relativistic electron beam generated via, e.g., laser wakefield acceleration, serves as the driving source. It traverses the prepolarized gas target and accelerates polarized electrons via the excited wakefield. We derive the criteria for the driving beam parameters and the limitation on the injected beam flux to preserve a high degree of polarization for the accelerated electrons, which are confirmed by our 3D PIC simulations and single-particle modeling. The electron-beam driver is free of the prepulse issue associated with a laser driver, thus eliminating possible depolarization of the prepolarized gas due to ionization by the prepulse. These results provide guidance for future experiments towards generating a source of polarized electrons based on wakefield acceleration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xuesong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Nengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chengyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lingang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Johannes Thomas
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Hützen
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 1, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Büscher
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 1, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Baifei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China.,Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China.,Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen M, Tamburini M, Keitel CH. Polarized Laser-WakeField-Accelerated Kiloampere Electron Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:214801. [PMID: 31283342 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-flux polarized particle beams are of critical importance for the investigation of spin-dependent processes, such as in searches of physics beyond the standard model, as well as for scrutinizing the structure of solids and surfaces in material science. Here we demonstrate that kiloampere polarized electron beams can be produced via laser-wakefield acceleration from a gas target. A simple theoretical model for determining the electron beam polarization is presented and supported with self-consistent three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that incorporate the spin dynamics. By appropriately choosing the laser and gas parameters, we show that the depolarization of electrons induced by the laser-wakefield-acceleration process can be as low as 10%. Compared to currently available sources of polarized electron beams, the flux is increased by 4 orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matteo Tamburini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sofikitis D, Kannis CS, Boulogiannis GK, Rakitzis TP. Ultrahigh-Density Spin-Polarized H and D Observed via Magnetization Quantum Beats. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:083001. [PMID: 30192591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.083001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measure nuclear and electron spin-polarized H and D densities of at least 10^{19} cm^{-3} with ∼10 ns lifetimes, from the photodissociation of HBr and DI with circularly polarized UV light pulses. This density is ∼6 orders of magnitude higher than that produced by conventional continuous-production methods and, surprisingly, at least 100 times higher than expected densities for this photodissociation method. We observe the hyperfine quantum beating of the H and D magnetization with a pickup coil, i.e., the respective 0.7 and 3 ns periodic transfer of polarization from the electrons to the nuclei and back. The 10^{19} cm^{-3} spin-polarized H and D density is sufficient for laser-driven ion acceleration of spin-polarized electrons, protons, or deuterons, the preparation of nuclear-spin-polarized molecules, and the demonstration of spin-polarized D-T or D-^{3}He laser fusion, for which a reactivity enhancement of ∼50% is expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Sofikitis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysovalantis S Kannis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - Gregoris K Boulogiannis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - T Peter Rakitzis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Broderick BM, Lee Y, Doyle MB, Chernyak VY, Vasyutinskii OS, Suits AG. Spin-polarized hydrogen Rydberg time-of-flight: experimental measurement of the velocity-dependent H atom spin-polarization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:053103. [PMID: 24880349 DOI: 10.1063/1.4871995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new experimental method allowing direct detection of the velocity dependent spin-polarization of hydrogen atoms produced in photodissociation. The technique, which is a variation on the H atom Rydberg time-of-flight method, employs a double-resonance excitation scheme and experimental geometry that yields the two coherent orientation parameters as a function of recoil speed for scattering perpendicular to the laser propagation direction. The approach, apparatus, and optical layout we employ are described here in detail and demonstrated in application to HBr and DBr photolysis at 213 nm. We also discuss the theoretical foundation for the approach, as well as the resolution and sensitivity we achieve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Michael B Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Vladimir Y Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Oleg S Vasyutinskii
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia and St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hama T, Watanabe N. Surface Processes on Interstellar Amorphous Solid Water: Adsorption, Diffusion, Tunneling Reactions, and Nuclear-Spin Conversion. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8783-839. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature
Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature
Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bougas L, Sofikitis D, Everest MA, Alexander AJ, Rakitzis TP. (2+1) laser-induced fluorescence of spin-polarized hydrogen atoms. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:174308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3503974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
9
|
Sofikitis D, Rubio-Lago L, Bougas L, Alexander AJ, Rakitzis TP. Laser detection of spin-polarized hydrogen from HCl and HBr photodissociation: comparison of H- and halogen-atom polarizations. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:144302. [PMID: 19045142 DOI: 10.1063/1.2989803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal HCl and HBr molecules were photodissociated using circularly polarized 193 nm light, and the speed-dependent spin polarization of the H-atom photofragments was measured using polarized fluorescence at 121.6 nm. Both polarization components, described by the a(0)(1)(perpendicular) and Re[a(1)(1)(parallel, perpendicular)] parameters which arise from incoherent and coherent dissociation mechanisms, are measured. The values of the a(0)(1)(perpendicular) parameter, for both HCl and HBr photodissociation, are within experimental error of the predictions of both ab initio calculations and of previous measurements of the polarization of the halide cofragments. The experimental and ab initio theoretical values of the Re[a(1)(1)(parallel, perpendicular)] parameter show some disagreement, suggesting that further theoretical investigations are required. Overall, good agreement occurs despite the fact that the current experiments photodissociate molecules at 295 K, whereas previous measurements were conducted at rotational temperatures of about 15 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Sofikitis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clark AP, Brouard M, Quadrini F, Vallance C. Atomic polarization in the photodissociation of diatomic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:5591-610. [PMID: 17149481 DOI: 10.1039/b612590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The angular momentum polarization of atomic photofragments provides a detailed insight into the dynamics of the photodissociation process. In this article, the origins of electronic angular momentum polarization are introduced and experimental and theoretical methods for the measurement or calculation of atomic orientation and alignment parameters described. Many diatomic photodissociation systems are surveyed, in order to provide an overview both of the historical development of the field and of the most state-of-the-art contemporary studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Clark
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rakitzis TP. Highly spin-polarized atoms and molecules from rotationally state-selected molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:083005. [PMID: 15783890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.083005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that large nuclear polarizations in isolated molecules may be created via the hyperfine interaction following excitation to selected rotational states |JM>. Explicit time-dependent nuclear polarization expressions for pulsed rotational excitation are presented for the case of one nuclear spin I, and for the case of two nuclear spins I1 and I2 in the hierarchical coupling limit. Photodissociation of the polarized molecules allows the production of polarized atoms, on short time scales if pulsed, at densities close to the parent molecule density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Peter Rakitzis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, P.O. 2203, 71003 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|