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Mai DJ, Schroeder CM. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Single-Molecule Studies of Synthetic Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1332-1341. [PMID: 35638639 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single polymer studies have revealed unexpected and heterogeneous dynamics among identical or seemingly similar macromolecules. In recent years, direct observation of single polymers has uncovered broad distributions in molecular behavior that play a key role in determining bulk properties. Early single polymer experiments focused primarily on biological macromolecules such as DNA, but recent advances in synthesis, imaging, and force spectroscopy have enabled broad exploration of chemically diverse polymer systems. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the recent study of synthetic polymers using single-molecule methods. In terms of polymer synthesis, direct observation of single chain polymerization has revealed heterogeneity in monomer insertion events at catalytic centers and decoupling of local and global growth kinetics. In terms of single polymer visualization, recent advances in super-resolution imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) can resolve structure and dynamics in single synthetic chains. Moreover, single synthetic polymers can be probed in the context of bulk material environments, including hydrogels, nanostructured polymers, and crystalline polymers. In each area, we highlight key challenges and exciting opportunities in using single polymer techniques to enhance our understanding of polymer science. Overall, the expanding versatility of single polymer methods will enable the molecular-scale design and fundamental understanding of a broad range of chemically diverse and functional polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Mai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Charles M. Schroeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Pujals S, Feiner-Gracia N, Delcanale P, Voets I, Albertazzi L. Super-resolution microscopy as a powerful tool to study complex synthetic materials. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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3
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Lee SH, Ham S, Nam S, Aratani N, Osuka A, Sim E, Kim D. Investigation and Control of Single Molecular Structures of Meso- Meso Linked Long Porphyrin Arrays. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5121-5125. [PMID: 29697978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated conformational structures of meso- meso linked porphyrin arrays (Z n) by single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Modulation depths ( M values) were measured by excitation polarization fluorescence spectroscopy. The M value decreases from 0.85 to 0.46 as the number of porphyrin units increases from 3 to 128, indicating that longer arrays exhibit coiled structures. Such conformational changes depending on the length have been confirmed by coarse-grained simulation. The histograms of M values and traces of centroid position of emitting sites by localization microscopy showed that the structures of longer arrays changed to more stretched after solvent vapor annealing with tetrahydrofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naoki Aratani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
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4
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van de Laar T, Schuurman H, van der Scheer P, Maarten van Doorn J, van der Gucht J, Sprakel J. Light from Within: Sensing Weak Strains and FemtoNewton Forces in Single Molecules. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Measuring Nanometer Distances Between Fluorescent Labels Step-by-Step. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2017; 1663:189-203. [PMID: 28924669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7265-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods are increasingly applied to study the structure of biological molecules within their natural context or at biomaterial interfaces. We here provide a protocol for Single-molecule High-Resolution Imaging with Photobleaching (SHRImP) that can be used to obtain information about the conformation of large proteins or other macromolecules at the single-molecule level. This procedure requires site-specific protein labeling with fluorescent dyes, immobilization and sample preparation, optimization of imaging buffer composition and microscope settings, and acquisition of short time-lapse movies that capture the stepwise bleaching behavior of individual molecules. We then describe a method for reliably determining the relative positions of labels from bleaching movies using the free image processing package Fiji (ImageJ) with the help of auxiliary macros that are provided as Supplementary Material. The presented approach allows for measuring intramolecular distance distributions in the range of a few to hundreds of nanometers and can be applied to a wide variety of biological systems.
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Chen T, Dong B, Chen K, Zhao F, Cheng X, Ma C, Lee S, Zhang P, Kang SH, Ha JW, Xu W, Fang N. Optical Super-Resolution Imaging of Surface Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7510-7537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Jilin Province Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Changbei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Ha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Dahak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Weilin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Jilin Province Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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7
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Wildman J, Repiščák P, Paterson MJ, Galbraith I. General Force-Field Parametrization Scheme for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Conjugated Materials in Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3813-24. [PMID: 27397762 PMCID: PMC4980687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
describe a general scheme to obtain force-field parameters for
classical molecular dynamics simulations of conjugated polymers. We
identify a computationally inexpensive methodology for calculation
of accurate intermonomer dihedral potentials and partial charges.
Our findings indicate that the use of a two-step methodology of geometry
optimization and single-point energy calculations using DFT methods
produces potentials which compare favorably to high level theory calculation.
We also report the effects of varying the conjugated backbone length
and alkyl side-chain lengths on the dihedral profiles and partial
charge distributions and determine the existence of converged lengths
above which convergence is achieved in the force-field parameter sets.
We thus determine which calculations are required for accurate parametrization
and the scope of a given parameter set for variations to a given molecule.
We perform simulations of long oligomers of dioctylfluorene and hexylthiophene
in explicit solvent and find peristence lengths and end-length distributions
consistent with experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Wildman
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Repiščák
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Galbraith
- Institute for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, SUPA and ‡Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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8
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Abadi M, Serag MF, Habuchi S. Single-Molecule Imaging Reveals Topology Dependent Mutual Relaxation of Polymer Chains. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maram Abadi
- Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4700, KAUST, Bldg 2 Room 4277, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged F. Serag
- Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4700, KAUST, Bldg 2 Room 4277, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Biological and Environmental
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4700, KAUST, Bldg 2 Room 4277, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Tian Y, Merdasa A, Peter M, Abdellah M, Zheng K, Ponseca CS, Pullerits T, Yartsev A, Sundström V, Scheblykin IG. Giant photoluminescence blinking of perovskite nanocrystals reveals single-trap control of luminescence. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1603-8. [PMID: 25706329 DOI: 10.1021/nl5041397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence super-resolution microscopy showed correlated fluctuations of photoluminescence intensity and spatial localization of individual perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) nanocrystals of size ∼200 × 30 × 30 nm(3). The photoluminescence blinking amplitude caused by a single quencher was a hundred thousand times larger than that of a typical dye molecule at the same excitation power density. The quencher is proposed to be a chemical or structural defect that traps free charges leading to nonradiative recombination. These trapping sites can be activated and deactivated by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tian
- Chemical Physics, Lund University , Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Woon KL, Hasan ZA, Ong BK, Ariffin A, Griniene R, Grigalevicius S, Chen SA. Triplet states and energy back transfer of carbazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09340f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The red-shift of triplet energies between the dilute phase and solid states is a function of intermolecular distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin Woon
- Low Dimensional Material Research Centre (LDMRC)
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Zainal A. Hasan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Bee Kian Ong
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Raimonda Griniene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- LT-50254 Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Saulius Grigalevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- LT-50254 Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Show-An Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters
- National Tsing-Hua University
- Hsinchu 30041
- Republic of China
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11
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Merdasa A, Jiménez ÁJ, Camacho R, Meyer M, Würthner F, Scheblykin IG. Single Lévy states-disorder induced energy funnels in molecular aggregates. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6774-6781. [PMID: 25349900 DOI: 10.1021/nl5021188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using fluorescence super-resolution microscopy we studied simultaneous spectral, spatial localization, and blinking behavior of individual 1D J-aggregates. Excitons migrating 100 nm are funneled to a trap appearing as an additional red-shifted blinking fluorescence band. We propose that the trap is a Frenkel exciton state formed much below the main exciton band edge due to an environmentally induced heavy-tailed Lévy disorder. This points to disorder engineering as a new avenue in controlling light-harvesting in molecular ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboma Merdasa
- Chemical Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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12
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Steiner F, Vogelsang J, Lupton JM. Singlet-triplet annihilation limits exciton yield in poly(3-hexylthiophene). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:137402. [PMID: 24745453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.137402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Control of chain length and morphology in combination with single-molecule spectroscopy techniques provides a comprehensive photophysical picture of excited-state losses in the prototypical conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Our examination reveals a universal self-quenching mechanism, based on singlet-triplet exciton annihilation, which accounts for the dramatic loss in fluorescence quantum yield of a single P3HT chain between its solution (unfolded) and bulklike (folded) state. Triplet excitons fundamentally limit the fluorescence of organic photovoltaic materials, which impacts the conversion of singlet excitons to separated charge carriers, decreasing the efficiency of energy harvested at high excitation densities. Interexcitonic interactions are so effective that a single P3HT chain of order 100 kDa weight behaves like a 2-level system, exhibiting perfect photon antibunching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Steiner
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Liang JJ, Hsu JH, Lim TS, White JD. Photophysics of Single PPV Derivative Polymers. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Habuchi S, Fujiwara S, Yamamoto T, Vacha M, Tezuka Y. Single-molecule study on polymer diffusion in a melt state: effect of chain topology. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7369-76. [PMID: 23815574 DOI: 10.1021/ac401272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a new methodology for studying diffusion of individual polymer chains in a melt state, with special emphasis on the effect of chain topology. A perylene diimide fluorophore was incorporated into the linear and cyclic poly(THF)s, and real-time diffusion behavior of individual chains in a melt of linear poly(THF) was measured by means of a single-molecule fluorescence imaging technique. The combination of mean squared displacement (MSD) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) analysis demonstrated the broad distribution of diffusion coefficient of both the linear and cyclic polymer chains in the melt state. This indicates the presence of spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the polymer diffusion which occurs at much larger time and length scales than those expected from the current polymer physics theory. We further demonstrated that the cyclic chains showed marginally slower diffusion in comparison with the linear counterparts, to suggest the effective suppression of the translocation through the threading-entanglement with the linear matrix chains. This coincides with the higher activation energy for the diffusion of the cyclic chains than of the linear chains. These results suggest that the single-molecule imaging technique provides a powerful tool to analyze complicated polymer dynamics and contributes to the molecular level understanding of the chain interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Habuchi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Aoki H, Mori K, Takahashi T, Ito S. Quantitative analysis of end-to-end distance of single polymer chain in ultra-thin film by super-resolution fluorescence imaging. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Thomsson D, Sforazzini G, Anderson HL, Scheblykin IG. Excitation polarization provides structural resolution of individual non-blinking nano-objects. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3070-3077. [PMID: 23463192 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose to combine the method of fluorescence intensity centroid localization with rotation of the plane of excitation polarization. Polarized light interacts selectively with differently oriented fluorophores; thus yielding topological information on the nanometer scale, without any need for fluorophore blinking. The method is applicable to photostable individual systems, when most of the traditional super-resolution methods fail. A theoretical study is supported by experiments on 30 nm long cyclodextrin-encapsulated single polyrotaxane conjugated polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomsson
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Vogelsang J, Lupton JM. Solvent Vapor Annealing of Single Conjugated Polymer Chains: Building Organic Optoelectronic Materials from the Bottom Up. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1503-1513. [PMID: 26285629 DOI: 10.1021/jz300294m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on organic materials show a strong relationship between the morphological structure of the material and the function of the device. One of the grand challenges in improving the efficiencies of these devices is hence achieving morphological control throughout the entire course of processing. One of the most important postprocessing methods is solvent vapor annealing, which has repeatedly demonstrated its utility in improving the efficiency of organic-material-based devices by changing bulk-film morphology. This Perspective discusses the recent impact of single-molecule spectroscopy techniques in unraveling morphological changes and molecular dynamics and presents solvent vapor annealing as a tool to build organic optoelectronic materials from the bottom up. In particular, we discuss examples of how solvent vapor annealing at the single-chain level can be split into two different regimes, (i) the solvation regime, in which intrachain interactions and molecular dynamics during solvent vapor annealing can be probed, and (ii) the aggregation regime, in which the influence of interchain interactions can be probed. Finally, it will be shown that solvent vapor annealing in the aggregation regime can be used to build highly ordered mesoscopic objects with distinct properties such as long-range energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vogelsang
- §Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- §Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- †Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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18
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Chiba T, Fujiwara H, Hotta JI, Takeuchi S, Sasaki K. Experimental evaluation of diffusion constant in a thin polymer film by triplet lifetime analysis of single molecules. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Habuchi S, Fujita H, Michinobu T, Vacha M. Twist Angle Plays an Important Role in Photophysical Properties of a Donor–Acceptor-Type Conjugated Polymer: A Combined Ensemble and Single-Molecule Study. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:14404-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209405k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Habuchi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Global Edge Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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20
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Vogelsang J, Adachi T, Brazard J, Vanden Bout DA, Barbara PF. Self-assembly of highly ordered conjugated polymer aggregates with long-range energy transfer. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:942-946. [PMID: 21983890 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Applications of conjugated polymers (CP) in organic electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells depend critically on the nature of electronic energy transport in these materials. Single-molecule spectroscopy has revealed their fundamental properties with molecular detail, and recent reports suggest that energy transport in single CP chains can extend over extraordinarily long distances of up to 75 nm. An important question arises as to whether these characteristics are sustained when CP chains agglomerate into a neat solid. Here, we demonstrate that the electronic energy transport in aggregates composed of tens of polymer chains takes place on a similar distance scale as that in single chains. A recently developed molecular-level understanding of solvent vapour annealing has allowed us to develop a technique to control the CP agglomeration process. Aggregates with volumes of at least 45,000 nm(3) (molecular weight ≈ 21 MDa) maintain a highly ordered morphology and show pronounced fluorescence blinking behaviour, indicative of substantially long-range energy transport. Our findings provide a new lens through which the ordering of single CP chains and the evolution of their morphological and optoelectronic properties can be observed, which will ultimately enable the rational design of improved CP-based devices.
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22
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Vogelsang J, Brazard J, Adachi T, Bolinger JC, Barbara PF. Watching the annealing process one polymer chain at a time. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2257-61. [PMID: 21351331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vogelsang
- Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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23
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Vogelsang J, Brazard J, Adachi T, Bolinger JC, Barbara PF. Watching the Annealing Process One Polymer Chain at a Time. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Habuchi S, Onda S, Vacha M. Molecular weight dependence of emission intensity and emitting sites distribution within single conjugated polymer molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1743-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Fron E, Deres A, Rocha S, Zhou G, Müllen K, De Schryver FC, Sliwa M, Uji-i H, Hofkens J, Vosch T. Unraveling Excited-State Dynamics in a Polyfluorene-Perylenediimide Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:1277-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Fron
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Ania Deres
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Susana Rocha
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Frans C. De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR 8516 du CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (FR 2416 du CNRS), Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât C5,59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
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Constitutively active RhoA inhibits proliferation by retarding G(1) to S phase cell cycle progression and impairing cytokinesis. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:495-507. [PMID: 19515453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The actions of RhoA in cytoskeletal regulation have been extensively studied. RhoA also contributes to proliferation and oncogenic transformation by less well-characterized means. Elevated RhoA signalling has been associated with human cancer; through increased RhoA expression, mutation or elevated expression of activating Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), or from deletion or decreased expression of inhibitory Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Unlike the Ras oncogene, constitutively-activated GTPase-deficient RhoA mutants have not been identified in tumours. To investigate the effects of active RhoA on proliferation, we generated Swiss3T3 cells that inducibly express wild-type RhoA or GTPase-deficient active V14RhoA. We found that V14RhoA inhibited cell proliferation by retarding entry into the DNA synthetic cell cycle phase and blocking successful completion of cytokinesis, resulting in an increased incidence of binucleate cells. These effects were associated with inhibition of mitogen-induced activation of the MAPK pathway, and suppression of several proteins involved in mitosis, including anillin, ECT2 and cyclin B1 which would be expected to result in reduced activation of endogenous RhoA at the cell equator. Accumulation of active RhoA protein in the midbody of cells in telophase was inhibited in V14RhoA-expressing cells, suggesting that RhoA inactivation must occur prior to re-activation. Defective cytokinesis was also associated with prominent actin structures in V14RhoA-expressing cells, which might be incompatible with equatorial furrowing. Using super-resolution imaging based on single-molecule switching, we have significantly improved the resolution of active RhoA in midbodies. These results indicate that constitutively-active RhoA antagonizes several cellular activities that contribute to proliferation, highlighting the importance for cycling between GTP/GDP-bound states.
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Wöll D, Braeken E, Deres A, De Schryver FC, Uji-i H, Hofkens J. Polymers and single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, what can we learn? Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:313-28. [PMID: 19169450 DOI: 10.1039/b704319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wöll
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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28
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Habuchi S, Onda S, Vacha M. Mapping the emitting sites within a single conjugated polymer molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4868-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b907882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Walter MJ, Borys NJ, van Schooten KJ, Lupton JM. Light-harvesting action spectroscopy of single conjugated polymer nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3330-3335. [PMID: 18783280 DOI: 10.1021/nl801757p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study exciton migration in single molecular nanowires, dye-endcapped multichromophoric conjugated polymers, as a function of excitation energy. This approach reveals the actual molecular absorption properties, uncovering the molecules within an ensemble and the chromophores within a molecule which contribute to absorption at a given wavelength. As the excitation energy is raised, an increasing number of polymers exhibit energy transfer suggesting that, in contrast to the emission spectrum, the absorption of a single chain under energy transfer conditions can be very broad even at 5 K. At the same time, the polarization anisotropy in excitation decreases due to an increase in the number of noncolinear chromophores involved in absorption. Power and wavelength-dependent measurements clearly discern the exciton blockade effect that gives rise to strong fluctuations of energy transfer. Although the polymer and endcap constitute nominally discrete spectroscopic entities, we are able to identify a subtle influence of the primary backbone exciton energy on the ultimate endcap emission. This demonstration of interchromophoric cooperativity provides a direct realization of how nonradiative energy dissipation in one nanoscale unit influences the spectroscopy of another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred J Walter
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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30
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Ebihara Y, Vacha M. Relating Conformation and Photophysics in Single MEH-PPV Chains. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12575-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806963u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ebihara
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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31
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Newkome GR, Shreiner CD. Poly(amidoamine), polypropylenimine, and related dendrimers and dendrons possessing different 1→2 branching motifs: An overview of the divergent procedures. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Flors C, Hotta JI, Uji-i H, Dedecker P, Ando R, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Hofkens J. A Stroboscopic Approach for Fast Photoactivation−Localization Microscopy with Dronpa Mutants. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13970-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074704l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Flors
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Hotta
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Peter Dedecker
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ando
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mizuno
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Westenhoff S, Beenken WJD, Yartsev A, Greenham NC. Conformational disorder of conjugated polymers. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:154903. [PMID: 17059289 DOI: 10.1063/1.2358682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational disorder of conjugated polymers is an important issue to be understood and quantified. In this paper we present a new method to assess the chain conformation of conjugated polymers based on measurements of intrachain energy transfer. The chain conformation is modeled on the basis of monomer-monomer interactions, such as torsion, bending, and stretching of the connecting bond. The latter two potentials are assumed to be harmonic, while the torsional potential was calculated by density functional theory using B3-LYP functional with the SVP basis set. The energy transfer dynamics of excitons on these chains are quantitatively simulated using Forster-type line-dipole energy transfer. This allows us to compare the simulated ground state conformation of single polymer chains to ultrafast depolarization experiments of poly [3-(2,5-dioctylphenyl)thiophene] in solution. We identify torsional rotation as the main contributor to conformational disorder and find that this disorder is mainly controlled by the energy difference between syn and anti bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Westenhoff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CH3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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Roeffaers MBJ, De Cremer G, Uji-i H, Muls B, Sels BF, Jacobs PA, De Schryver FC, De Vos DE, Hofkens J. Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy in (bio)catalysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:12603-9. [PMID: 17664433 PMCID: PMC1937513 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610755104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-improving time and space resolution and molecular detection sensitivity of fluorescence microscopy offer unique opportunities to deepen our insights into the function of chemical and biological catalysts. Because single-molecule microscopy allows for counting the turnover events one by one, one can map the distribution of the catalytic activities of different sites in solid heterogeneous catalysts, or one can study time-dependent activity fluctuations of individual sites in enzymes or chemical catalysts. By experimentally monitoring individuals rather than populations, the origin of complex behavior, e.g., in kinetics or in deactivation processes, can be successfully elucidated. Recent progress of temporal and spatial resolution in single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is discussed in light of its impact on catalytic assays. Key concepts are illustrated regarding the use of fluorescent reporters in catalytic reactions. Future challenges comprising the integration of other techniques, such as diffraction, scanning probe, or vibrational methods in single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- *Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Cremer
- *Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Benîot Muls
- Department of Chemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- *Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre A. Jacobs
- *Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frans C. De Schryver
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- *Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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35
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Odoi MY, Hammer NI, Rathnayake HP, Lahti PM, Barnes MD. Single-Molecule Studies of a Model Fluorenone. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1481-6. [PMID: 17533617 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence measurements of 2,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylethenyl)fluorenone (OFOPV) reveal narrow emission spectra concentrated around 540 nm, with weak emission at longer wavelengths. The wide scattering of emission-maximum wavelengths is attributed to varying molecular environments, with dimers or higher-order aggregates contributing to the low-energy emission. This spectral distribution indicates that emission from monomers of this model fluorenone is mostly green, which is consistent with contaminant emission (g-bands) often observed in fluorene- and polyfluorene-based organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices. A histogram of center wavelengths from 118 single-molecule spectra shows good agreement with the green emission previously observed in thermally stressed 2,7-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylethenyl)-9,9-diethylfluorene (OFPV). Whereas bulk OFPV exhibits blue fluorescence at about 480 nm, OFOPV bulk thin film measurements reveal red luminescence shifted to 630 nm. This unexpected peak position for bulk OFOPV shifts to higher energies (ca. 540 nm) upon dilution in a solid-state matrix, suggesting that the bulk red emission finds its origins in interactions between fluorenone molecules. Explanations for this red emission include aggregate or excimer formation or intermolecular energy transfer between fluorenone molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Odoi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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36
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Sharonov A, Hochstrasser RM. Wide-field subdiffraction imaging by accumulated binding of diffusing probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:18911-6. [PMID: 17142314 PMCID: PMC1748151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609643104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is introduced for subdiffraction imaging that accumulates points by collisional flux. It is based on targeting the surface of objects by fluorescent probes diffusing in the solution. Because the flux of probes at the object is essentially constant over long time periods, the examination of an almost unlimited number of individual probe molecules becomes possible. Each probe that hits the object and that becomes immobilized is located with high precision by replacing its point-spread function by a point at its centroid. Images of lipid bilayers, contours of these bilayers, and large unilamellar vesicles are shown. A spatial resolution of approximately 25 nm is readily achieved. The ability of the method to effect rapid nanoscale imaging and spatial resolution below Rayleigh criterion and without the necessity for labeling with fluorescent probes is proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sharonov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Robin M. Hochstrasser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Fückel B, Hinze G, Diezemann G, Nolde F, Müllen K, Gauss J, Basché T. Flexibility of phenylene oligomers revealed by single molecule spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:144903. [PMID: 17042646 DOI: 10.1063/1.2355488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rigidity of a p-phenylene oligomer (p-terphenyl) has been investigated by single molecule confocal fluorescence microscopy. Two different rylene diimide dyes attached to the terminal positions of the oligomer allowed for wavelength selective excitation of the two chromophores. In combination with polarization modulation the spatial orientation of the transition dipoles of both end groups could be determined independently. We have analyzed 597 single molecules in two different polymer hosts, polymethylmethacrylate and Zeonex. On average we find a 22 degrees deviation from the linear gas phase geometry (T = 0 K), indicating a rather high flexibility of the p-phenylene oligomer independent of the matrix. To substantiate our experimental results, we have performed quantum chemical calculations at the density functional theory level for the molecular geometry and the electronic excitations. Our findings are in agreement with former experiments on the persistence length of poly(p-phenylenes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Fückel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welderweg 11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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38
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Becker K, Lupton JM. Efficient Light Harvesting in Dye-Endcapped Conjugated Polymers Probed by Single Molecule Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:6468-79. [PMID: 16683812 DOI: 10.1021/ja0609405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of sophisticated microscopic models of energy transfer in linear multichromophoric systems such as conjugated polymers is rarely matched by suitable experimental studies on the microscopic level. To assess the roles of structural, temporal, and energetic disorder in energy transfer, single molecule spectroscopic investigations of the elementary processes leading to energetic relaxation in conjugated polymers are desirable. We present a detailed study of energy transfer processes occurring in dye-endcapped conjugated polymer molecules on the single molecule level. These processes are mostly masked in ensemble investigations. Highly efficient intramolecular energy transfer along a single polyindenofluorene chain to a perylene endcap occurs in many instances and is resolved in real time. We further consider the spectral emission characteristics of the single molecule, the polarization anisotropy which reveals the chain conformation, the fluorescence intermittency, and the temperature dependence and conclude that the efficiency of energy transfer in the ensemble is controlled by the statistics of the individual molecules. The weak thermal activation of energy transfer indicates the involvement of vibrational modes in interchromophoric coupling. Whereas backbone-endcap coupling is strong, the rate-limiting step for intramolecular energy transfer is the migration along the backbone. The results are particularly relevant to understanding undesired exciton trapping on fluorenone defects in polyfluorenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Becker
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
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