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Bünermann O, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM. Inelastic Scattering of H Atoms from Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3059-3076. [PMID: 33779163 PMCID: PMC8154602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an instrument that uses photolysis of hydrogen halides to produce nearly monoenergetic hydrogen atom beams and Rydberg atom tagging to obtain accurate angle-resolved time-of-flight distributions of atoms scattered from surfaces. The surfaces are prepared under strict ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Data from these experiments can provide excellent benchmarks for theory, from which it is possible to obtain an atomic scale understanding of the underlying dynamical processes governing H atom adsorption. In this way, the mechanism of adsorption on metals is revealed, showing a penetration-resurfacing mechanism that relies on electronic excitation of the metal by the H atom to succeed. Contrasting this, when H atoms collide at graphene surfaces, the dynamics of bond formation involving at least four carbon atoms govern adsorption. Future perspectives of H atom scattering from surfaces are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bünermann
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Jeon B, Lee C, Park JY. Electronic Control of Hot Electron Transport Using Modified Schottky Barriers in Metal-Semiconductor Nanodiodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9252-9259. [PMID: 33587596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hot electron flux, generated by both incident light energy and the heat of the catalytic reaction, is a major element for energy conversion at the surface. Controlling hot electron flux in a reversible manner is extremely important for achieving high energy conversion efficiency. Here we demonstrate that hot electron flux can be controlled by tuning the Schottky barrier height. This phenomenon was monitored by using a Schottky nanodiode composed of a metal-semiconductor. The formation of a Schottky barrier at a nanometer scale inevitably accompanies an intrinsic image potential between the metal-semiconductor junction, which lowers the effective Schottky barrier height. When a reverse bias is applied to the nanodiode, an additional image potential participates in a secondary barrier lowering, leading to the increased hot electron flow. Besides, a decrease of tunneling width results in facile electron transport through the barrier. The increased hot electron flux by the chemical reaction (chemicurrent) and by the photon absorption (photocurrent) indicates hot electrons are captured more effectively by modifying the Schottky barrier. This study can shed light on a quantitative understanding and application of charge behavior at metal-semiconductor interfaces, in solar energy conversion, or in a catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Choi JIJ, Kim TS, Kim D, Lee SW, Park JY. Operando Surface Characterization on Catalytic and Energy Materials from Single Crystals to Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16392-16413. [PMID: 33210917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern surface science faces two major challenges, a materials gap and a pressure gap. While studies on single crystal surface in ultrahigh vacuum have uncovered the atomic and electronic structures of the surface, the materials and environmental conditions of commercial catalysis are much more complicated, both in the structure of the materials and in the accessible pressure range of analysis instruments. Model systems and operando surface techniques have been developed to bridge these gaps. In this Review, we highlight the current trends in the development of the surface characterization techniques and methodologies in more realistic environments, with emphasis on recent research efforts at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. We show principles and applications of the microscopic and spectroscopic surface techniques at ambient pressure that were used for the characterization of atomic structure, electronic structure, charge transport, and the mechanical properties of catalytic and energy materials. Ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allow us to observe the surface restructuring that occurs during oxidation, reduction, and catalytic processes. In addition, we introduce the ambient pressure atomic force microscopy that revealed the morphological, mechanical, and charge transport properties that occur during the catalytic and energy conversion processes. Hot electron detection enables the monitoring of catalytic reactions and electronic excitations on the surface. Overall, the information on the nature of catalytic reactions obtained with operando spectroscopic and microscopic techniques may bring breakthroughs in some of the global energy and environmental problems the world is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Il Jake Choi
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Taek-Seung Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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4
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Kim H, Kim YJ, Jung YS, Park JY. Enhanced flux of chemically induced hot electrons on a Pt nanowire/Si nanodiode during decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4410-4416. [PMID: 36132908 PMCID: PMC9419632 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the charge transfer at metal-semiconductor interfaces by detecting hot electrons is crucial for understanding the mechanism of catalytic reactions and the development of an engineered catalyst structure. Over the last two decades, the development of catalytic nanodiodes has enabled us to directly measure chemically induced hot electron flux and relate it to catalytic activity. A crucial question is the role of interfacial sites at metal-oxide interfaces in determining catalytic activity and hot electron flux. To address this issue, a new design of catalytic nanodiodes employs nanoscale Pt wires and a semiconducting substrate. Here, we fabricated a novel Schottky nanodiode, a platinum nanowire (Pt NW) deposited Si catalytic nanodiode (Pt NW/Si) that exhibits an increased number of metal-semiconductor interfacial sites (Pt/Si) compared with a Pt film-based Si nanodiode (Pt film/Si). Two types of Pt/Si catalytic nanodiodes were utilized to investigate the electronic properties of the Pt/Si interface by detecting hot electrons and observing reactivity during the H2O2 decomposition reaction in the liquid-solid system. We show that the Pt NWs had higher catalytic activity because of the surface defect sites on the Pt NW surface. We observed a higher chemicurrent yield on the Pt NW/Si nanodiode compared with the Pt film/Si nanodiode, which is associated with the shortened travel length for the hot electrons at the edge of the Pt nanowires and results in a higher transmission probability for hot electron transport through metal-oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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5
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Shetty M, Walton A, Gathmann SR, Ardagh MA, Gopeesingh J, Resasco J, Birol T, Zhang Q, Tsapatsis M, Vlachos DG, Christopher P, Frisbie CD, Abdelrahman OA, Dauenhauer PJ. The Catalytic Mechanics of Dynamic Surfaces: Stimulating Methods for Promoting Catalytic Resonance. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Shetty
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Amber Walton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sallye R. Gathmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - M. Alexander Ardagh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joshua Gopeesingh
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Joaquin Resasco
- University of California Santa Barbara, Engineering II Building, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Turan Birol
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Phillip Christopher
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- University of California Santa Barbara, Engineering II Building, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - C. Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Omar A. Abdelrahman
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Paul J. Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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6
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Lee SW, Park W, Lee H, Chan Song H, Jung Y, Park JY. Intrinsic Relation between Hot Electron Flux and Catalytic Selectivity during Methanol Oxidation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonghyeon Park
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Song
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Serwatka T, Tremblay JC. Stochastic wave packet approach to nonadiabatic scattering of diatomic molecules from metals. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:184105. [PMID: 31091890 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we present a quantum dynamical approach to study inelastic scattering of diatomic molecules from metal surfaces at normal incidence. The dissipative dynamics obeys a stochastic Schrödinger equation describing the time-evolution of the system as a piecewise deterministic process. Energy exchange between the molecular vibrational degrees of freedom and the metal electrons is represented using operators in tensor product form, which are coupled via anharmonic transition rates calculated from first-order perturbation theory. Full dimensional observables are obtained by averaging over simulations in 4D-including the internal stretch, the distance to the surface, and the orientation angles-at different surface sites. The method is applied to the state-resolved scattering of vibrationally excited NO from Au(111), revealing important channels for quantized energy relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Serwatka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J C Tremblay
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Lee H, Lee H, Park JY. Direct Imaging of Surface Plasmon-Driven Hot Electron Flux on the Au Nanoprism/TiO 2. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:891-896. [PMID: 30608712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of hot electron flux from a plasmonic Schottky nanodiode is important for obtaining fundamental insights explaining the mechanism for electronic excitation on a surface. Here, we report the measurement of photoinduced hot electrons on a triangular Au nanoprism on TiO2 under incident light with photoconductive atomic force microscopy (pc-AFM), which is direct proof of the intrinsic relation between hot electrons and localized surface plasmon resonance. We find that the local photocurrent measured on the boundary of the Au nanoprism is higher than that inside the Au nanoprism, indicating that field confinement at the boundary of the Au nanoprism acts as a hot spot, leading to the enhancement of hot electron flow at the boundary. Under incident illumination with a wavelength near the absorption peak (645 nm) of a single Au nanoprism, localized surface plasmon resonance resulted in the generation of a higher photoinduced hot electron flow for the Au nanoprism/TiO2, compared with that at a wavelength of 532 nm. We show that the application of a reverse bias results in a higher photocurrent for the Au nanoprism/TiO2, which is associated with a lowering of the Schottky barrier height caused by the image force. These nanoscale measurements of hot electron flux with pc-AFM indicate efficient photon energy transfer mediated by surface plasmons in hot electron-based energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhwa Lee
- Graduate School of EEWS and Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Graduate School of EEWS and Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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9
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Lee H, Lim J, Lee C, Back S, An K, Shin JW, Ryoo R, Jung Y, Park JY. Boosting hot electron flux and catalytic activity at metal-oxide interfaces of PtCo bimetallic nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2235. [PMID: 29884825 PMCID: PMC5993833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies, the origin of the enhanced catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) remains elusive because of the ever-changing surface structures, compositions, and oxidation states of NPs under reaction conditions. An effective strategy for obtaining critical clues for the phenomenon is real-time quantitative detection of hot electrons induced by a chemical reaction on the catalysts. Here, we investigate hot electrons excited on PtCo bimetallic NPs during H2 oxidation by measuring the chemicurrent on a catalytic nanodiode while changing the Pt composition of the NPs. We reveal that the presence of a CoO/Pt interface enables efficient transport of electrons and higher catalytic activity for PtCo NPs. These results are consistent with theoretical calculations suggesting that lower activation energy and higher exothermicity are required for the reaction at the CoO/Pt interface. The real-time quantitative detection of hot electrons provides critical clues to understand the origin of the enhanced catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). Here, the authors investigate hot electrons generated on bimetallic PtCo NPs during H2 oxidation by measuring the chemicurrent on a catalytic nanodiode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Lim
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoin Back
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin An
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shin
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Goddeti KC, Lee H, Jeon B, Park JY. Enhancing hot electron collection with nanotube-based three-dimensional catalytic nanodiode under hydrogen oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8968-8971. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel three-dimensional catalytic nanodiode composed of a Pt thin film on TiO2 nanotubes was designed for the efficient detection of the flux of hot electrons, or chemicurrent, under hydrogen oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan C. Goddeti
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoon Jeon
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of EEWS
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11
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Ray NJ, Styrov VV, Karpov EG. Interfacial contributions of H2O2 decomposition-induced reaction current on mesoporous Pt/TiO2 systems. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Park JY, Lee SW, Lee C, Lee H. Strategies for Hot Electron-Mediated Catalytic Reactions: Catalytronics. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-2092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Oh S, Qadir K, Park JY. Nature of Active Sites and Their Quantitative Measurement in Two-Dimensional Pt Metal Catalysts. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Liu Z, Huang Z, Cheng F, Guo Z, Wang G, Chen X, Wang Z. Efficient Dual-Site Carbon Monoxide Electro-Catalysts via Interfacial Nano-Engineering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33127. [PMID: 27650532 PMCID: PMC5030650 DOI: 10.1038/srep33127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Durable, highly efficient, and economic sound electrocatalysts for CO electrooxidation (COE) are the emerging key for wide variety of energy solutions, especially fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Herein, we report the novel system of nickel-aluminum double layered hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) nanoplates on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network. The formulation of such complexes system was to be induced through the assistance of gold nanoparticles in order to form dual-metal active sites so as to create a extended Au/NiO two phase zone. Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion of ionic liquid electrolyte was selected to enhance the CO/O2 adsorption and to facilitate electro-catalyzed oxidation of Ni (OH)2 to NiOOH by increasing the electrophilicity of catalytic interface. The resulting neutral catalytic system exhibited ultra-high electrocatalytic activity and stability for CO electrooxidation than commercial and other reported precious metal catalysts. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the LDH-Au/CNTs COE catalyst was much higher than the previous reported other similar electrocatalysts, even close to the activity of solid-gas chemical catalysts at high temperature. Moreover, in the long-term durability testing, the negligible variation of current density remains exsisting after 1000 electrochemistry cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
- Department of Physics & Engineering, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD 21532-2303, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Feifei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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15
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Kim SM, Lee SW, Moon SY, Park JY. The effect of hot electrons and surface plasmons on heterogeneous catalysis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:254002. [PMID: 27166263 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/25/254002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons and surface-plasmon-driven chemistry are amongst the most actively studied research subjects because they are deeply associated with energy dissipation and the conversion processes at the surface and interfaces, which are still open questions and key issues in the surface science community. In this topical review, we give an overview of the concept of hot electrons or surface-plasmon-mediated hot electrons generated under various structural schemes (i.e. metals, metal-semiconductor, and metal-insulator-metal) and their role affecting catalytic activity in chemical reactions. We highlight recent studies on the relation between hot electrons and catalytic activity on metallic surfaces. We discuss possible mechanisms for how hot electrons participate in chemical reactions. We also introduce controlled chemistry to describe specific pathways for selectivity control in catalysis on metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Korea. Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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16
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Lee YK, Lee H, Lee C, Hwang E, Park JY. Hot-electron-based solar energy conversion with metal-semiconductor nanodiodes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:254006. [PMID: 27168177 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/25/254006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Energy dissipation at metal surfaces or interfaces between a metal and a dielectric generally results from elementary excitations, including phonons and electronic excitation, once external energy is deposited to the surface/interface during exothermic chemical processes or an electromagnetic wave incident. In this paper, we outline recent research activities to develop energy conversion devices based on hot electrons. We found that photon energy can be directly converted to hot electrons and that hot electrons flow through the interface of metal-semiconductor nanodiodes where a Schottky barrier is formed and the energy barrier is much lower than the work function of the metal. The detection of hot electron flow can be successfully measured using the photocurrent; we measured the photoyield of photoemission with incident photons-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE). We also show that surface plasmons (i.e. the collective oscillation of conduction band electrons induced by interaction with an electromagnetic field) are excited on a rough metal surface and subsequently decay into secondary electrons, which gives rise to enhancement of the IPCE. Furthermore, the unique optical behavior of surface plasmons can be coupled with dye molecules, suggesting the possibility for producing additional channels for hot electron generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Korea. Graduate School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Lee YK, Choi H, Lee H, Lee C, Choi JS, Choi CG, Hwang E, Park JY. Hot carrier multiplication on graphene/TiO2 Schottky nanodiodes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27549. [PMID: 27271245 PMCID: PMC4897609 DOI: 10.1038/srep27549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrier multiplication (i.e. generation of multiple electron-hole pairs from a single high-energy electron, CM) in graphene has been extensively studied both theoretically and experimentally, but direct application of hot carrier multiplication in graphene has not been reported. Here, taking advantage of efficient CM in graphene, we fabricated graphene/TiO2 Schottky nanodiodes and found CM-driven enhancement of quantum efficiency. The unusual photocurrent behavior was observed and directly compared with Fowler's law for photoemission on metals. The Fowler's law exponent for the graphene-based nanodiode is almost twice that of a thin gold film based diode; the graphene-based nanodiode also has a weak dependence on light intensity-both are significant evidence for CM in graphene. Furthermore, doping in graphene significantly modifies the quantum efficiency by changing the Schottky barrier. The CM phenomenon observed on the graphene/TiO2 nanodiodes can lead to intriguing applications of viable graphene-based light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hongkyw Choi
- Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jin Sik Choi
- Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gi Choi
- Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Euyheon Hwang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Lee H, Nedrygailov II, Lee YK, Lee C, Choi H, Choi JS, Choi CG, Park JY. Graphene-Semiconductor Catalytic Nanodiodes for Quantitative Detection of Hot Electrons Induced by a Chemical Reaction. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1650-1656. [PMID: 26910271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct detection of hot electrons generated by exothermic surface reactions on nanocatalysts is an effective strategy to obtain insight into electronic excitation during chemical reactions. For this purpose, we fabricated a novel catalytic nanodiode based on a Schottky junction between a single layer of graphene and an n-type TiO2 layer that enables the detection of hot electron flows produced by hydrogen oxidation on Pt nanoparticles. By making a comparative analysis of data obtained from measuring the hot electron current (chemicurrent) and turnover frequency, we demonstrate that graphene's unique electronic structure and extraordinary material properties, including its atomically thin nature and ballistic electron transport, allow improved conductivity at the interface between the catalytic Pt nanoparticles and the support. Thereby, graphene-based nanodiodes offer an effective and facile way to approach the study of chemical energy conversion mechanisms in composite catalysts with carbon-based supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Lee
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ievgen I Nedrygailov
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Lee
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyw Choi
- Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sik Choi
- Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gi Choi
- Creative Research Center for Graphene Electronics, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Diesing D, Hasselbrink E. Chemical energy dissipation at surfaces under UHV and high pressure conditions studied using metal–insulator–metal and similar devices. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3747-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin film metal heterostructures have allowed new light to be shed on the dissipation of chemical energy into electric excitations on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Diesing
- Fakultät f. Chemie
- Universität Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
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20
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Wodtke AM. Electronically non-adiabatic influences in surface chemistry and dynamics. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3641-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronically nonadiabatic interactions between molecules and metal surfaces are now well known. But evidence that such interactions influence reaction rates is still scarce. This paper reviews research related to this topic and proposes pathways forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- Göttingen
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21
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Hot Electron Surface Chemistry at Oxide–Metal Interfaces: Foundation of Acid-base Catalysis. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Park JY, Kim SM, Lee H, Nedrygailov II. Hot-electron-mediated surface chemistry: toward electronic control of catalytic activity. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2475-83. [PMID: 26181684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy dissipation at surfaces and interfaces is mediated by excitation of elementary processes, including phonons and electronic excitation, once external energy is deposited to the surface during exothermic chemical processes. Nonadiabatic electronic excitation in exothermic catalytic reactions results in the flow of energetic electrons with an energy of 1-3 eV when chemical energy is converted to electron flow on a short (femtosecond) time scale before atomic vibration adiabatically dissipates the energy (in picoseconds). These energetic electrons that are not in thermal equilibrium with the metal atoms are called "hot electrons". The detection of hot electron flow under atomic or molecular processes and understanding its role in chemical reactions have been major topics in surface chemistry. Recent studies have demonstrated electronic excitation produced during atomic or molecular processes on surfaces, and the influence of hot electrons on atomic and molecular processes. We outline research efforts aimed at identification of the intrinsic relation between the flow of hot electrons and catalytic reactions. We show various strategies for detection and use of hot electrons generated by the energy dissipation processes in surface chemical reactions and photon absorption. A Schottky barrier localized at the metal-oxide interface of either catalytic nanodiodes or hybrid nanocatalysts allows hot electrons to irreversibly transport through the interface. We show that the chemicurrent, composed of hot electrons excited by the surface reaction of CO oxidation or hydrogen oxidation, correlates well with the turnover rate measured separately by gas chromatography. Furthermore, we show that hot electron flows generated on a gold thin film by photon absorption (or internal photoemission) can be amplified by localized surface plasmon resonance. The influence of hot charge carriers on the chemistry at the metal-oxide interface are discussed for the cases of Au, Ag, and Pt nanoparticles on oxide supports and Pt-CdSe-Pt nanodumbbells. We show that the accumulation or depletion of hot electrons on metal nanoparticles, in turn, can also influence catalytic reactions. Mechanisms suggested for hot-electron-induced chemical reactions on a photoexcited plasmonic metal are discussed. We propose that the manipulation of the flow of hot electrons by changing the electrical characteristics of metal-oxide and metal-semiconductor interfaces can give rise to the intriguing capability of tuning the catalytic activity of hybrid nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ievgen I. Nedrygailov
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Graduate
School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Conquering Catalyst Complexity: Nanoparticle Synthesis and Instrument Development for Molecular and Atomistic Characterisation Under In Situ Conditions. Top Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-015-0398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Park JY, Baker LR, Somorjai GA. Role of hot electrons and metal-oxide interfaces in surface chemistry and catalytic reactions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2781-817. [PMID: 25791926 DOI: 10.1021/cr400311p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Young Park
- †Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,‡Graduate School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - L Robert Baker
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gabor A Somorjai
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,⊥Materials Sciences and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Abstract
A heterogeneous catalyst is a functional material that continually creates active sites with its reactants under reaction conditions. These sites change the rates of chemical reactions of the reactants localized on them without changing the thermodynamic equilibrium between the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Germany) http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de http://www.cec.mpg.de; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr (Germany).
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Lee H, Nedrygailov II, Lee C, Somorjai GA, Park JY. Chemical‐Reaction‐Induced Hot Electron Flows on Platinum Colloid Nanoparticles under Hydrogen Oxidation: Impact of Nanoparticle Size. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305‐701 (Korea)
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305‐701 (Korea)
| | - Ievgen I. Nedrygailov
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305‐701 (Korea)
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305‐701 (Korea)
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305‐701 (Korea)
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305‐701 (Korea)
| | - Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305‐701 (Korea)
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305‐701 (Korea)
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28
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Chemical‐Reaction‐Induced Hot Electron Flows on Platinum Colloid Nanoparticles under Hydrogen Oxidation: Impact of Nanoparticle Size. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2340-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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30
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Atomic Scale Foundation of Covalent and Acid–Base Catalysis in Reaction Selectivity and Turnover Rate. Top Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-014-0357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Nanocatalysis II: In Situ Surface Probes of Nano-Catalysts and Correlative Structure–Reactivity Studies. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Charge Transport in Metal–Oxide Interfaces: Genesis and Detection of Hot Electron Flow and Its Role in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Uranga-Piña L, Tremblay JC. Relaxation dynamics in quantum dissipative systems: the microscopic effect of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074703. [PMID: 25149802 DOI: 10.1063/1.4892376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of inter-mode coupling on the vibrational relaxation dynamics of molecules in weak dissipative environments. The simulations are performed within the reduced density matrix formalism in the Markovian regime, assuming a Lindblad form for the system-bath interaction. The prototypical two-dimensional model system representing two CO molecules approaching a Cu(100) surface is adapted from an ab initio potential, while the diatom-diatom vibrational coupling strength is systematically varied. In the weak system-bath coupling limit and at low temperatures, only first order non-adiabatic uni-modal coupling terms contribute to surface-mediated vibrational relaxation. Since dissipative dynamics is non-unitary, the choice of representation will affect the evolution of the reduced density matrix. Two alternative representations for computing the relaxation rates and the associated operators are thus compared: the fully coupled spectral basis, and a factorizable ansatz. The former is well-established and serves as a benchmark for the solution of Liouville-von Neumann equation. In the latter, a contracted grid basis of potential-optimized discrete variable representation is tailored to incorporate most of the inter-mode coupling, while the Lindblad operators are represented as tensor products of one-dimensional operators, for consistency. This procedure results in a marked reduction of the grid size and in a much more advantageous scaling of the computational cost with respect to the increase of the dimensionality of the system. The factorizable method is found to provide an accurate description of the dissipative quantum dynamics of the model system, specifically of the time evolution of the state populations and of the probability density distribution of the molecular wave packet. The influence of intra-molecular vibrational energy redistribution appears to be properly taken into account by the new model on the whole range of coupling strengths. It demontrates that most of the mode mixing during relaxation is due to the potential part of the Hamiltonian and not to the coupling among relaxation operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Uranga-Piña
- Facultad de Física, Universidad de la Habana, San Lázaro y L, Vedado, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - J C Tremblay
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Kim SM, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Kwon S, Yee KJ, Song H, Somorjai GA, Park JY. Hot carrier-driven catalytic reactions on Pt-CdSe-Pt nanodumbbells and Pt/GaN under light irradiation. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1352-1358. [PMID: 23428162 DOI: 10.1021/nl400367m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanocatalysts consisting of metal nanoparticle-semiconductor junctions offer an interesting platform to study the role of metal-oxide interfaces and hot electron flows in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we report that hot carriers generated upon photon absorption significantly impact the catalytic activity of CO oxidation. We found that Pt-CdSe-Pt nanodumbbells exhibit a higher turnover frequency by a factor of 2 during irradiation by light with energy higher than the bandgap of CdSe, while the turnover rate on bare Pt nanoparticles did not depend on light irradiation. We found that Pt nanoparticles deposited on a GaN substrate under light irradiation exhibit changes in catalytic activity of CO oxidation that depends on the type of doping of the GaN. We suppose that hot electrons are generated upon the absorption of photons by the semiconducting nanorods or substrates, whereafter the hot electrons are injected into the Pt nanoparticles, resulting in the change in catalytic activity. The results imply that hot carrier flows generated during light irradiation significantly influence the catalytic activity of CO oxidation, leading to potential applications as a hot electron-based catalytic actuator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Graduate School of EEWS (WCU) and NanoCentury KI, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Vibrational Energy Transfer at Surfaces: The Importance of Non-Adiabatic Electronic Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32955-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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36
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Kim SM, Park D, Yuk Y, Kim SH, Park JY. Influence of hot carriers on catalytic reaction; Pt nanoparticles on GaN substrates under light irradiation. Faraday Discuss 2013; 162:355-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Shenvi N, Yang W. Achieving partial decoherence in surface hopping through phase correction. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:22A528. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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38
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Zhang Z, Yates JT. Band bending in semiconductors: chemical and physical consequences at surfaces and interfaces. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5520-51. [PMID: 22783915 DOI: 10.1021/cr3000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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39
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Baker LR, Hervier A, Kennedy G, Somorjai GA. Solid-state charge-based device for control of catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation on platinum nanofilms using external bias and light. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:2554-2558. [PMID: 22463103 DOI: 10.1021/nl3007787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using a Pt/Si catalytic nanodiode, we externally control the rate of CO oxidation on a Pt nanofilm. The catalytic reaction can be turned on and off by alternating between bias states of the device. Additionally, the reaction rate is sensitive to photocurrent induced by visible light. The effects of both bias and light show that negative charge on the Pt increases catalytic activity, while positive charge on the Pt decreases catalytic activity for CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Robert Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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40
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Lee YK, Jung CH, Park J, Seo H, Somorjai GA, Park JY. Surface plasmon-driven hot electron flow probed with metal-semiconductor nanodiodes. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4251-5. [PMID: 21916449 DOI: 10.1021/nl2022459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A continuous flow of hot electrons that are not at thermal equilibrium with the surrounding metal atoms is generated by the absorption of photons. Here we show that hot electron flow generated on a gold thin film by photon absorption (or internal photoemission) is amplified by localized surface plasmon resonance. This was achieved by direct measurement of photocurrent on a chemically modified gold thin film of metal-semiconductor (TiO(2)) Schottky diodes. The short-circuit photocurrent obtained with low-energy photons is consistent with Fowler's law, confirming the presence of hot electron flows. The morphology of the metal thin film was modified to a connected gold island structure after heating such that it exhibits surface plasmon. Photocurrent and optical measurements on the connected island structures revealed the presence of a localized surface plasmon at 550 ± 20 nm. The results indicate an intrinsic correlation between the hot electron flow generated by internal photoemission and localized surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Lee
- Graduate School of EEWS (WCU) and NanoCentury KI, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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41
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Deshlahra P, Schneider WF, Bernstein GH, Wolf EE. Direct Control of Electron Transfer to the Surface-CO Bond on a Pt/TiO2 Catalytic Diode. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16459-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2020789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Deshlahra
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William F. Schneider
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Gary H. Bernstein
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eduardo E. Wolf
- Departments of †Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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42
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Cooper R, Rahinov I, Li Z, Matsiev D, Auerbach DJ, Wodtke AM. Vibrational overtone excitation in electron mediated energy transfer at metal surfaces. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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43
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Shenvi N, Roy S, Tully JC. Dynamical Steering and Electronic Excitation in NO Scattering from a Gold Surface. Science 2009; 326:829-32. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1179240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Somorjai GA, Frei H, Park JY. Advancing the Frontiers in Nanocatalysis, Biointerfaces, and Renewable Energy Conversion by Innovations of Surface Techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16589-605. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9061954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Heinz Frei
- Department of Chemistry and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Jeong Y. Park
- Department of Chemistry and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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Hervier A, Renzas JR, Park JY, Somorjai GA. Hydrogen oxidation-driven hot electron flow detected by catalytic nanodiodes. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:3930-3933. [PMID: 19731919 DOI: 10.1021/nl9023275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen oxidation on platinum is shown to be a surface catalytic chemical reaction that generates a steady state flux of hot (>1 eV) conduction electrons. These hot electrons are detected as a steady-state chemicurrent across Pt/TiO(2) Schottky diodes whose Pt surface is exposed to hydrogen and oxygen. Kinetic studies establish that the chemicurrent is proportional to turnover frequency for temperatures ranging from 298 to 373 K for P(H2) between 1 and 8 Torr and P(O2) at 760 Torr. Both chemicurrent and turnover frequency exhibit a first order dependence on P(H2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Hervier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Shenvi N, Roy S, Tully JC. Nonadiabatic dynamics at metal surfaces: Independent-electron surface hopping. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:174107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3125436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Materials Sciences Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Jeong Y. Park
- Materials Sciences Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Materials Sciences Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Jeong Y. Park
- Materials Sciences Division and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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Park JY, Lee H, Renzas JR, Zhang Y, Somorjai GA. Probing hot electron flow generated on Pt nanoparticles with Au/TiO2 Schottky diodes during catalytic CO oxidation. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2388-2392. [PMID: 18572970 DOI: 10.1021/nl8012456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hot electron flow generated on colloid platinum nanoparticles during exothermic catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation was directly detected with Au/TiO2 diodes. Although Au/TiO2 diodes are not catalytically active, platinum nanoparticles on Au/TiO2 exhibit both chemicurrent and catalytic turnover rate. Hot electrons are generated on the surface of the metal nanoparticles and go over the Schottky energy barrier between Au and TiO2. The continuous Au layer ensures that the metal nanoparticles are electrically connected to the device. The overall thickness of the metal assembly (nanoparticles and Au thin film) is comparable to the mean free path of hot electrons, resulting in ballistic transport through the metal. The chemicurrent and chemical reactivity of nanoparticles with citrate, hexadecylamine, hexadecylthiol, and TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) capping agents were measured during catalytic CO oxidation at pressures of 100 Torr O2 and 40 Torr CO at 373-513 K. We found that chemicurrent yield varies with each capping agent but always decreases with increasing temperature. We suggest that this inverse temperature dependence is associated with the influence of charging effects due to the organic capping layer during hot electron transport through the metal-oxide interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Y Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Somorjai GA, Park JY. Colloid Science of Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts in 2D and 3D Structures. Challenges of Nucleation, Growth, Composition, Particle Shape, Size Control and Their Influence on Activity and Selectivity. Top Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-008-9077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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