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Design, photophysical properties, and applications of fluorene-based fluorophores in two-photon fluorescence bioimaging: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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2
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Bolze F, Jenni S, Sour A, Heitz V. Molecular photosensitisers for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12857-12877. [PMID: 29115314 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation has attracted the attention of biologists, especially after the development of two-photon excited microscopy in the nineties. Since then, new applications have rapidly emerged such as the release of biologically active molecules and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using two-photon excitation. PDT, which requires a light-activated drug (photosensitiser), is a clinically approved and minimally invasive treatment for cancer and for non-malignant diseases. This feature article focuses on the engineering of molecular two-photon photosensitisers for PDT, which should bring important benefits to the treatment, increase the treatment penetration depth with near-infrared light excitation, improve the spatial selectivity and reduce the photodamage to healthy tissues. After an overview of the two-photon absorption phenomenon and the methods to evaluate two-photon induced phototoxicity on cell cultures, the different classes of photosensitisers described in the literature are discussed. The two-photon PDT performed with historical one-photon sensitisers are briefly presented, followed by specifically engineered cyclic tetrapyrrole photosensitisers, purely organic photosensitisers and transition metal complexes. Finally, targeted two-photon photosensitisers and theranostic agents that should enhance the selectivity and efficiency of the treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bolze
- CAMB, UMR 7199, UdS/CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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Ceymann H, Rosspeintner A, Schreck MH, Mützel C, Stoy A, Vauthey E, Lambert C. Cooperative enhancement versus additivity of two-photon-absorption cross sections in linear and branched squaraine superchromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16404-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our investigation of the nonlinear optical properties of a series of oligomeric squaraine dyes showed enhanced cross sections for linear oligomers but only additivity for branched systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Ceymann
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Maximilian H. Schreck
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
| | - Carina Mützel
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Würzburg
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Am Hubland
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Liu J, Chen Y, Li G, Zhang P, Jin C, Zeng L, Ji L, Chao H. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as mitochondria-targeted two-photon photodynamic anticancer agents. Biomaterials 2015; 56:140-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nielsen CBO, Sørensen HO, Kongsted J. Comparison between Theoretically and Experimentally Determined Electronic Properties: Applications to Two-Photon Singlet Oxygen Sensitizers. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1906-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Benedikt Orea Nielsen
- Polymer
Department, Risø National Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henning Osholm Sørensen
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Woodward AW, Frazer A, Morales AR, Yu J, Moore AF, Campiglia AD, Jucov EV, V. Timofeeva T, Belfield KD. Two-photon sensitized visible and near-IR luminescence of lanthanide complexes using a fluorene-based donor–π-acceptor diketonate. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16626-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Haniff HS, Mikhailov IA, Luchita G, Przhonska OV. Superfluorescent Squaraine with Efficient Two-Photon Absorption and High Photostability. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3532-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Bromine-substituted p-nitrostilbene derivatives: synthesis, crystal structural studies, photoluminescence and the heavy atom effect on the singlet oxygen generation by two-photon absorption. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Diaz C, Frazer A, Morales A, Belfield KD, Ray S, Hernández FE. Structural Identification of a Novel Axially Chiral Binaphthyl Fluorene Based Salen Ligand in Solution Using Electronic Circular Dichroism: A Theoretical–Experimental Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:2453-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366,
United States
| | - Andrew Frazer
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366,
United States
| | - Alma Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366,
United States
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366,
United States
- The College
of Optics and Photonics,
CREOL, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida
32816-2366, United States
| | - Supriyo Ray
- Department of Physics, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162385, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385,
United States
| | - Florencio E. Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366,
United States
- The College
of Optics and Photonics,
CREOL, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida
32816-2366, United States
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Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Hernandez FE, Przhonska OV, Wang X, Yao S. A superfluorescent fluorenyl probe with efficient two-photon absorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4303-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Frazer A, Morales AR, Kachkovsky OD, Mikhailov IA, Masunov AE, Przhonska OV. Fluorene-based metal-ion sensing probe with high sensitivity to Zn2+ and efficient two-photon absorption. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9313-21. [PMID: 20590077 DOI: 10.1021/jp104450m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical, photochemical, two-photon absorption (2PA) and metal ion sensing properties of a new fluorene derivative (E)-1-(7-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)styryl)-9,9-bis(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-3-(2-(9,10,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,24-decahydro-6H dibenzo[h,s][1,4,7,11,14,17]trioxatriazacycloicosin-20(7H)-yl)ethyl)thiourea (1) were investigated in organic and aqueous media. High sensitivity and selectivity of 1 to Zn(2+) in tetrahydrofuran and a water/acetonitrile mixture were shown by both absorption and fluorescence titration. The observed complexation processes corresponded to 1:1 stoichiometry with the range of binding constants approximately (2-3) x 10(5) M(-1). The degenerate 2PA spectra of 1 and 1/Zn(2+) complex were obtained in the 640-900 nm spectral range with the maximum values of two-photon action cross section for ligand/metal complex approximately (90-130) GM, using a standard two-photon induced fluorescence methodology under femtosecond excitation. The nature of the 2PA bands was analyzed by quantum chemical methods and a specific dependence on metal ion binding processes was shown. Ratiometric fluorescence detection (420/650 nm) provided a good dynamic range (10(-4) to 10(-6) M) for detecting Zn(2+), which along with the good photostability and 2PA properties of probe 1 makes it a good candidate in two-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging and sensing of Zn ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Belfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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Ke H, Wang H, Wong WK, Mak NK, Kwong DWJ, Wong KL, Tam HL. Responsive and mitochondria-specific ruthenium(II) complex for dual in vitro applications: two-photon (near-infrared) induced imaging and regioselective cell killing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6678-80. [PMID: 20717606 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mitochondria-permeable ruthenium(II) complex has been designed as a responsive probe which may be used to sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen (Phi(Delta) = 0.93) and cause local damage in cellulo when exposed to UV and near-infrared laser excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhong Ke
- Faculty of Material Science & Chemistry Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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Masunov AE, Mikhailov IA. Theory and computations of two-photon absorbing photochromic chromophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.1.2.142-161.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nielsen CB, Arnbjerg J, Johnsen M, Jo̷rgensen M, Ogilby PR. Molecular Tuning of Phenylene-Vinylene Derivatives for Two-Photon Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9094-104. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Nielsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
- Polymer Department, Riso̷ National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jacob Arnbjerg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
| | - Mette Johnsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
| | - Mikkel Jo̷rgensen
- Polymer Department, Riso̷ National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
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Mikhailov IA, Belfield KD, Masunov AE. DFT-Based Methods in the Design of Two-Photon Operated Molecular Switches. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7080-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Mikhailov
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, and Department of Chemistry, CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, and Department of Chemistry, CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366
| | - Artëm E. Masunov
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, and Department of Chemistry, CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366
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16
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Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Yanez CO, Hernandez FE, Przhonska OV. Two-photon absorption and lasing properties of new fluorene derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b820950b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Two-photon Absorbing Photonic Materials: From Fundamentals to Applications. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2007_126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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