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Allen AM, Olive LN, Gonzalez Franco PA, Barua SR, Allen WD, Schaefer HF. Fulminic acid: a quasibent spectacle. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:24109-24125. [PMID: 39248729 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02700k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Fulminic acid (HCNO) played a critical role in the early development of organic chemistry, and chemists have sought to discern the structure and characteristics of this molecule and its isomers for over 200 years. The mercurial nature of the extremely flat H-C-N bending potential of fulminic acid, with a nearly vanishing harmonic vibrational frequency at linearity, remains enigmatic and refractory to electronic structure theory, as dramatic variation with both orbital basis set and electron correlation method is witnessed. To solve this problem using rigorous electronic wavefunction methods, we have employed focal point analyses (FPA) to ascertain the ab initio limit of optimized linear and bent geometries, corresponding vibrational frequencies, and the HCN + O(3P) → HCNO reaction energy. Electron correlation treatments as extensive as CCSDT(Q), CCSDTQ(P), and even CCSDTQP(H) were employed, and complete basis set (CBS) extrapolations were performed using the cc-pCVXZ (X = 4-6) basis sets. Core electron correlation, scalar relativistic effects (MVD1), and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections (DBOC) were all included and found to contribute significantly in determining whether vibrationless HCNO is linear or bent. At the all-electron (AE) CCSD(T)/CBS level, HCNO is a linear molecule with ω5(H-C-N bend) = 120 cm-1. However, composite AE-CCSDT(Q)/CBS computations give an imaginary frequency (51i cm-1) at the linear optimized geometry, leading to an equilibrium structure with an H-C-N angle of 173.9°. Finally, at the AE-CCSDTQ(P)/CBS level, HCNO is once again linear with ω5 = 45 cm-1, and inclusion of both MVD1 and DBOC effects yields ω5 = 32 cm-1. A host of other topics has also been investigated for fulminic acid, including the dependence of re and ωi predictions on a variety of CBS extrapolation formulas, the question of multireference character, the N-O bond energy and enthalpy of formation, and issues that give rise to the quasibent appellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Allen
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Laura N Olive
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | | | - Shiblee R Barua
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Wesley D Allen
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Quack M, Seyfang G, Wichmann G. Perspectives on parity violation in chiral molecules: theory, spectroscopic experiment and biomolecular homochirality. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10598-10643. [PMID: 36320700 PMCID: PMC9491092 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number parity and a fundamental ‘non-observable’ property of space (as defined by an absolute ‘left-handed’ or ‘right-handed’ coordinate system). The discovery of the violation of this symmetry – the non-conservation of parity or ‘parity violation’ – in 1956/1957 had an important influence on the further development of physics. In chemistry the mirror symmetry of space is connected to the existence of enantiomers as isomers of chiral (‘handed’) molecules. These isomers would relate to each other as idealized left or right hand or as image and mirror image and would be energetically exactly equivalent with perfect space inversion symmetry. Parity violation results in an extremely small ‘parity violating’ energy difference between the ground states of the enantiomers which can be theoretically calculated to be about 100 aeV to 1 feV (equivalent to 10−11 to 10−10 J mol−1), depending on the molecule, but which has not yet been detected experimentally. Its detection remains one of the great challenges of current physical–chemical stereochemistry, with implications also for fundamental problems in physics. In biochemistry and molecular biology one finds a related fundamental question unanswered for more than 100 years: the evolution of ‘homochirality’, which is the practically exclusive preference of one chiral, enantiomeric form as building blocks in the biopolymers of all known forms of life (the l-amino acids in proteins and d-sugars in DNA, not the reverse d-amino acids or l-sugars). In astrobiology the spectroscopic detection of homochirality could be used as strong evidence for the existence of extraterrestrial life, if any. After a brief conceptual and historical introduction we review the development, current status, and progress along these three lines of research: theory, spectroscopic experiment and the outlook towards an understanding of the evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The reflection (or ‘mirror’) symmetry of space is among the fundamental symmetries of physics. It is connected to the conservation law for the quantum number purity and its violation and has a fundamental relation to stereochemistry and molecular chirality.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Albert S, Chen Z, Keppler K, Lerch P, Quack M, Schurig V, Trapp O. The Gigahertz and Terahertz spectrum of monodeutero-oxirane (c-C 2H 3DO). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3669-3675. [PMID: 30444517 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rotational spectrum of monodeutero-oxirane was analysed as measured using the Zurich Gigahertz (GHz) spectrometer and our highest resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer system coupled to synchrotron radiation at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). 112 distinct line frequencies have been newly assigned in the GHz range (extended to 120 GHz, compared to previous work extending to only 59 GHz) including rotational states up to J = 23. We have furthermore assigned 398 lines in the far infrared or Terahertz range (0.75-2.10 THz or 25-70 cm-1) including transitions with rotational quantum numbers up to J = 59. The results are discussed in relation to the possible first astrophysical observation of an isotopically chiral molecule and in relation to molecular parity violation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieghard Albert
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Albert S, Bolotova I, Chen Z, Fábri C, Quack M, Seyfang G, Zindel D. High-resolution FTIR spectroscopy of trisulfane HSSSH: a candidate for detecting parity violation in chiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11738-11743. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the first analysis of high resolution infrared spectra for trisulfane, a candidate to measure molecular parity violation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Albert
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - I. Bolotova
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - C. Fábri
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - M. Quack
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - G. Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - D. Zindel
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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Albert S, Bolotova I, Chen Z, Fábri C, Horný L, Quack M, Seyfang G, Zindel D. High resolution GHz and THz (FTIR) spectroscopy and theory of parity violation and tunneling for 1,2-dithiine (C4H4S2) as a candidate for measuring the parity violating energy difference between enantiomers of chiral molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21976-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our results show that this molecule is a suitable candidate for a possible first determination of the parity violating energy difference ΔpvE between enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Albert
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source
| | - I. Bolotova
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - C. Fábri
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - L'. Horný
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - M. Quack
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - G. Seyfang
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - D. Zindel
- Physical Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Prentner R, Quack M, Stohner J, Willeke M. Wavepacket Dynamics of the Axially Chiral Molecule Cl–O–O–Cl under Coherent Radiative Excitation and Including Electroweak Parity Violation. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12805-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Prentner
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Chair for Philosophy, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Quack
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Institute
for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zürich University for Applied Sciences, Campus Reidbach, CH-8840 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Martin Willeke
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Albert S, Keppler K, Quack M. High-resolution rovibrational spectroscopy of fluorobenzene, C6H5F: analysis of theB1fundamentals ν4, ν10b, ν17b, theB2fundamental ν15and assignment of theA1levels ν12, 2ν16aand 2ν18b†. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1023754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ulenikov ON, Bekhtereva ES, Albert S, Bauerecker S, Niederer HM, Quack M. Survey of the high resolution infrared spectrum of methane (12CH4and13CH4): Partial vibrational assignment extended towards 12 000 cm−1. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:234302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4899263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. N. Ulenikov
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics and Technology National Research, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - E. S. Bekhtereva
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics and Technology National Research, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - S. Albert
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Bauerecker
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H. M. Niederer
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M. Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Császár AG, Demaison J, Rudolph HD. Equilibrium Structures of Three-, Four-, Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Unsaturated N-Containing Heterocycles. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:1731-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5084168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila G. Császár
- Laboratory
of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest,
Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Research Group on Complex Chemical Systems, H-1518 Budapest 112, P.O. Box
32, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jean Demaison
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Université de Lille I, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
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Ulenikov O, Bekhtereva E, Fomchenko A, Litvinovskaya A, Leroy C, Quack M. On the ‘expanded local mode’ approach applied to the methane molecule: isotopic substitutions CH3D ←CH4 and CHD3 ←CH4. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.912360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O.N. Ulenikov
- Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Physics Department, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E.S. Bekhtereva
- Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Physics Department, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A.L. Fomchenko
- Physics Department, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - A.G. Litvinovskaya
- Physics Department, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - C. Leroy
- Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - M. Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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Albert S, Lerch P, Quack M. Synchrotron‐Based Rotationally Resolved High‐Resolution FTIR Spectroscopy of Azulene and the Unidentified Infrared Bands of Astronomy. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3204-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Lerch
- Swiss Light Source, Paul‐Scherrer‐Institute, 5332 Villigen (Switzerland)
| | - Martin Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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12
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Hobi F, Berger R, Stohner J. Investigation of parity violation in nuclear spin-rotation interaction of fluorooxirane. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.816444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hobi
- Zürich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry ICBC , Campus Reidbach, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland
| | - Robert Berger
- TU Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf Institute , Petersenstrasse 22, Darmstadt, DE-64287, Germany
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Zürich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry ICBC , Campus Reidbach, Wädenswil, CH-8820, Switzerland
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13
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Galli I, Bartalini S, Cancio Pastor P, Cappelli F, Giusfredi G, Mazzotti D, Akikusa N, Yamanishi M, De Natale P. Absolute frequency measurements of CO2 transitions at 4.3 μm with a comb-referenced quantum cascade laser. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.782436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Galli
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) – CNR and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), , Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Saverio Bartalini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) – CNR and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), , Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Pablo Cancio Pastor
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) – CNR and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), , Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) – CNR and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), , Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giusfredi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) – CNR and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), , Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Davide Mazzotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) – CNR and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), , Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Naota Akikusa
- Development Bureau Laser Device R&D Group, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, , Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Paolo De Natale
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) – CNR and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), , Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Nikitin AV, Boudon V, Wenger C, Albert S, Brown LR, Bauerecker S, Quack M. High resolution spectroscopy and the first global analysis of the Tetradecad region of methane 12CH4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:10071-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50799h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Albert S, Lerch P, Prentner R, Quack M. Tunneling and Tunneling Switching Dynamics in Phenol and Its Isotopomers from High-Resolution FTIR Spectroscopy with Synchrotron Radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Albert S, Lerch P, Prentner R, Quack M. Tunneling and tunneling switching dynamics in phenol and its isotopomers from high-resolution FTIR spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:346-9. [PMID: 23225305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tunneling and chemical reactions by tunneling switching are reported for phenol and ortho-deuterophenol on the basis of high-resolution FTIR spectroscopy. Tunneling splittings are measured for the torsional motion in the ground and several vibrationally excited states of phenol. Tunneling times range from 10 ns to 1 ps, depending on excitation. For more-highly excited torsional levels in ortho-deuterophenol, delocalization and chemical reaction by tunneling switching is found.
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Abstract
We review the frontiers of spectroscopy from a historical perspective, starting with the development of atomic spectroscopy about 150 years ago, followed by some comments on selected previous Faraday Discussions. As the spectrum of frontiers at the Faraday Discussion 150 is very broad, we give only a brief survey providing a map of the various frontiers approached today. This is followed by an exemplary discussion of one particular frontier towards the spectroscopic detection of symmetry violations in fundamental physics. In particular the understanding of parity violation in chiral molecules has recently made great progress. We briefly describe the advances made in recent decades as well as the current status of theory and experiments in this exciting field of research. We conclude with an outlook on open questions and frontiers of the future in spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Albert S, Albert KK, Lerch P, Quack M. Synchrotron-based highest resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of naphthalene (C10H8) and indole (C8H7N) and its application to astrophysical problems. Faraday Discuss 2011; 150:71-99; discussion 113-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fd00013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marquardt R, Sanrey M, Gatti F, Le Quéré F. Full-dimensional quantum dynamics of vibrationally highly excited NHD2. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:174302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3496374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ulenikov O, Bekhtereva E, Albert S, Bauerecker S, Hollenstein H, Quack M. High resolution infrared spectroscopy and global vibrational analysis for the CH3D and CHD3isotopomers of methane. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.483131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu J, Schüpbach B, Bashir A, Shekhah O, Nefedov A, Kind M, Terfort A, Wöll C. Structural characterization of self-assembled monolayers of pyridine-terminated thiolates on gold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:4459-72. [PMID: 20407720 DOI: 10.1039/b924246p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) fabricated on Au(111) substrates from a homologous series of pyridine-terminated organothiols have been investigated using ultra high vacuum infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (UHV-IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. A total of 4 different pyridine-based organothiols have been investigated, consisting of a pyridine unit, one or two phenyl units, a spacer of between one and three methylene units and, finally, a thiol unit. For all pyridine-terminated thiols the immersion of Au-substrates in the corresponding ethanolic solutions was found to result in the formation of highly ordered and densely packed SAMs. For an even number of the methylene spacers between the SH group and the aromatic moieties, the SAM unit-cell is rather large, (5sq.rt(3) x 3)rect, whereas in case of an odd number of methylene units a smaller unit cell is adopted, (2sq.rt(3) x sq.rt(3))R30 degrees. The tilt angle of the molecules amounts to 15 degrees . In contrast to expectation, the pyridine-terminated organic surfaces exposed by the corresponding SAMs showed a surprisingly strong resistance with regard to protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Liu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Ulenikov ON, Bekhtereva ES, Albert S, Bauerecker S, Hollenstein H, Quack M. High-Resolution Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Vibrational Dynamics of Dideuteromethane (CH2D2). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2218-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809839t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. N. Ulenikov
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Physics Department, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, and Technische Universität Braunschweig, D - 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E. S. Bekhtereva
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Physics Department, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, and Technische Universität Braunschweig, D - 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Albert
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Physics Department, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, and Technische Universität Braunschweig, D - 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Bauerecker
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Physics Department, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, and Technische Universität Braunschweig, D - 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H. Hollenstein
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Physics Department, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, and Technische Universität Braunschweig, D - 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Quack
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Physics Department, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, and Technische Universität Braunschweig, D - 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Albert S, Bauerecker S, Boudon V, Brown L, Champion JP, Loëte M, Nikitin A, Quack M. Global analysis of the high resolution infrared spectrum of methane 12CH4 in the region from 0 to 4800cm−1. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vaida V. Spectroscopy of Photoreactive Systems: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:5-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806365r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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Quack M, Stohner J, Willeke M. High-Resolution Spectroscopic Studies and Theory of Parity Violation in Chiral Molecules. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2008; 59:741-69. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review the high-resolution spectroscopic approach toward the study of intramolecular dynamics, emphasizing molecular parity violation. Theoretical work in the past decade has shown that parity-violating potentials in chiral molecules are much larger (typically one to two orders of magnitude) than anticipated on the basis of older theories. This makes experimental approaches toward small molecular parity-violating effects promising. The concepts and results of intramolecular dynamics derived from spectroscopy are analyzed as a sequence of symmetry breakings. We summarize the concepts of symmetry breakings (de facto and de lege) in view of parity violation in chiral molecules. The experimental schemes and the current status of spectroscopic experiments on molecular parity violation are established. We discuss the promises of detecting and accurately measuring parity-violating energy differences Δpv E on the order of 10−11 J mol−1 (approximately 100 aeV) in enantiomers of chiral molecules with regard to their contribution to fundamental physics in the framework of the standard model of particle physics and more speculative future fundamental symmetry tests such as for the combined charge conjugation, parity, and time-reversal (CPT) symmetry violation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quack
- ETH Zürich Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Stohner
- Permanent address: Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Martin Willeke
- Permanent address: Departement für Materialwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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