1
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Takahashi S, Matsumoto T, Hollamby MJ, Miyasaka H, Vacha M, Sotome H, Yagai S. Impact of Ring-Closing on the Photophysical Properties of One-Dimensional π-Conjugated Molecular Aggregate. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2089-2101. [PMID: 38163763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembled state of molecules plays a pivotal role in determining how inherent molecular properties transform and give rise to supramolecular functionalities and has long attracted attention. However, understanding the influence of morphologies spanning the nano- to mesoscopic scales of supramolecular assemblies derived from identical intermolecular interactions has been notoriously challenging due to dynamic structural change and monomer exchange of assemblies in solution. In this study, we demonstrate that curved one-dimensional molecular assemblies (supramolecular polymers) of lengths of around 70-200 nm, originating from the same luminescent molecule, exhibit distinct photoluminescent properties when they form closed circular structures (toroids) versus when they possess chain termini in solution (random coils). By exploiting the difference in kinetic stability between the toroids and random coils, we developed a dialysis protocol to selectively purify the former. It was revealed that these terminus-free closed structures manifest higher energy and more efficient luminescence compared with their mixed state with random coils. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements unveiled that random coils, due to their dynamic structural fluctuation in solution, generate local defects throughout the main chain, leading to luminescence from lower energy levels. In mixtures of the two assemblies, luminescence was exclusively observed from such a lower energy level of random coils, a result attributed to energy transfer between the assemblies. This work emphasizes that for identical supramolecular assemblies, only averaged properties have traditionally been considered, but their structures at the nano- to mesoscopic scale are important especially if they have a certain degree of shape persistency even in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takahashi
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Martin J Hollamby
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST55BG, U.K
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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2
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Peterhans L, Nicolaidou E, Diamantis P, Alloa E, Leclerc M, Surin M, Clément S, Rothlisberger U, Banerji N, Hayes SC. Structural and Photophysical Templating of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes with Single-Stranded DNA. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:7347-7362. [PMID: 33122875 PMCID: PMC7587141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach to influence and control the photophysical properties of conjugated polymers is directing their molecular conformation by templating. We explore here the templating effect of single-stranded DNA oligomers (ssDNAs) on cationic polythiophenes with the goal to uncover the intermolecular interactions that direct the polymer backbone conformation. We have comprehensively characterized the optical behavior and structure of the polythiophenes in conformationally distinct complexes depending on the sequence of nucleic bases and addressed the effect on the ultrafast excited-state relaxation. This, in combination with molecular dynamics simulations, allowed us a detailed atomistic-level understanding of the structure-property correlations. We find that electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions direct the assembly with the polymer, and we identify that optimal templating is achieved with (ideally 10-20) consecutive cytosine bases through numerous π-stacking interactions with the thiophene rings and side groups of the polymer, leading to a rigid assembly with ssDNA, with highly ordered chains and unique optical signatures. Our insights are an important step forward in an effective approach to structural templating and optoelectronic control of conjugated polymers and organic materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Peterhans
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Nicolaidou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Polydefkis Diamantis
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Alloa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, G1K 7P4 Quebec
City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation in Materials
and Polymers, University of Mons −
UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, ICGM, UMR 5253 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, Cedex
05, France
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophia C. Hayes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
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3
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Lidster BJ, Hirata S, Matsuda S, Yamamoto T, Komanduri V, Kumar DR, Tezuka Y, Vacha M, Turner ML. Macrocyclic poly( p-phenylenevinylene)s by ring expansion metathesis polymerisation and their characterisation by single-molecule spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2934-2941. [PMID: 29732077 PMCID: PMC5915795 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03945j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring expansion metathesis polymerisation (REMP) has proven to be a viable approach to prepare high purity macrocyclic phenylenevinylene polymers.
Ring expansion metathesis polymerisation (REMP) has proven to be a viable approach to prepare high purity cyclic polymers. Macrocyclic polymers with a fully conjugated defect free backbone are of particular interest as these polymers have no end groups that can act as charge traps. In this work soluble macrocyclic poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s (cPPVs) have been prepared directly via the REMP of substituted paracyclophanedienes. Single-molecule spectroscopy of the two topological forms of PPV i.e., linear (lPPV) and cyclic (cPPV) revealed that lPPV exists in an extended conformation whereas the cPPV adopts a restricted ring-like conformation. Despite such large differences in the chain conformation, the spectral properties of the two compounds are unexpectedly very similar, and are dominated by torsional deformations in relatively short conjugated segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin John Lidster
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Shoki Matsuda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Venukrishnan Komanduri
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Dharam Raj Kumar
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan .
| | - Michael L Turner
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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4
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Hu Z, Shao B, Geberth GT, Vanden Bout DA. Effects of molecular architecture on morphology and photophysics in conjugated polymers: from single molecules to bulk. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1101-1111. [PMID: 29675155 PMCID: PMC5887865 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A definitive comprehension of morphology and photophysics in conjugated polymers at multiple length scales demands both single molecule spectroscopy and well-controlled molecular architectures.
Conjugated polymers (CPs) possess a wide range of desirable properties, including accessible energetic bandgaps, synthetic versatility, and mechanical flexibility, which make them attractive for flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices. An accurate and comprehensive understanding about the morphology–photophysics relations in CPs lays the groundwork for their development in these applications. However, due to the complex roles of chemical structure, side-chains, backbone, and intramolecular interactions, CPs can exhibit heterogeneity in both their morphology and optoelectronic properties even at the single chain level. This molecular level heterogeneity together with complicated intermolecular interactions found in bulk CP materials severely obscures the deterministic information about the morphology and photophysics at different hierarchy levels. To counter this complexity and offer a clearer picture for the properties of CP materials, we highlight the approach of probing material systems with specific structural features via single molecule/aggregate spectroscopy (SMS). This review article covers recent advances achieved through such an approach regarding the important morphological and photophysical properties of CPs. After a brief review of the typical characteristics of CPs, we present detailed discussions of structurally well-defined model systems of CPs, from manipulated backbones and side-chains, up to nano-aggregates, studied with SMS to offer deterministic relations between morphology and photophysics from single chains building up to bulk states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Hu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , USA .
| | - Beiyue Shao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , USA .
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5
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Bai Y, Olivier JH, Yoo H, Polizzi NF, Park J, Rawson J, Therien MJ. Molecular Road Map to Tuning Ground State Absorption and Excited State Dynamics of Long-Wavelength Absorbers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16946-16958. [PMID: 29043788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Realizing chromophores that simultaneously possess substantial near-infrared (NIR) absorptivity and long-lived, high-yield triplet excited states is vital for many optoelectronic applications, such as optical power limiting and triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC). However, the energy gap law ensures such chromophores are rare, and molecular engineering of absorbers having such properties has proven challenging. Here, we present a versatile methodology to tackle this design issue by exploiting the ethyne-bridged (polypyridyl)metal(II) (M; M = Ru, Os)-(porphinato)metal(II) (PM'; M' = Zn, Pt, Pd) molecular architecture (M-(PM')n-M), wherein high-oscillator-strength NIR absorptivity up to 850 nm, near-unity intersystem crossing (ISC) quantum yields (ΦISC), and triplet excited-state (T1) lifetimes on the microseconds time scale are simultaneously realized. By varying the extent to which the atomic coefficients of heavy metal d orbitals contribute to the one-electron excitation configurations describing the initially prepared singlet and triplet excited-state wave functions, we (i) show that the relative magnitudes of fluorescence (k0F), S1 → S0 nonradiative decay (knr), S1 → T1 ISC (kISC), and T1 → S0 relaxation (kT1→S0) rate constants can be finely tuned in M-(PM')n-M compounds and (ii) demonstrate designs in which the kISC magnitude dominates singlet manifold relaxation dynamics but does not give rise to T1 → S0 conversion dynamics that short-circuit a microseconds time scale triplet lifetime. Notably, the NIR spectral domain absorptivities of M-(PM')n-M chromophores far exceed those of classic coordination complexes and organic materials possessing similarly high yields of triplet-state formation: in contrast to these benchmark materials, this work demonstrates that these M-(PM')n-M systems realize near unit ΦISC at extraordinarily modest S1-T1 energy gaps (∼0.25 eV). This study underscores the photophysical diversity of the M-(PM')n-M platform and presents a new library of long-wavelength absorbers that efficiently populate long-lived T1 states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Jean-Hubert Olivier
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Hyejin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Nicholas F Polizzi
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Jaehong Park
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jeff Rawson
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Michael J Therien
- Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, Duke University , 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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6
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Ham S, Lee SH, Chung H, Kim D. Structure-property relationships in two-dimensionally extended benzoporphyrin molecules probed using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7521-6. [PMID: 26903155 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07527k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of a series of highly π-conjugated benzoporphyrin molecules (s) with different shapes were investigated in the condensed phase using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence properties of single s were found to be affected by the number of porphyrin units and their molecular shapes. Notably, the single-molecule fluorescence dynamics of the s revealed an increase in the fluorescence lifetimes and blue shifts of the fluorescence spectra indicative of decreasing π-conjugation pathways in the molecules. The distributions of the spectroscopic parameters and the photostability for the molecules also suggest conformational complexities and heterogeneities. Specifically, as the number of constituent porphyrin units increased, the one-step photobleaching behavior ratio and photostability decreased, and the spectroscopic parameter distributions broadened. The structural properties of the s were also directly determined using defocused wide-field imaging and linear dichroism analyses. In particular, molecules with the same number of constituent porphyrins but different molecular shapes exhibited distinct photophysical properties. In summary, these observations provide guidance for the design of molecular systems that can enhance the performance of molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Ham
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang Hyeon Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Heejae Chung
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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7
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Yang J, Ham S, Kim TW, Park KH, Nakao K, Shimizu H, Iyoda M, Kim D. Inhomogeneity in the excited-state torsional disorder of a conjugated macrocycle. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4116-26. [PMID: 25700008 DOI: 10.1021/jp5123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of conjugated polymers has generally been explained based on the interactions between the component conjugated chromophores in a tangled chain. However, conjugated chromophores are entities with static and dynamic structural disorder, which directly affects the conjugated polymer photophysics. Here we demonstrate the impact of chain structure torsional disorder on the spectral characteristics for a macrocyclic oligothiophene 1, which is obscured in conventional linear conjugated chromophores by diverse structural disorders such as those in chromophore size and shape. We used simultaneous multiple fluorescence parameter measurement for a single molecule and quantum-mechanical calculations to show that within the fixed conjugation length across the entire ring an inhomogeneity from torsional disorder in the structure of 1 plays a crucial role in causing its energetic disorder, which affords the spectral broadening of ∼220 meV. The torsional disorder in 1 fluctuated on the time scale of hundreds of milliseconds, typically accompanied by spectral drifts on the order of ∼10 meV. The fluctuations could generate torsional defects and change the electronic structure of 1 associated with the ring symmetry. These findings disclose the fundamental nature of conjugated chromophore that is the most elementary spectroscopic unit in conjugated polymers and suggest the importance of engineering structural disorder to optimize polymer-based device photophysics. Additionally, we combined defocused wide-field fluorescence microscopy and linear dichroism obtained from the simultaneous measurements to show that 1 emits polarized light with a changing polarization direction based on the torsional disorder fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Yang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Korea
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8
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Hu Z, Adachi T, Lee YG, Haws RT, Hanson B, Ono RJ, Bielawski CW, Ganesan V, Rossky PJ, Vanden Bout DA. Effect of the side-chain-distribution density on the single-conjugated-polymer-chain conformation. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:4143-8. [PMID: 24243782 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of the side chains of conjugated polymer backbones has critical effects on the morphology and electronic and photophysical properties of the corresponding bulk films. The effect of the side-chain-distribution density on the conformation at the isolated single-polymer-chain level was investigated with regiorandom (rra-) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3-hexyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene) (P3HTV). Although pure P3HTV films are known to have low fluorescence quantum efficiencies, we observed a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity by dispersing P3HTV in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which enabled a single-molecule spectroscopy investigation. With single-molecule fluorescence excitation polarization spectroscopy, we found that rra-P3HTV single molecules form highly ordered conformations. In contrast, rra-P3HT single molecules, display a wide variety of different conformations from isotropic to highly ordered, were observed. The experimental results are supported by extensive molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that the reduced side-chain-distribution density, that is, the spaced-out side-chain substitution pattern, in rra-P3HTV favors more ordered conformations compared to rra-P3HT. Our results demonstrate that the distribution of side chains strongly affects the polymer-chain conformation, even at the single-molecule level, an aspect that has important implications when interpreting the macroscopic interchain packing structure exhibited by bulk polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin TX, 78712 (USA)
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9
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Thomsson D, Camacho R, Tian Y, Yadav D, Sforazzini G, Anderson HL, Scheblykin IG. Cyclodextrin insulation prevents static quenching of conjugated polymer fluorescence at the single molecule level. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2619-2627. [PMID: 23463732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201203272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are promising materials for fluorescence imaging application. However, a significant problem in this field is the unexplained abnormally low fluorescence brightness (or number of fluorescence photons detected per one excitation photon) exhibited by most of CP single chains in solid polymer hosts. Here it is shown that this detrimental effect can be fully avoided for short chains of polyfluorene-bis-vinylphenylene (PFBV) embedded in a host polymer matrix of PMMA, if the conjugated backbone is insulated by cyclodextrin rings to form a polyrotaxane (PFBV-Rtx). Fluorescence kinetics and quantum yields are measured for the polymers in liquid solutions, pristine films, and solid PMMA blends. The fluorescence brightness of PFBV-Rtx single chains dispersed in a solid PMMA is very close to that expected for a chain with 100% fluorescence quantum yield, while the unprotected PFBV chains of the same length possess 4 times lower brightness. Despite this, the fluorescence decay kinetics are the same for both polymers, suggesting the presence of static or ultrafast fluorescence quenching in the unprotected polymer. About 80% of an unprotected PFBV chain is estimated to be completely quenched. The hypothesis is that the cyclodextrin rings prevent the quenching by working as 'bumpers' reducing the mechanical forces applied by the host polymer to the conjugated backbone and help retaining its conformational freedom. While providing a recipe for making CP fluorescence bright at the single-molecule level, these results identify a lack of fundamental understanding in the community of the influence of the environment on excited states in conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomsson
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Camacho R, Thomsson D, Sforazzini G, Anderson HL, Scheblykin IG. Inhomogeneous Quenching as a Limit of the Correlation Between Fluorescence Polarization and Conformation of Single Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1053-1058. [PMID: 26291377 DOI: 10.1021/jz400142x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) largely depend on the interactions between the CP and its environment. We present a study of two polymers with identical conjugated backbones, bare and insulated, that showed different fluorescence excitation modulation depth histograms. However, the polarization differences are not related to differences in conformation, as commonly believed, but to the existence of "dark" chromophores in the bare polymer that are statically quenched. This results in inhomogeneous quenching of the polymer chain that breaks the correlation between excitation fluorescence polarization and conjugated polymer chain conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Camacho
- †Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Thomsson
- †Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Sforazzini
- ‡Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- ‡Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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11
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Ma YZ, Shaw RW, Yu X, O’Neill HM, Hong K. Excited-State Dynamics of Water-Soluble Polythiophene Derivatives: Temperature and Side-Chain Length Effects. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14451-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhong Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Robert W. Shaw
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiang Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hugh M. O’Neill
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Biology & Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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12
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Kobayashi H, Tsuchiya K, Ogino K, Vacha M. Spectral multitude and spectral dynamics reflect changing conjugation length in single molecules of oligophenylenevinylenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10114-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Ghiggino KP, Bell TDM, Hooley EN. Synthetic polymers for solar harvesting. Faraday Discuss 2012; 155:79-88; discussion 103-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00100k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Habuchi S, Fujita H, Michinobu T, Vacha M. Twist Angle Plays an Important Role in Photophysical Properties of a Donor–Acceptor-Type Conjugated Polymer: A Combined Ensemble and Single-Molecule Study. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:14404-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209405k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Habuchi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Global Edge Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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15
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Habuchi S, Onda S, Vacha M. Molecular weight dependence of emission intensity and emitting sites distribution within single conjugated polymer molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1743-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Barford W, Lidzey DG, Makhov DV, Meijer AJH. Exciton localization in disordered poly(3-hexylthiophene). J Chem Phys 2010; 133:044504. [PMID: 20687660 DOI: 10.1063/1.3459099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet exciton localization in conformationally disordered poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is investigated via configuration interaction (singles) calculations of the Pariser-Parr-Pople model. The P3HT structures are generated by molecular dynamics simulations. The lowest-lying excitons are spatially localized, space filling, and nonoverlapping. These define spectroscopic segments or chromophores. The strong conformational disorder in P3HT causes breaks in the pi-conjugation. Depending on the relative values of the disorder-induced localization length and the distances between the pi-conjugation breaks, these breaks sometimes serve to pin the low-lying localized excitons. The exciton confinement also causes a local spectrum of low-lying exciton states. Coulomb-induced intra- or interchain interactions between spectroscopic segments in close spatial proximity can delocalize an exciton across these segments, in principle causing phase coherent transition dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Barford
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
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Hu Z, Zou J, Deibel C, Gesquiere AJ, Zhai L. Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and AFM Morphology Studies of a Diblock Copolymer Consisting of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Fullerene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Becker K, Gaefke G, Rolffs J, Höger S, Lupton JM. Quantitative mass determination of conjugated polymers for single molecule conformation analysis: enhancing rigidity with macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4686-8. [PMID: 20526491 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of advanced synthetic and single molecule spectroscopic techniques allowed us to demonstrate that macrocycles, covalently bound to a conjugated polymer backbone, raise the effective chain persistence length by at least a factor of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Becker
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
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Sugimoto T, Habuchi S, Ogino K, Vacha M. Conformation-Related Exciton Localization and Charge-Pair Formation in Polythiophenes: Ensemble and Single-Molecule Study. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:12220-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Sugimoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Mirzov O, Bloem R, Hania PR, Thomsson D, Lin H, Scheblykin IG. Polarization portraits of single multichromophoric systems: visualizing conformation and energy transfer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:1877-1888. [PMID: 19384881 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique, two-dimensional (2D) polarization single-molecule imaging, is presented. It is based on measurements and analysis of fluorescence intensity as a function of excitation and emission polarization angles. The technique allows recording of full information on the steady-state polarization properties of fluorescent objects. It is particularly suitable for application to single multichromophoric systems (molecules or nanoparticles) with energy transfer (ET) between different chromophores (e.g., single fluorescent pi-conjugated polymer chains). The 2D polarization data simultaneously provide information on the conformation of the system and the efficiency of its internal excitation ET. The technique is used to characterize single chains and different kinds of chain aggregates of different conjugated polymers at different temperatures. The 2D polarization measurements reveal a dramatic difference in ET taking place in these systems. Clear temperature dependence of ET is observed for individual aggregates as well as for their statistical ensembles. Also, a dependence on solvent and aggregate size is shown. Additionally, extensive "traditional one-dimensional" polarization results on the polarization anisotropy of fluorescence excitation and emission are presented. These results and findings are discussed in relation to internal organization of the nano-objects under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Mirzov
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Maçanita AL, Galbrecht F, Bünnagel T, Scherf U. Alternating Binaphthyl−Thiophene Copolymers: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Photophysics and Their Relevance to the Question of Energy Migration versus Conformational Relaxation. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H. D. Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A. L. Maçanita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F. Galbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Bünnagel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - U. Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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Habuchi S, Onda S, Vacha M. Mapping the emitting sites within a single conjugated polymer molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4868-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b907882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Ebihara Y, Vacha M. Relating Conformation and Photophysics in Single MEH-PPV Chains. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12575-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806963u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ebihara
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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