1
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Huang W, Yu F, Zhu Y, Wang R, Li J, Zhang SX, Wang Z. "Z"-Type Tilted Quasi-One-Dimensional Assembly of Actinide-Embedded Coinage Metal Near-Plane Superatoms and Their Optical Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206899. [PMID: 36698290 PMCID: PMC10037954 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel discovery that the coinage-metal near-plane superatoms (CM-NPSs) formed by embedding actinide elements into the coinage metal rings can realize the "Z"-type tilted quasi-one-dimensional (1D) direct assembly is reported. This success can be attributed to the strong bonding between the overlapping parts of adjacent superatomic motifs. First-principles calculations reveal that the motifs maintain their geometric and electronic structures robustly during the assembly process. With the accumulation of motifs, the intensity of the absorption peak increases continuously in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra range of 300-450 nm, resulting in the hyperchromic effect, which is closely related to the degree of the participation of Th atoms. Furthermore, the absorption spectra show a continuously tunable feature in the 450-900 nm range, as the interlayer stacking pattern leads to a pronounced redshift. More importantly, the valence 5f-shells of Th atoms have an increased contribution to the final orbitals of electronic transition, which demonstrates the advantages of the active high angular momentum electrons of actinide elements in spectral properties. These findings provide a valuable reference for the direct artificial assembly of near-plane superatoms and optical properties of superatomic assemblies embedded with rare elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Famin Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Sean Xiao‐An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supermolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
- International Center for Computational Method & SoftwareCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
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2
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Liu Z, Gao Y, Yu F, Liu Z, Li J, Zhang RQ, Xue Y, Wang Z. Self-isomerization of nearly planar superatoms formed by actinide embedded gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1612-1615. [PMID: 36597985 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
First-principles calculations show a self-isomerization process of the nearly planar superatom, in which the maximum energy difference between different extreme points is below 0.1 eV and a crossing between singlet and triplet states is also involved. Further UV-Vis spectra reveal a correlation between the spectra and structures caused by self-isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- Center Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Canada
| | - Famin Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Rui-Qin Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yan Xue
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. .,College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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3
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Pyykkö P, Taubert S. Saturnenes
Like Th@Au
6
D
6h
: Ring‐Current Evidence for Au−Au Bonding Along the Gold Ring. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Pyykkö
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O.B. 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O.B. 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
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4
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Abstract
Superatomic molecular orbitals (SAMOs) have symmetries (angular quantum numbers) similar to those of atoms, and thus, it is possible to realize Rydberg state excitations (RSEs) in superatomic molecules. In this Letter, the feasibility of superatomic Rydberg state excitation (SRSE) is explored using gold superatoms based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the SRSE exists in the high and low excited states of the gold superatoms and their SAMOs make a major contribution to electronic transitions. The radial distribution function of electronic density shows that the main distribution of electrons in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and other unoccupied superatomic molecular orbitals is extremely far from the geometric center, and thus, they can be unambiguously identified as Rydberg orbitals. We found that due to the two-dimensional ductility of the planar SAMOs, superatoms are superior in the RSE regulation. Our findings may provide a new source of superatom-based RSE and will contribute to the regulation and efficient preparation of Rydberg states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Famin Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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5
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Jin B, Sun R, Huo B, Yuan C, Wu YB. M©B 7O 7+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt): aromatic molecular stars with a planar heptacoordinate transition metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13716-13719. [PMID: 34870644 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamically stable global minima M©B7O7+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) are interesting in that they possess σ-aromaticity alone within the B7M core moiety, which can be attributed to the strong peripheral localized O → B π back-bonding that leads to the less favourable delocalized M → B π back-bonding over the B7M core moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Mai NT, Lan NT, Cuong NT, Tam NM, Ngo ST, Phung TT, Dang NV, Tung NT. Systematic Investigation of the Structure, Stability, and Spin Magnetic Moment of CrM n Clusters (M = Cu, Ag, Au, and n = 2-20) by DFT Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20341-20350. [PMID: 34395982 PMCID: PMC8358970 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Binary clusters of transition-metal and noble-metal elements have been gathering momentum for not only advanced fundamental understanding but also potential as elementary blocks of novel nanostructured materials. In this regard, the geometries, electronic structures, stability, and magnetic properties of Cr-doped Cu n , Ag n , and Au n clusters (n = 2-20) have been systematically studied by means of density functional theory calculations. It is found that the structural evolutions of CrCu n and CrAg n clusters are identical. The icosahedral CrCu12 and CrAg12 are crucial sizes for doped copper and silver species. Small CrAu n clusters prefer the planar geometries, while the larger ones appear as on the way to establish the tetrahedral CrAu19. Our results show that while each noble atom contributes one s valence electron to the cluster shell, the number of chromium delocalized electrons is strongly size-dependent. The localization and delocalization behavior of 3d orbitals of the chromium decide how they participate in metallic bonding, stabilize the cluster, and give rise to and eventually quench the spin magnetic moment. Moreover, molecular orbital analysis in combination with a qualitative interpretation using the phenomenological shell model is applied to reveal the complex interplay between geometric structure, electronic structure, and magnetic moment of clusters. The finding results are expected to provide greater insight into how a host material electronic structure influences the geometry, stability, and formation of spin magnetic moments in doped systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Mai
- Institute
of Materials Science and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thi Lan
- Institute
of Materials Science and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
- Department
of Physics and Technology, Thai Nguyen University
of Science, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Tuan Cuong
- Center
for Computational Science, Hanoi National
University of Education, Hanoi 11310, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational
Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang
University, Ho Chi
Minh City 72915, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72915, Vietnam
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72915, Vietnam
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi
Minh City 72915, Vietnam
| | - Thu Thi Phung
- University
of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Dang
- Department
of Physics and Technology, Thai Nguyen University
of Science, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tung
- Institute
of Materials Science and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 11307, Vietnam
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7
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Kulichenko M, Chen WJ, Zhang YY, Xu CQ, Li J, Wang LS. Double σ-Aromaticity in a Planar Zinc-Doped Gold Cluster: Au 9Zn . J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4606-4613. [PMID: 34014680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The strong relativistic effects result in many interesting chemical and physical properties for gold and gold compounds. One of the most surprising findings has been that small gold clusters prefer planar structures. Dopants can be used to tune the electronic and structural properties of gold nanoclusters. Here we report an experimental and theoretical investigation of a Zn-doped gold cluster, Au9Zn-. Photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that Au9Zn- is a highly stable electronic system with an electron binding energy of 4.27 eV. Quantum chemical studies show that the global minimum of Au9Zn- has a D3h structure with a closed-shell electron configuration (1A1'), which can be viewed as replacing the central Au atom by Zn in the open-shell parent Au10- cluster. The high electronic stability of Au9Zn- is corroborated by its extremely large HOMO-LUMO gap of 3.3 eV. Chemical bonding analyses revealed that the D3h Au9Zn- are bonded by two sets of delocalized σ bonds, giving rise to double σ aromaticity and its remarkable stability. Two planar low-lying isomers are also observed, corresponding to a similar triangular structure with the Zn atom on the edge and another one with one of the corner Au atoms moved to the edge of the triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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8
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9
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Duong LV, Mai DTT, Pham-Ho MP, Nguyen MT. A theoretical approach to the role of different types of electrons in planar elongated boron clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13030-13039. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00737g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the stability of planar elongated pure boron clusters is determined by their […σ2(n+1) π12(n+1) π22n] electronic configuration, the rectangle model can rationalize the π electronic configuration of rectangle-shaped structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Van Duong
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Nanomaterials
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST)
- Quang Trung Software City
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | | | - My Phuong Pham-Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Nanomaterials
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST)
- Quang Trung Software City
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Nanomaterials
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST)
- Quang Trung Software City
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
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10
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Li CG, Shen ZG, Zhang J, Gao JH, Li JJ, Sun T, Zhang RJ, Ren BZ, Hu YF. A comparative study of Cu nX (X = Sc, Y; n = 1–10) clusters based on the structures, and electronic and aromatic properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The MO diagrams and orbital contributions of the HOMO and LUMO for the Cu7Sc and Cu7Y clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Quantum Materials Research Center
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou 450044
- China
| | - Zi-Gang Shen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Quantum Materials Research Center
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou 450044
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Quantum Materials Research Center
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou 450044
- China
| | - Jin-Hai Gao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Quantum Materials Research Center
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou 450044
- China
| | - Jing-Jie Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Quantum Materials Research Center
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou 450044
- China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Quantum Materials Research Center
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou 450044
- China
| | - Ru-Jie Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Quantum Materials Research Center
- Zhengzhou Normal University
- Zhengzhou 450044
- China
| | - Bao-Zeng Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yan-Fei Hu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
- Zigong 643000
- China
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research
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11
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Pham HT, Nguyen MT. Aromaticity of Some Metal Clusters: A Different View from Magnetic Ring Current. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1378-1391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Computational
Chemistry Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational
Chemistry Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Wang J, Xie W, Wang J, Gao Y, Lei J, Zhang RQ, Wang Z. Actinide embedded nearly planar gold superatoms: structural properties and applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27523-27527. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actinide embedded in a gold ring and applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Weiyu Xie
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
| | - Jiehong Lei
- Physics and Space Science College, China West Normal University
- Nanchong 637009
- China
| | - Rui-Qin Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- P. R. China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
- Beijing 100193
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
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13
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Jin B, Jin Q, Jin FK. Theoretical predictions on the structure and d-AO-based aromaticity of Re3F32+/0/4−, Re3F3X+ (X = Li, Na, K), and Re3F3Y2+ (Y = Be, Mg, Ca) clusters. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476617070034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Popov IA, Starikova AA, Steglenko DV, Boldyrev AI. Usefulness of the σ‐Aromaticity and σ‐Antiaromaticity Concepts for Clusters and Solid‐State Compounds. Chemistry 2017; 24:292-305. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Old Main Hill 300 Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Steglenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Old Main Hill 300 Logan Utah 84322 USA
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
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15
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Exploration of the Structural, Electronic and Tunable Magnetic Properties of Cu₄M (M = Sc-Ni) Clusters. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080946. [PMID: 28809794 PMCID: PMC5578312 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Cu4M (M = Sc-Ni) clusters have been studied by using density functional theory, together with an unbiased CALYPSO structure searching method. Geometry optimizations indicate that M atoms in the ground state Cu4M clusters favor the most highly coordinated position. The geometry of Cu4M clusters is similar to that of the Cu5 cluster. The infrared spectra, Raman spectra and photoelectron spectra are predicted and can be used to identify the ground state in the future. The relative stability and chemical activity are investigated by means of the averaged binding energy, dissociation energy and energy level gap. It is found that the dopant atoms except for Cr and Mn can enhance the stability of the host cluster. The chemical activity of all Cu4M clusters is lower than that of Cu5 cluster whose energy level gap is in agreement with available experimental finding. The magnetism calculations show that the total magnetic moment of Cu4M cluster mainly come from M atom and vary from 1 to 5 μB by substituting a Cu atom in Cu5 cluster with different transition-metal atoms.
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16
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Pham HT, Ngo LQ, Pham-Ho MP, Nguyen MT. Theoretical Study of Small Scandium-Doped Silver Clusters ScAgn with n = 1–7: σ-Aromatic Feature. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7964-7972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loc Quang Ngo
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My Phuong Pham-Ho
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Pham HT, Cuong NT, Tam NM, Tung NT. A Systematic Investigation on CrCun Clusters with n = 9-16: Noble Gas and Tunable Magnetic Property. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7335-43. [PMID: 27556591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A systematic investigation on structure, dissociation behavior, chemical bonding, and magnetic property of Cr-doped Cun clusters (n = 9-16) is carried out using the mean of density functional theory calculations. It is found that CrCu12 is a crucial size, preferring an icosahedral Cu12 cage with the central Cr dopant. Smaller cluster sizes appear as on the way to form the CrCu12 icosahedron while larger ones are produced by attaching additional Cu atoms to the CrCu12 core. The presence of Cr dopant obviously enhances the stability of CrCun clusters in comparison to that of pure counterparts. Exceptionally stable CrCu12 has an 18-electron closed-shell electronic structure, mimicking a noble gas in the viewpoint of superatom concept. Analysis on cluster electronic structure shows that the interplay between 3d orbitals of Cr and 4s orbitals of Cu has a vital role on the magnetic properties of CrCun clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Tuan Cuong
- Center for Computational Science, Hanoi National University of Education , Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational Chemistry Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tung
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi, Vietnam
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18
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Vier Jahrzehnte Chemie der planar hyperkoordinierten Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Four Decades of the Chemistry of Planar Hypercoordinate Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9468-501. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Gao Y, Chen L, Dai X, Song R, Wang B, Wang Z. A strong charge-transfer effect in surface-enhanced Raman scattering induced by valence electrons of actinide elements. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6d electrons of Ac atom involved in excited transitions induce a strong CT-SERS enhancement which can be tuned by changing the conformation of pyridine-Ac@Au7 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Xing Dai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Ruixia Song
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
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21
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Hou J, Chen Y, Duan Q, Liang Q, Jiang D, Liu W, Yan B, Li Z, Gu F, Li Q. Exploring the geometrical structures of X©BnHnm [(X, m) = (B, +1), (C, +2) for n = 5; (X, m) = (Be, 0), (B, +1) for n = 6] by an electronic method. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The (quasi-)planar wheel-type structures can be obtained by adding electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingcheng Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglong Gu
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qianshu Li
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- People's Republic of China
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22
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Hou J, Duan Q, Qin J, Shen X, Zhao J, Liang Q, Jiang D, Gao S. Planar wheel-type M©BnHn2−/−/0 clusters (M = Cr, Mn and Fe for dianion, anion and neutral, respectively; n = 6 and 7). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new “electronic” strategy that adds two electrons into the dz2 orbital of the central M atom to form a lone pair, in contrast to Hoffmann’s “electronic” strategy to turn the bowl-type MBnHn0/+ (M = Cr and Mn; n = 6 and 7) clusters into planar wheel-type clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Jieming Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Xiande Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Jianxun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Qingcheng Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Dayong Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Shang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
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23
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Hou J, Duan Q, Qin J, Shen X, Zhao J, Liang Q, Jiang D, Gao S. Unconventional charge distribution in the planar wheel-type M©B6H6−/0/+ (M = Mn, Fe and Co): central M with negative charges and peripheral boron ring with positive charges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9644-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional charge distribution exists in the planar wheel-type M©B6H6−/0/+ (M = Mn, Fe and Co).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Qian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Jieming Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Xiande Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Jianxun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Qingcheng Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Dayong Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
| | - Shang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Functional Materials
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24
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Sasmal A, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Rizzoli C, Desplanches C, Charbonnière LJ, Mitra S. Relevant and unprecedented C-H/σ supramolecular interactions involving σ-aromatic M2X2 cores. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6195-211. [PMID: 24595490 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of C-H/σ supramolecular interaction involving σ-aromatic M2X2 (M = Cu, Hg; X = Cl, Br, I, S) cores is reported for the first time. Three new polymeric coordination copper complexes, {[Cu(μ-Cl)(Cl)(μ-L)]2}n (1), {[Cu(μ-I)(μ-L)]2}n (2) and [Cu(Br)2(μ-L)(CH3CN)2]2 (3), have been synthesized with the organic ligand α,ω-bis(benzotriazoloxy)propane system (L) and halides as counterions. A very interesting C-H/σ supramolecular interaction has been observed in the solid state structure of compound 2, similar to a C-Hπ interaction, which has been confirmed by Bader's "atoms-in-molecules" AIM analysis. The Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICs) method was used to evaluate the aromatic character of the different cores in this study. The influence of the nature of the metal ions, bridging atoms, oxidation states, and coordination environments around the metal centers on the strength of the aromaticity of the M2X2 cores was theoretically analyzed and explained. The binding ability of the 1-alkoxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole ring to establish π-π and C-H/π interactions and how its coordination to Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions affects the strength of the aforementioned interactions have been discussed. The electron deficient triazole ring and its π-acidity increases upon coordination of the Cu ion, leading to the formation of a lone pair (lp)-π interaction involving the five-membered ring of the ligand, which has also been analyzed. We have also analyzed the C-H/σ interactions of previously reported X-ray crystal structures of different coordination polymers based on a binuclear copper(I) complex and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, dithioethers, and benzotriazol-1-yl-based pyridyl units as ligands using I- as a counter-ion. Complex 1 shows antiferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic coupling constant of J = -7.9 cm(-1). Moreover, photoluminescence and TGA studies of the complexes were also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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25
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Ngan VT, Pierloot K, Nguyen MT. Mn@Si14+: a singlet fullerene-like endohedrally doped silicon cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5493-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp43390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Maslowsky E. Inorganic metallocenes: The structures and aromaticity of sandwich compounds of the transition elements with inorganic rings. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Chakraborty A, Giri S, Duley S, Anoop A, Bultinck P, Chattaraj PK. Aromaticity in all-metal annular systems: the counter-ion effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:14865-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Galeev TR, Boldyrev AI. Recent advances in aromaticity and antiaromaticity in transition-metal systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pc90004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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MB 8 2− (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba): Planar octacoordinate alkaline earth metal atoms enclosed by boron rings. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-4037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Ngan VT, Nguyen MT. The Aromatic 8-Electron Cubic Silicon Clusters Be@Si8, B@Si8+, and C@Si82+. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7609-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103180y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Ngan
- Department of Chemistry, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Institute for Computational Science and Technology of HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Institute for Computational Science and Technology of HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
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31
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Tai TB, Nguyen MT. The high stability of boron-doped lithium clusters Li5B, Li6B+/− and Li7B: A case of the phenomenological shell model. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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33
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Tsipis CA. Aromaticity/Antiaromaticity in “Bare” and “Ligand-Stabilized” Rings of Metal Atoms. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05243-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Höltzl T, Nguyen MT, Veszprémi T. Mercury dications: linear form is more stable than aromatic ring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:556-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b916847h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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Höltzl T, Veldeman N, De Haeck J, Veszprémi T, Lievens P, Nguyen MT. Growth mechanism and chemical bonding in scandium-doped copper clusters: experimental and theoretical study in concert. Chemistry 2009; 15:3970-82. [PMID: 19296484 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Size matters! The electronic structure and size-dependent stability of neutral and cationic scandium-doped copper clusters have been investigated by mass spectrometric studies (for the cations) and also quantum chemical computations. The proposed reaction paths ultimately lead to the most stable Frank-Kasper-shaped Cu(16)Sc(+) cluster (shown here), which could be the germ of a new crystallization process.Electronic structure and size-dependent stability of scandium-doped copper cluster cations, Cu(n)Sc(+), were investigated by using a dual-target dual-laser vaporization production scheme followed by mass spectrometric studies and also quantum chemical computations in the density functional theory framework. The neutral species also were studied by using computational methods. Enhanced abundances and dissociation energies were measured in the case of Cu(n)Sc(+) for n=4, 6, 8, 10 and 16, the last of these identified as being extraordinary stable. Neutral clusters are stable with n=5, 7, 9 and 15, which are isoelectronic with respect to the number of the valence s electrons with the stable cationic clusters; hence a simple electron count determines cluster properties to a great extent. The Cu(17)Sc cluster was found to be a superatomic molecule, containing Cu(16)Sc(+) and Cu(-) units; however, the charge separation is not as pronounced as in the case of CuLi. Cu(15)Sc was found to be a stable cluster with a large dissociation energy and a closed electronic structure; hence this can be regarded as a superatom, analogous to the noble gases. The main factors determining the growth patterns of these clusters are the central position of the scandium atom and the successive filling of the shell orbitals. For smaller clusters, the reaction paths appear to diverge yielding various products; however all paths ultimately lead to the most stable Frank-Kasper shaped Cu(16)Sc cluster, which in turn can be the germ of the crystallization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Höltzl
- Department of Chemistry and INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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36
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Höltzl T, Veldeman N, Veszprémi T, Lievens P, Nguyen MT. Cu6Sc+ and Cu5Sc: Stable, high symmetry and aromatic scandium-doped coinage metal clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Giri S, Roy DR, Duley S, Chakraborty A, Parthasarathi R, Elango M, Vijayaraj R, Subramanian V, Islas R, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Bonding, aromaticity, and structure of trigonal dianion metal clusters. J Comput Chem 2009; 31:1815-21. [PMID: 19921693 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanab Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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38
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39
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Ito K, Pu Z, Li QS, Schleyer PVR. Cyclic Boron Clusters Enclosing Planar Hypercoordinate Cobalt, Iron, and Nickel. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:10906-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800993b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A., School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhifeng Pu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A., School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qian-Shu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A., School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Paul von Ragué Schleyer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A., School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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