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Huang D, Liu W, Zheng Y, Feng R, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Nonplanar Aromaticity of Dinuclear Rare-Earth Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15609-15618. [PMID: 38776637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
While the concept of metalla-aromaticity has well been extended to transition organometallic compounds in diverse geometries, aromatic rare-earth organometallic complexes are rare due to the special (n - 1)d0 configuration and high-lying (n - 1)d orbitals of rare-earth centers. In particular, nonplanar cases of rare-earth complexes have not been reported so far. Here, we disclose the nonplanar aromaticity of dinuclear scandium and samarium metallacycles characterized by various aromaticity indices (nucleus-independent chemical shift, isochemical shielding surface, anisotropy of induced current density, and isomerization stabilization energy). Bonding analyses (Kohn-Sham molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning, multicenter bond indices, and principal interacting orbital) reveal that three delocalized π orbitals, predominantly contributed by the 2-butene tetraanion ligand, result in the formation of six-electron conjugated systems. Guided by these findings, we predicted that the lutetium and gadolinium analogues of dinuclear rare-earth metallacycles should be aromatic, which have been verified by the successful synthesis of real molecules. This work extends the concept of nonplanar aromaticity to the field of rare-earth metallacycles and illuminates the path for designing and synthesizing various rare-earth metalla-aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Harris RM, Zhu Z, Tufekci BA, Deepika, Jena P, Peterson KA, Bowen KH. Electronic Structure and Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Uranium-Gold Clusters UAu n-, n = 3-7. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7186-7197. [PMID: 37590893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A collaborative effort between experiment and theory toward elucidating the electronic and molecular structures of uranium-gold clusters is presented. Anion photoelectron spectra of UAun-(n = 3-7) were taken at the third (355 nm) and fourth (266 nm) harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser, as well as excimer (ArF 193 nm) photon energies, where the experimental adiabatic electron affinities and vertical detachment energies values were measured. Complementary first-principles calculations were subsequently carried out to corroborate experimentally determined electron detachment energies and to determine the geometry and electronic structure for each cluster. Except for the ring-like neutral isomer of UAu6 where one unpaired electron is spread over the Au atoms, all other neutral and anionic UAun clusters (n = 3-7) were calculated to possess open-shell electrons with the unpaired electrons localized on the central U atom. The smaller clusters closely resemble the analogous UFn species, but significant deviations are seen starting with UAu5 where a competition between U-Au and Au-Au bonding begins to become apparent. The UAu6 system appears to mark a transition where Au-Au interactions begin to dominate, where both a ring-like and two heavily distorted octahedral structures around the central U atom are calculated to be nearly isoenergetic. With UAu7, only ring-like structures are calculated. Overall, the calculated electron detachment energies are in good agreement with the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Burak A Tufekci
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Deepika
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Purusottam Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Kirk A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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3
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Lan NT, Mai NT, La DD, Tam NM, Ngo ST, Cuong NT, Dang NV, Phung TT, Tung NT. DFT investigation of Au9M2+ nanoclusters (M = Sc-Ni): The magnetic superatomic behavior of Au9Cr2+. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Pyykkö P, Taubert S. Saturnenes
Like Th@Au
6
D
6h
: Ring‐Current Evidence for Au−Au Bonding Along the Gold Ring. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Pyykkö
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O.B. 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O.B. 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
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5
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Jin B, Sun R, Huo B, Yuan C, Wu YB. M©B 7O 7+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt): aromatic molecular stars with a planar heptacoordinate transition metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13716-13719. [PMID: 34870644 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamically stable global minima M©B7O7+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) are interesting in that they possess σ-aromaticity alone within the B7M core moiety, which can be attributed to the strong peripheral localized O → B π back-bonding that leads to the less favourable delocalized M → B π back-bonding over the B7M core moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Abstract
Six-valence-electron planar pentacoordinate beryllium (ppBe) is explored herein as a global minimum, which is only constructed by s-block metals in BeM5+ (M = Cu, Ag, Au). The bonding in ppBe can be regarded as the excited-stated Be with a 2px12py1 electronic configuration, forming electron sharing with doublet M5+ motifs followed by two sets of Be(p∥) → [M5+] σ donations and one Be(s) ← [M5+] σ back-donation. Thus, the σ aromaticity originating from three delocalized σ orbitals gives rise to the whole stability of the high D5h-symmetry ppBe and strongly enriches s-block planar hypercoordinate bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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7
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Barabás J, Ferrari P, Kaydashev V, Vanbuel J, Janssens E, Höltzl T. The effect of size, charge state and composition on the binding of propene to yttrium-doped gold clusters. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29186-29195. [PMID: 35492069 PMCID: PMC9040652 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03262c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity of metal clusters can be easily tuned by their size, charge state, or the introduction of dopant atoms. Here, the dopant-, charge- and size-dependent propene adsorption on gold (Au n +) and yttrium doped gold (Au n-1Y+) clusters (n = 4-20) was investigated using combined gas-phase reaction studies and density functional theory computations. The increased charge transfer between the cluster and propene in the cationic clusters considerably enhances the propene binding on both pure and yttrium-doped species, compared to their neutral cluster counterparts, while yttrium-doping lowers the propene binding strength in a size-dependent way compared to the pure gold clusters. Chemical bonding and energy decomposition analysis indicate that there is no covalent bond between the cluster and propene. The preferred propene binding site on a cluster is indicated by the large lobes of its LUMO, together with the low coordination number of the adsorption site. In small yttrium-doped gold clusters propene can not only bind to the electron-deficient yttrium atom, but also to the partially positively-charged gold atoms. Therefore, by controlling the charge of the clusters, as well as by introducing yttrium dopants, the propene binding strength can be tuned, opening the route for new catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Barabás
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Vladimir Kaydashev
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan Vanbuel
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- Furukawa Electric Institute of Technology 1158 Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1111 Budapest Hungary
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8
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Jia Y, Yu X, Zhang H, Cheng L, Luo Z. Tetrahedral Pt 10- Cluster with Unique Beta Aromaticity and Superatomic Feature in Mimicking Methane. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5115-5122. [PMID: 34029091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a customized metal cluster source in tandem with a flow tube reactor and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we have obtained well-resolved pure metal clusters Ptn- and observed their gas-phase reactions with a few small gas molecules. Interestingly, the remarkable inertness of Pt10- was repeatedly observed in different reactions. Meanwhile, we have determined the structure of Pt10- within a regular tetrahedron. Considering that Pt possesses 5d96s1 electron configuration, the tetrahedral Pt10- exhibits unexpected stability at neither a magic number of valence electrons nor a shell closure of geometric structure. Comprehensive theoretical calculations unveil the stability of Pt10- is significantly associated with the all-metal aromaticity. In addition to the classical total aromaticity, which is mainly due to 6s electrons, there is unique beta-aromaticity ascribed to spin-polarized beta 5d electrons pertaining to singly occupied multicenter bonds. Further, we demonstrate the superatomic feature of such a transition metal cluster Pt10-, as Pt6@Pt4-, in mimicking methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Kulichenko M, Chen WJ, Zhang YY, Xu CQ, Li J, Wang LS. Double σ-Aromaticity in a Planar Zinc-Doped Gold Cluster: Au 9Zn . J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4606-4613. [PMID: 34014680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The strong relativistic effects result in many interesting chemical and physical properties for gold and gold compounds. One of the most surprising findings has been that small gold clusters prefer planar structures. Dopants can be used to tune the electronic and structural properties of gold nanoclusters. Here we report an experimental and theoretical investigation of a Zn-doped gold cluster, Au9Zn-. Photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that Au9Zn- is a highly stable electronic system with an electron binding energy of 4.27 eV. Quantum chemical studies show that the global minimum of Au9Zn- has a D3h structure with a closed-shell electron configuration (1A1'), which can be viewed as replacing the central Au atom by Zn in the open-shell parent Au10- cluster. The high electronic stability of Au9Zn- is corroborated by its extremely large HOMO-LUMO gap of 3.3 eV. Chemical bonding analyses revealed that the D3h Au9Zn- are bonded by two sets of delocalized σ bonds, giving rise to double σ aromaticity and its remarkable stability. Two planar low-lying isomers are also observed, corresponding to a similar triangular structure with the Zn atom on the edge and another one with one of the corner Au atoms moved to the edge of the triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kulichenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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10
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Zhang P, Liu H, Zou W, Zhang P, Hu SX. Relativistic Effects Stabilize the Planar Wheel-like Structure of Actinide-Doped Gold Clusters: An@Au 7 (An = Th to Cm). J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8173-8183. [PMID: 32845148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the chemistry of actinide-ligand bonding is continuing and of burgeoning interest, investigations of the chemical bonding of bimetallic complexes involving transuranics remain relatively less, and there are rarely studies on the bonding features between actinide and coinage metals (CM). We present a systematic research on the series of An@Au7 (An = Th to Cm), UCM7 (CM = Cu, Ag, Au), and WAu7 clusters to investigate the unique geometries, electronic structures, and chemical bonding between An 5f6d orbitals and CM ns orbitals, and to find their periodicity across the actinides and within the group of transition metals. A unique planar wheel-like structure for An@Au7 clusters with the help of actinide metals encapsulation via spin-orbit coupling, resulting in An(III). Instead, the transition-metal (TM) element W retains its usual six-gold-coordination structure in WAu7, thus forcing the seventh Au out of plane. The An-CM interactions, depending on the ion radii, become stronger with the increase of the atomic number of the actinide metals, as well as the CM. These results show that the presence of actinides in clusters can lead to unique electronic and geometrical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Yu C, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Wei J, Ma W, Zhang W, Ye S, Xi Z. Butadienyl Diiron Complexes: Nonplanar Metalla‐Aromatics Involving σ‐Type Orbital Overlap. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wangyang Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen‐Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
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12
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Yu C, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Wei J, Ma W, Zhang WX, Ye S, Xi Z. Butadienyl Diiron Complexes: Nonplanar Metalla-Aromatics Involving σ-Type Orbital Overlap. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19048-19053. [PMID: 32686269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new class of nonplanar metalla-aromatics, diiron complexes bridged by a 1,3-butadienyl dianionic ligand, were synthesized in high yields from dilithio reagents and two equivalents of FeBr2 . The complexes consist of two antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin FeII centers, as revealed by magnetometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Furthermore, experimental (X-ray structural analysis) and theoretical analyses (NICS, ICSS, AICD, MOs) suggest that the complexes are aromatic. Remarkably, this nonplanar metalla-aromaticity is achieved by an uncommon σ-type overlap between the ligand p and metal d orbitals, in sharp contrast to the intensively studied planar aromatic systems featuring delocalized π-type bonding. Specifically, the σ-type interaction between the two Fe 3dxz orbitals and the butadienyl π orbital results in the formation of a six-electron conjugated system and hence enables the aromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wangyang Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China
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13
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Barabás J, Vanbuel J, Ferrari P, Janssens E, Höltzl T. Non-covalent Interactions and Charge Transfer between Propene and Neutral Yttrium-Doped and Pure Gold Clusters. Chemistry 2019; 25:15795-15804. [PMID: 31696987 PMCID: PMC6916555 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The dopant and size-dependent propene adsorption on neutral gold (Aun ) and yttrium-doped gold (Aun-1 Y) clusters in the n=5-15 size range are investigated, combining mass spectrometry and gas phase reactions in a low-pressure collision cell and density functional theory calculations. The adsorption energies, extracted from the experimental data using an RRKM analysis, show a similar size dependence as the quantum chemical results and are in the range of ≈0.6-1.2 eV. Yttrium doping significantly alters the propene adsorption energies for n=5, 12 and 13. Chemical bonding and energy decomposition analysis showed that there is no covalent bond between the cluster and propene, and that charge transfer and other non-covalent interactions are dominant. The natural charges, Wiberg bond indices, and the importance of charge transfer all support an electron donation/back-donation mechanism for the adsorption. Yttrium plays a significant role not only in the propene binding energy, but also in the chemical bonding in the cluster-propene adduct. Propene preferentially binds to yttrium in small clusters (n<10), and to a gold atom at larger sizes. Besides charge transfer, relaxation also plays an important role, illustrating the non-local effect of the yttrium dopant. It is shown that the frontier molecular orbitals of the clusters determine the chemical bonding, in line with the molecular-like electronic structure of metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Barabás
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Jan Vanbuel
- Quantum Solid State PhysicsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200d3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid State PhysicsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200d3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid State PhysicsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200d3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk utca 28/ABudapest1158Hungary
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4Budapest1111Hungary
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4Budapest1111Hungary
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14
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Jahn-Teller and Pseudo Jahn-Teller Effects: Influences on the Electronic Structures of Small Transition, Main Group and Mixed Metal Clusters. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Tam NM, Cuong NT, Pham HT, Tung NT. Au 19M (M=Cr, Mn, and Fe) as magnetic copies of the golden pyramid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16086. [PMID: 29167559 PMCID: PMC5700080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation on structure, stability, and magnetic properties of singly doped Au19M (M=Cr, Mn, and Fe) clusters is carried out by means of density functional theory calculations. The studied clusters prefer forming magnetic versions of the unique tetrahedral Au20. Stable sextet Au19Cr is identified as the least reactive species and can be qualified as a magnetic superatom. Analysis on cluster electronic structures shows that the competition between localized and delocalized electronic states governs the stability and magnetic properties of Au19M clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Ngo Tuan Cuong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Computational Science, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Tan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tung
- Institute of Materials Science and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Popov IA, Starikova AA, Steglenko DV, Boldyrev AI. Usefulness of the σ‐Aromaticity and σ‐Antiaromaticity Concepts for Clusters and Solid‐State Compounds. Chemistry 2017; 24:292-305. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Old Main Hill 300 Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Steglenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Old Main Hill 300 Logan Utah 84322 USA
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachka Ave. 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation
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17
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Pham HT, Ngo LQ, Pham-Ho MP, Nguyen MT. Theoretical Study of Small Scandium-Doped Silver Clusters ScAgn with n = 1–7: σ-Aromatic Feature. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7964-7972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loc Quang Ngo
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My Phuong Pham-Ho
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Sasmal A, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Rizzoli C, Desplanches C, Charbonnière LJ, Mitra S. Relevant and unprecedented C-H/σ supramolecular interactions involving σ-aromatic M2X2 cores. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6195-211. [PMID: 24595490 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of C-H/σ supramolecular interaction involving σ-aromatic M2X2 (M = Cu, Hg; X = Cl, Br, I, S) cores is reported for the first time. Three new polymeric coordination copper complexes, {[Cu(μ-Cl)(Cl)(μ-L)]2}n (1), {[Cu(μ-I)(μ-L)]2}n (2) and [Cu(Br)2(μ-L)(CH3CN)2]2 (3), have been synthesized with the organic ligand α,ω-bis(benzotriazoloxy)propane system (L) and halides as counterions. A very interesting C-H/σ supramolecular interaction has been observed in the solid state structure of compound 2, similar to a C-Hπ interaction, which has been confirmed by Bader's "atoms-in-molecules" AIM analysis. The Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICs) method was used to evaluate the aromatic character of the different cores in this study. The influence of the nature of the metal ions, bridging atoms, oxidation states, and coordination environments around the metal centers on the strength of the aromaticity of the M2X2 cores was theoretically analyzed and explained. The binding ability of the 1-alkoxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole ring to establish π-π and C-H/π interactions and how its coordination to Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions affects the strength of the aforementioned interactions have been discussed. The electron deficient triazole ring and its π-acidity increases upon coordination of the Cu ion, leading to the formation of a lone pair (lp)-π interaction involving the five-membered ring of the ligand, which has also been analyzed. We have also analyzed the C-H/σ interactions of previously reported X-ray crystal structures of different coordination polymers based on a binuclear copper(I) complex and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, dithioethers, and benzotriazol-1-yl-based pyridyl units as ligands using I- as a counter-ion. Complex 1 shows antiferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic coupling constant of J = -7.9 cm(-1). Moreover, photoluminescence and TGA studies of the complexes were also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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Ngan VT, Pierloot K, Nguyen MT. Mn@Si14+: a singlet fullerene-like endohedrally doped silicon cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5493-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp43390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Alvino JF, Bennett T, Anderson D, Donoeva B, Ovoshchnikov D, Adnan RH, Appadoo D, Golovko V, Andersson G, Metha GF. Far-infrared absorption spectra of synthetically-prepared, ligated metal clusters with Au6, Au8, Au9 and Au6Pd metal cores. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Tai TB, Nguyen MT. Enhanced Stability by Three-Dimensional Aromaticity of Endohedrally Doped Clusters X10M0/– with X = Ge, Sn, Pb and M = Cu, Ag, Au. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9993-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111324n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Ba Tai
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology of HoChiMinhCity, Thu Duc, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
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Galeev TR, Boldyrev AI. Recent advances in aromaticity and antiaromaticity in transition-metal systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pc90004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Lin L, Lievens P, Nguyen MT. Theoretical study of CO adsorption on yttrium-doped gold clusters AunY (n=1–9). Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Ngan VT, Nguyen MT. The Aromatic 8-Electron Cubic Silicon Clusters Be@Si8, B@Si8+, and C@Si82+. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7609-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103180y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Ngan
- Department of Chemistry, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Institute for Computational Science and Technology of HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Institute for Computational Science and Technology of HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
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Lin L, Claes P, Gruene P, Meijer G, Fielicke A, Nguyen M, Lievens P. Far-Infrared Spectra of Yttrium-Doped Gold Clusters AunY (n=1-9). Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1932-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heiles S, Schäfer S, Schäfer R. Mass spectrometry and beam deflection studies of tin-lead nanoalloy clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:247-53. [PMID: 20024466 DOI: 10.1039/b917206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photo-ionization mass spectrometry and electric beam deflection experiments were used to study isolated Sn(M)Pb(N) clusters (7 <or=N + M<or= 13 for tin-rich clusters, 7 <or=N + M<or= 15 for lead-rich clusters) in a molecular beam apparatus. The observed mass spectra reveal a broad abundance distribution of the bimetallic clusters in which all possible cluster compositions can be identified within the investigated size ranges. Comparison of the relative cluster intensities between pure tin or lead clusters (Sn(N+M) and Pb(N+M)) and mixed Sn(M)Pb(N) clusters indicate quite similar relative abundance distributions which can be smoothly shifted from one to the other extreme by changing the composition. The mass spectroscopic findings could be explained by assuming a substitution "alloy" formation in the Sn(M)Pb(N) cluster system. In combination, the dielectric properties were determined by passing the bimetallic clusters through an inhomogeneous electric field. The observed polarizabilities are significantly increased for most of the bimetallic clusters. This can be explained in an adiabatic polarization model by the presence of permanent electric dipole moments. These observations demonstrate how the electronic properties are not only crucially influenced by the cluster size but also by the composition of this nanoalloy model system. In addition to the enhanced polarizability, most of the measured beam profiles for tin-rich clusters show detectable beam broadenings due to the permanent dipole moments, in contrast to lead-rich clusters which possess considerable smaller dipole moments. Molecular dynamic simulations of the measured beam profile for Sn(6)Pb(1) taking theoretically calculated isomeric structures and dipole moments into account yields no completely satisfying outcome. Therefore we discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Heiles
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Lin L, Claes P, Höltzl T, Janssens E, Wende T, Bergmann R, Santambrogio G, Meijer G, Asmis KR, Nguyen MT, Lievens P. The structure of Au6Y+ in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13907-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00911c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang Z, Cai W, Sui J. Blue Luminescence Emitted from Monodisperse Thiolate-Capped Au11Clusters. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:2012-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Höltzl T, Veldeman N, Veszprémi T, Lievens P, Nguyen MT. Cu6Sc+ and Cu5Sc: Stable, high symmetry and aromatic scandium-doped coinage metal clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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