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Nandanapalli KR, Mudusu D, Yu JS, Lee S. Stable and sustainable photoanodes using zinc oxide and cobalt oxide chemically gradient nanostructures for water-splitting applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 558:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kosloff A, Granot E, Barkay Z, Patolsky F. Controlled Formation of Radial Core-Shell Si/Metal Silicide Crystalline Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:70-80. [PMID: 29198117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The highly controlled formation of "radial" silicon/NiSi core-shell nanowire heterostructures has been demonstrated for the first time. Here, we investigated the "radial" diffusion of nickel atoms into crystalline nanoscale silicon pillar 11 cores, followed by nickel silicide phase formation and the creation of a well-defined shell structure. The described approach is based on a two-step thermal process, which involves metal diffusion at low temperatures in the range of 200-400 °C, followed by a thermal curing step at a higher temperature of 400 °C. In-depth crystallographic analysis was performed by nanosectioning the resulting silicide-shelled silicon nanopillar heterostructures, giving us the ability to study in detail the newly formed silicide shells. Remarkably, it was observed that the resulting silicide shell thickness has a self-limiting behavior, and can be tightly controlled by the modulation of the initial diffusion-step temperature. In addition, electrical measurements of the core-shell structures revealed that the resulting shells can serve as an embedded conductive layer in future optoelectronic applications. This research provides a broad insight into the Ni silicide "radial" diffusion process at the nanoscale regime, and offers a simple approach to form thickness-controlled metal silicide shells in the range of 5-100 nm around semiconductor nanowire core structures, regardless the diameter of the nanowire cores. These high quality Si/NiSi core-shell nanowire structures will be applied in the near future as building blocks for the creation of utrathin highly conductive optically transparent top electrodes, over vertical nanopillars-based solar cell devices, which may subsequently lead to significant performance improvements of these devices in terms of charge collection and reduced recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Kosloff
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eran Granot
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Zahava Barkay
- Wolfson Applied Materials Research Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Wu LL, Zhang XT. Facile fabrication of ZnO:S/ZnO hetero-nanostructures and their electronic structure investigation by electron energy loss spectroscopy. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce02193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric ZnO:S/ZnO branched hetero-nanostructures were synthesized by a gas phase condensation process. The electronic structures of these hetero-nanostructures were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. L. Wu
- Center for Engineering Training and Basic Experimentation
- Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150022, PR China
| | - X. T. Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials
- Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin 150025, PR China
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Sarkar D, Chattopadhyay KK. Branch density-controlled synthesis of hierarchical TiO2 nanobelt and tunable three-step electron transfer for enhanced photocatalytic property. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:10044-59. [PMID: 24857888 DOI: 10.1021/am502379q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The successful adjustment of phase composition and morphology of hierarchical TiO2 nanobelts, which feature homoepitaxial nanobranches, has been developed via the hydrothermal method and chemical bath deposition technique. Effects of hydrothermal reaction time, titanium butoxide treatment in chemical bath deposition, and calcination temperature are systematically investigated. For the first time, three-step ultrafast electron transfers between the band edges of the engaged phases are realized through the enhanced photocatalytic activity results. Growth mechanism related to branch density control on nanobelt surface under such soft chemical process is discussed in detail on the basis of classical nucleation theory. The current work might provide new insights into the fabrication of one-dimensional homoepitaxial branched TiO2 nanostructures as high performance photocatalysts and facilitate their application in environmental cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sarkar
- School of Material Science & Nanotechnology, and ‡Thin Film & Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700 032, India
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Supersensitive fingerprinting of explosives by chemically modified nanosensors arrays. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4195. [PMID: 24960270 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability to detect traces of explosives sensitively, selectively and rapidly could be of great benefit for applications relating to civilian national security and military needs. Here, we show that, when chemically modified in a multiplexed mode, nanoelectrical devices arrays enable the supersensitive discriminative detection of explosive species. The fingerprinting of explosives is achieved by pattern recognizing the inherent kinetics, and thermodynamics, of interaction between the chemically modified nanosensors array and the molecular analytes under test. This platform allows for the rapid detection of explosives, from air collected samples, down to the parts-per-quadrillion concentration range, and represents the first nanotechnology-inspired demonstration on the selective supersensitive detection of explosives, including the nitro- and peroxide-derivatives, on a single electronic platform. Furthermore, the ultrahigh sensitivity displayed by our platform may allow the remote detection of various explosives, a task unachieved by existing detection technologies.
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Kargar A, Sun K, Jing Y, Choi C, Jeong H, Zhou Y, Madsen K, Naughton P, Jin S, Jung GY, Wang D. Tailoring n-ZnO/p-Si branched nanowire heterostructures for selective photoelectrochemical water oxidation or reduction. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3017-3022. [PMID: 23746049 DOI: 10.1021/nl304539x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) branched nanowire (NW) heterostructures, consisting of periodically ordered vertical Si NW trunks and ZnO NW branches, and their application for solar water splitting. The branched NW photoelectrodes show orders of magnitudes higher photocurrent compared to the bare Si NW electrodes. More interestingly, selective photoelectrochemical cathodic or anodic behavior resulting in either solar water oxidation or reduction was achieved by tuning the doping concentration of the p-type Si NW core. Specifically, n-ZnO/p-Si branched NW array electrodes with lightly doped core show broadband absorption from UV to near IR region and photocathodic water reduction, while n-ZnO/p(+)-Si branched NW arrays show photoanodic water oxidation with photoresponse only to UV light. The photoelectrochemical stability for over 24 h under constant light illumination and fixed biasing potential was achieved by coating the branched NW array with thin layers of TiO2 and Pt. These studies not only reveal the promise of 3D branched NW photoelectrodes for high efficiency solar energy harvesting and conversion to clean chemical fuels, but also developing understanding enabling rational design of high efficiency robust photocathodes and photoanodes from low-cost and earth-abundant materials allowing practical applications in clean renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kargar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Materials Science and Engineering Program, and §California Institute of Telecommunication and Information Technology, University of California-San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Elnathan R, Kwiat M, Pevzner A, Engel Y, Burstein L, Khatchtourints A, Lichtenstein A, Kantaev R, Patolsky F. Biorecognition layer engineering: overcoming screening limitations of nanowire-based FET devices. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5245-54. [PMID: 22963381 DOI: 10.1021/nl302434w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection of biological species is of great importance to numerous areas of medical and life sciences from the diagnosis of diseases to the discovery of new drugs. Essential to the detection mechanism is the transduction of a signal associated with the specific recognition of biomolecules of interest. Nanowire-based electrical devices have been demonstrated as a powerful sensing platform for the highly sensitive detection of a wide-range of biological and chemical species. Yet, detecting biomolecules in complex biosamples of high ionic strength (>100 mM) is severely hampered by ionic screening effects. As a consequence, most of existing nanowire sensors operate under low ionic strength conditions, requiring ex situ biosample manipulation steps, that is, desalting processes. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach for the direct detection of biomolecules in untreated serum, based on the fragmentation of antibody-capturing units. Size-reduced antibody fragments permit the biorecognition event to occur in closer proximity to the nanowire surface, falling within the charge-sensitive Debye screening length. Furthermore, we explored the effect of antibody surface coverage on the resulting detection sensitivity limit under the high ionic strength conditions tested and found that lower antibody surface densities, in contrary to high antibody surface coverage, leads to devices of greater sensitivities. Thus, the direct and sensitive detection of proteins in untreated serum and blood samples was effectively performed down to the sub-pM concentration range without the requirement of biosamples manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roey Elnathan
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Zhang T, Hu X, Fang M, Zhang L, Wang Z. Synthesis of hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays assembled by anatase single crystal nanoparticles. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hubbs AF, Mercer RR, Benkovic SA, Harkema JACK, Sriram K, Schwegler-Berry D, Goravanahally MP, Nurkiewicz TR, Castranova V, Sargent LM. Nanotoxicology--a pathologist's perspective. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:301-24. [PMID: 21422259 PMCID: PMC9808592 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310390705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in chemistry and engineering have created a new technology, nanotechnology, involving the tiniest known manufactured products. These products have a rapidly increasing market share and appear poised to revolutionize engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Unfortunately, nanotoxicology, the study of nanoparticulate health effects, lags behind advances in nanotechnology. Over the past decade, existing literature on ultrafine particles and respirable durable fibers has been supplemented by studies of first-generation nanotechnology products. These studies suggest that nanosizing increases the toxicity of many particulates. First, as size decreases, surface area increases, thereby speeding up dissolution of soluble particulates and exposing more of the reactive surface of durable but reactive particulates. Second, nanosizing facilitates movement of particulates across cellular and intracellular barriers. Third, nanosizing allows particulates to interact with, and sometimes even hybridize with, subcellular structures, including in some cases microtubules and DNA. Finally, nanosizing of some particulates, increases pathologic and physiologic responses, including inflammation, fibrosis, allergic responses, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and may alter cardiovascular and lymphatic function. Knowing how the size and physiochemical properties of nanoparticulates affect bioactivity is important in assuring that the exciting new products of nanotechnology are used safely. This review provides an introduction to the pathology and toxicology of nanoparticulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F. Hubbs
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert R. Mercer
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stanley A. Benkovic
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - JACK Harkema
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Madhusudan P. Goravanahally
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Linda M. Sargent
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Gu F, Gai L, Shao W, Li C, Schmidt-Mende L. Heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO branches selectively on TiO2 nanorod tips with improved light harvesting performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8400-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12309b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun L, He H, Liu C, Lu Y, Ye Z. Controllable growth and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures on Si nanowire arrays. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reddy NK, Devika M, Shpaisman N, Ben-Ishai M, Patolsky F. Synthesis and cathodoluminescence properties of CdSe/ZnO hierarchical nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sun K, Jing Y, Park N, Li C, Bando Y, Wang D. Solution Synthesis of Large-Scale, High-Sensitivity ZnO/Si Hierarchical Nanoheterostructure Photodetectors. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:15465-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1038424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States, and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yi Jing
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States, and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Namseok Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States, and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States, and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States, and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States, and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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