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Jessen C, Kornath AJ. Synthesis and Structure of Protonated Sulfur Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401953. [PMID: 38512876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Salts of protonated sulfur dioxide were synthesized by recrystallization of [FS(OX)2][SbF6] (X=H, D) in aprotic solvents at low temperatures. Hemiprotonated sulfur dioxide [(SO2)2H][Sb2F11] was obtained from the solvent SO2 and the monoprotonated sulfur dioxide [OSOD][Sb2F11], using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane as solvent. For both compounds, single crystals were obtained and an X-ray structure analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the salts were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and the results were discussed together with quantum chemical calculations on the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jessen
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Andreas J Kornath
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
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2
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Falcinelli S, Rosi M. Production and Characterization of Molecular Dications: Experimental and Theoretical Efforts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184157. [PMID: 32932839 PMCID: PMC7571021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dications are doubly charged cations of importance in flames, plasma chemistry and physics and in the chemistry of the upper atmosphere of Planets. Furthermore, they are exotic species able to store a considerable amount of energy at a molecular level. This high energy content of several eV can be easily released as translational energy of the two fragment monocations generated by their Coulomb explosion. For such a reason, they were proposed as a new kind of alternative propellant. The present topic review paper reports on an overview of the main contributions made by the authors’ research groups in the generation and characterization of simple molecular dications during the last 40 years of coupling experimental and theoretical efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (M.R.); Tel.: +39-075-585-3862 (S.F.); +39-075-585-3858 (M.R.)
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
- SCITEC, CNR, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (M.R.); Tel.: +39-075-585-3862 (S.F.); +39-075-585-3858 (M.R.)
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3
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Satta M, Cartoni A, Catone D, Castrovilli MC, Bolognesi P, Zema N, Avaldi L. The Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide Radical Cation with Hydrogen and its Relevance in Solar Geoengineering Models. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1146-1156. [PMID: 32203633 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SO2 has been proposed in solar geoengineering as a precursor of H2 SO4 aerosol, a cooling agent active in the stratosphere to contrast climate change. Atmospheric ionization sources can ionize SO2 into excited states of S O 2 · + , which quickly reacts with trace gases in the stratosphere. In this work we explore the reaction of H 2 D 2 with S O 2 · + excited by tunable synchrotron radiation, leading to H S O 2 + + H ( D S O 2 + + D ), where H contributes to O3 depletion and OH formation. Density Functional Theory and Variational Transition State Theory have been used to investigate the dynamics of the title barrierless and exothermic reaction. The present results suggest that solar geoengineering models should test the reactivity of S O 2 · + with major trace gases in the stratosphere, such as H2 since this is a relevant channel for the OH formation during the nighttime when there is not OH production by sunlight. OH oxides SO2 , triggering the chemical reactions leading to H2 SO4 aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Satta
- ISMN (CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Chimica Sapienza Universita' di Roma, Pl.e Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Cartoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Pl.e Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Catone
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bolognesi
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Nicola Zema
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
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Troiani A, Salvitti C, de Petris G. Gas-Phase Reactivity of Carbonate Ions with Sulfur Dioxide: an Experimental Study of Clusters Reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1964-1972. [PMID: 31286448 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of carbonate cluster ions with sulfur dioxide has been investigated in the gas phase by mass spectrometric techniques. SO2 promotes the displacement of carbon dioxide from carbonate clusters through a stepwise mechanism, leading to the quantitative conversion of the carbonate aggregates into the corresponding sulfite cluster ions. The kinetic study of the reactions of positive, negative, singly, and doubly charged ions reveals very fast and efficient processes for all the carbonate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Rosi M, Skouteris D, Balucani N, Nappi C, Faginas Lago N, Pacifici L, Falcinelli S, Stranges D. An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of 1-Butanol Pyrolysis. Front Chem 2019; 7:326. [PMID: 31139618 PMCID: PMC6527765 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioalcohols are a promising family of biofuels. Among them, 1-butanol has a strong potential as a substitute for petrol. In this manuscript, we report on a theoretical and experimental characterization of 1-butanol thermal decomposition, a very important process in the 1-butanol combustion at high temperatures. Advantage has been taken of a flash pyrolysis experimental set-up with mass spectrometric detection, in which the brief residence time of the pyrolyzing mixture inside a short, resistively heated SiC tube allows the identification of the primary products of the decomposing species, limiting secondary processes. Dedicated electronic structure calculations of the relevant potential energy surface have also been performed and RRKM estimates of the rate coefficients and product branching ratios up to 2,000 K are provided. Both electronic structure and RRKM calculations are in line with previous determinations. According to the present study, the H2O elimination channel leading to 1-butene is more important than previously believed. In addition to that, we provide experimental evidence that butanal formation by H2 elimination is not a primary decomposition route. Finally, we have experimental evidence of a small yield of the CH3 elimination channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Balucani
- Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Nappi
- Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Noelia Faginas Lago
- Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pacifici
- Master-Up, Perugia, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico Stranges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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de Aguiar SRMM, Öztopcu Ö, Troiani A, de Petris G, Weil M, Stöger B, Pittenauer E, Allmaier G, Veiros LF, Kirchner K. Formation of Mono Oxo Molybdenum(IV) PNP Pincer Complexes: Interplay between Water and Molecular Oxygen. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018; 2018:876-884. [PMID: 31057330 PMCID: PMC6485545 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of cationic mono oxo MoIV PNP pincer complexes of the type [Mo(PNPMe-iPr)(O)X]+ (X = I, Br) from [Mo(PNPMe-iPr)(CO)X2] is described. These compounds are coordinatively unsaturated and feature a strong Mo≡O triple bond. The formation of these complexes proceeds via cationic 14e intermediates [Mo(PNPMe-iPr)(CO)X]+ and requires both molecular oxygen and water. ESI MS measurements with 18O labeled water (H2 18O) and molecular oxygen (18O2) indicates that water plays a crucial role in the formation of the Mo≡O bond. A plausible mechanism based on DFT calculations is provided. The X-ray structure of [Mo(PNPMe-iPr)(O)I]SbF6 is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. M. M. de Aguiar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Özgür Öztopcu
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoUniversità di Roma “La Sapienza”P. le Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del FarmacoUniversità di Roma “La Sapienza”P. le Aldo Moro 500185RomaItaly
| | - Matthias Weil
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Berthold Stöger
- X‐ray CenterVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Ernst Pittenauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Luis F. Veiros
- Centro de Química EstruturalInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco Pais No. 11049‐001LisboaPortugal
| | - Karl Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
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7
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Troiani A, Rosi M, Garzoli S, Salvitti C, de Petris G. Sulphur dioxide cooperation in hydrolysis reactions of vanadium oxide and hydroxide cluster dianions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase hydrolysis takes place due to the synergistic action of SO2 and vanadium-containing dianions that succeeds in tightening hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale
- University of Perugia and CNR-ISTM
- 06125 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Roma
- Italy
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8
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Troiani A, Rosi M, Garzoli S, Salvitti C, de Petris G. Vanadium Hydroxide Cluster Ions in the Gas Phase: Bond-Forming Reactions of Doubly-Charged Negative Ions by SO2
-Promoted V−O Activation. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Troiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale; Università di Perugia and ISTM-CNR; Via Duranti 93 06125 Perugia Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Chiara Salvitti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Giulia de Petris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
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9
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Sinha RK, Scuderi D, Maitre P, Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S. Elusive Sulfurous Acid: Gas-Phase Basicity and IR Signature of the Protonated Species. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1605-1610. [PMID: 26263321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ion corresponding to protonated sulfurous acid, H3SO3(+), has been successfully delivered into the gas phase by electrospray ionization of the solution of a suitable precursor and an in-source fragmentation process. The neutral acid is a highly elusive molecule. However, its gas-phase basicity has been ascertained by means of a kinetic study of proton-transfer reactivity. The structure of the H3SO3(+) sampled ion has been probed by IRMPD spectroscopy in two complementary IR frequency ranges in conjunction with density functional theory calculations and found to conform to a trihydroxosulfonium ion. The characteristic IR signatures may aid in deciphering the presence of this species in extraterrestrial atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Sinha
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- ∥Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka, India
| | - Debora Scuderi
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maitre
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Chiavarino
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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10
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Troiani A, Rosi M, Salvitti C, de Petris G. The Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide by Single and Double Oxygen Transfer Paths. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2723-31. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Maksić ZB, Kovačević B, Vianello R. Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5240-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100458v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir B. Maksić
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Pérez-González A, Galano A. Ionization Energies, Proton Affinities, and pKa Values of a Large Series of Edaravone Derivatives: Implication for Their Free Radical Scavenging Activity. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10375-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2047163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez-González
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col.Vicentina C. P. 09340, México D. F
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col.Vicentina C. P. 09340, México D. F
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13
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Himmel D, Goll SK, Leito I, Krossing I. Anchor Points for the Unified Brønsted Acidity Scale: The rCCC Model for the Calculation of Standard Gibbs Energies of Proton Solvation in Eleven Representative Liquid Media. Chemistry 2011; 17:5808-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Puzzarini C. Accurate thermochemistry and spectroscopy of the oxygen-protonated sulfur dioxide isomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21319-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22675d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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